scholarly journals Candida albicans interdigital foot infection: A case report highlighting the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Hassan Yahaya ◽  
Alhassan Abdullahi Sharif ◽  
Thian Lung Than Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Pathogenic Yeasts other than Candida albicans and Comparison with the NCCLS Broth Microdilution Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Ramani ◽  
Vishnu Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT Candida species other than Candida albicansfrequently cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Some of these pathogens have either variable susceptibility patterns or intrinsic resistance against common azoles. The availability of a rapid and reproducible susceptibility-testing method is likely to help in the selection of an appropriate regimen for therapy. A flow cytometry (FC) method was used in the present study for susceptibility testing ofCandida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii,Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae,Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, andCryptococcus neoformans based on accumulation of the DNA binding dye propidium iodide (PI). The results were compared with MIC results obtained for amphotericin B and fluconazole using the NCCLS broth microdilution method (M27-A). For FC, the yeast inoculum was prepared spectrophotometrically, the drugs were diluted in either RPMI 1640 or yeast nitrogen base containing 1% dextrose, and yeast samples and drug dilutions were incubated with amphotericin B and fluconazole, respectively, for 4 to 6 h. Sodium deoxycholate and PI were added at the end of incubation, and fluorescence was measured with a FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). The lowest drug concentration that showed a 50% increase in mean channel fluorescence compared to that of the growth control was designated the MIC. All tests were repeated once. The MICs obtained by FC for all yeast isolates except C. lusitaniae were in very good agreement (within 1 dilution) of the results of the NCCLS broth microdilution method. Paired ttest values were not statistically significant (P = 0.377 for amphotericin B; P = 0.383 for fluconazole). Exceptionally, C. lusitaniae isolates showed higher MICs (2 dilutions or more) than in the corresponding NCCLS broth microdilution method for amphotericin B. Overall, FC antifungal susceptibility testing provided rapid, reproducible results that were statistically comparable to those obtained with the NCCLS method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the “Dip Effect” Phenomenon in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. against Echinocandins by Use of Gradient Concentration Strips

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 3654-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Siopi ◽  
Marilena Tsala ◽  
Nikolaos Siafakas ◽  
Loukia Zerva ◽  
Joseph Meletiadis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inhibition Zones

The “dip effect” phenomenon complicates antifungal susceptibility testing with gradient concentration strips. Of 60Candidaisolates tested with the three echinocandins, this phenomenon was observed only for caspofungin with most (>90%)Candida albicans,Candida glabrata, andCandida tropicalisisolates and for isolates with CLSI MICs of ≤0.25 mg/liter. In order to facilitate MIC determination, a practical approach was developed using the inhibition zones at 32, 8, 2, and 1 mg/liter, increasing the agreement with the CLSI method >86%.

scholarly journals Speciation of Candida using CHROMagar from various clinical specimens and their antifungal susceptibility pattern at a tertiary care hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Sanjana Raj Kumari ◽  
Neetu Adhikaree
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Background: Candida albicans remains the most common and are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life threatening invasive diseases. But recent epidemiological data shift from C.albicans to non albicans Candida species and also increased resistance to antifungal drugs made the scenario a serious concern. Methods: A total of 156 Candida isolates from various clinical specimens received in the department of Microbiology were taken up for the study over a period of one year i.e. from March 2019 to February 2020. The Candida were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar to be  evaluated for colony  appearance, macroscopic examination, Gram staining, germ tube, urea hydrolysis etc. The Candida isolates were speciated by using CHROMagar medium. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A document. Results: The isolation of non albicans Candida (54.5%) predominated over Candida albicans (45.5%). Non albicans Candida isolated were Candida tropcalis 40(25.6%), Candida krusei 21(13.4%), Candida glabrata 17(10.8%) and Candida dublinensis 07(4.4%) each. Candida species were all susceptible to Amphotericin B, followed by fluconazole (67.4%), miconazole (51.9%) and ketoconazole (22.5%). Conclusions: The accurate species identification of Candida is important for the treatment because not all species respond to the same treatment and also because of the increasing antifungal resistance. CHROMagar is a convenient and rapid method of identification of Candida species specially in resource limited poor settings.   Keywords: antifungal susceptibility testing; Candida albicans; CHROMagar; non albicans Candida

scholarly journals The Hazardous Activity of Yeasts Embedded in Biofilm and Planktonic Estimated Through the Effectiveness of four Commonly Used Biocidal Conditionings

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Daniela Lorin ◽  
Valer Teusdea ◽  
Elena Mitranescu ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
Eugenia Dumitrescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Candida Sake

The aim of study was to analyse the activity of four biocides. Assessment was made using the methodology described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI); Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, M27-A3 Approved Standard, in: Candida sake, C. albicans, C. lusitaniae and Rhodotorulla rubra. The outcome, related to the culture2 s cut-off value of optical density (O.D.) was analysed statistically (p = 0.05 or lower) proving that Candida albicans was capable of generating strong biofilms, in the resistance setting (p = 0.001).

scholarly journals Cell Density and Cell Aging as Factors Modulating Antifungal Resistance of Candida albicans Biofilms

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3259-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Seneviratne ◽  
L. J. Jin ◽  
Y. H. Samaranayake ◽  
L. P. Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Cellular Density

ABSTRACT Biofilm formation is a major virulence attribute of Candida pathogenicity which contributes to higher antifungal resistance. We investigated the roles of cell density and cellular aging on the relative antifungal susceptibility of planktonic, biofilm, and biofilm-derived planktonic modes of Candida. A reference and a wild-type strain of Candida albicans were used to evaluate the MICs of caspofungin (CAS), amphotericin B (AMB), nystatin (NYT), ketoconazole (KTC), and flucytosine (5FC). Standard, NCCLS, and European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing methods were used for planktonic MIC determination. Candida biofilms were then developed on polystyrene wells, and MICs were determined with a standard 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay. Subsequently, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for greater inoculum concentrations and 24- and 48-h-old cultures of planktonic Candida. Furthermore, Candida biofilm-derived planktonic cells (BDPC) were also subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. The MICs for both C. albicans strains in the planktonic mode were low, although on increasing the inoculum concentration (up to 1 × 108 cells/ml), a variable MIC was noted. On the contrary, for Candida biofilms, the MICs of antifungals were 15- to >1,000-fold higher. Interestingly, the MICs for BDPC were lower and were similar to those for planktonic-mode cells, particularly those of CAS and AMB. Our data indicate that higher antifungal resistance of Candida biofilms is an intrinsic feature possibly related to the biofilm architecture rather than cellular density or cellular aging.

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