scholarly journals Effect of variation in land use, age of host tree, season and geographic location on the diversity of endophytic fungi in the needles of Afrocarpus falcatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 3489-3500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gure Abdella ◽  
Birhanu Getachew
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Host Tree

Modelling nitrate losses from agricultural activities on a national scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Dunn ◽  
A.J.A. Vinten ◽  
A. Lilly ◽  
J. DeGroote ◽  
M. McGechan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Ungauged Catchments

The Nitrogen Risk Assessment Model for Scotland (NIRAMS) has been developed as a screening tool for prediction of streamwater N concentrations draining from agricultural land in Scotland. The objective of the model is to be able to predict N concentrations for ungauged catchments, to fill gaps in monitoring data and provide guidance in relation to policy development. The model uses national land use, soils and meteorology data sets and has been developed within an ArcView GIS user interface. The model includes modules to calculate N inputs to the land, residual N remaining at the end of the growing season, weekly time-series of leached N and transport of N at the catchment scale. The N leaching and transport are controlled by hydrological modules, including a national water balance model and a catchment scale transport model. Preliminary testing of NIRAMS has been carried out on eight Scottish catchments, diverse in terms of geographic location as well as land use. The model is capable of predicting the correct mean level of stream N concentrations, as well as the basic characteristics of seasonal variation. As such the model can be of value for providing estimates of N concentrations in ungauged areas.

Host tree utilization by epiphytic orchids in different land-use intensities in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Plant Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 213 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagya Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Hagen Siegfried Fischer ◽  
Anton Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids

scholarly journals Coupling Coordination Analysis of Livelihood Efficiency and Land Use for Households in Poverty-Alleviated Mountainous Areas

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1115
Author(s):  
Fang Su ◽  
Jiangbo Chang ◽  
Haiyang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Land System ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Southern Shaanxi ◽  
Coordination Degree

The interaction between livelihood means and land use pattern of households is the core of the interactive coupling of the human-land system. This study focuses on Qinba mountainous area in southern Shaanxi province, a typical poverty-alleviated mountainous area. With the help of the coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation, and trend surface analysis, this study constructs the coupling coordination degree of livelihood efficiency and land use for households, and analyzes the differences between households’ livelihood efficiency and land use level, as well as the coupling coordination relationship between households livelihood efficiency and land use in different types and regions. The research conclusions are as follows. (1) For households in the Qinba mountainous area, southern Shaanxi province, the livelihood efficiency is at a medium level of 0.681, the land use is at a low level of 0.127, while the coupling coordination degree 0.526 is at the primary coordination state. (2) With the increase of nonagricultural degree, the coupling coordination degree of households increases first, and then decreases. (3) The coupling coordination degree for households east-to-west is “sagging”, while south-to-north diagram is “hogging”. (4) The distribution of the coupling coordination degree for agriculture-dependent households east-to-west (the “sagging” diagram) is opposite to the other types of households. By analogy, the distribution of the coupling coordination degree for nonagriculture and agriculture-dependent households north-to-south (the “hogging” diagram) is opposite to the other types of households. The coupling coordination between the households’ livelihood efficiency and land use level is affected by the households’ regional development level, natural resources, geographic location, infrastructure availability and many other factors. Making appropriate livelihood development plans based on the types of households and regional space can both effectively improve the livelihood conditions, as well as offer guidance in promoting regional human-land activity coordination and ensuring sustainable development.

scholarly journals Natural Ecosystem-Units in Israel and the Palestinian Authority - Representativeness in Protected Areas and Suggested Solutions for Biodiversity Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dotan Rotem ◽  
Gilad Weil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
African Rift

Abstract The geographic location of Israel and the Palestinian Authorityon the border between Mediterranean and desert climate, and the strong topographic and geomorphological variation resulting from its position on the Great African Rift Valley, combine to sustain a great diversity of landscapes in a very small country. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the protected areas in Israel and the Palestinian Authority adequately represent the range of landscapes and ecosystems in the region. Altogether, we defined 23 natural ecosystem-units in Israel and the Palestinian Authority, of which 17 are terrestrial landscapes and 6 are aquatic systems. In considering the adequacy of coverage in protected areas, we mapped Israel and the Palestinian Authority landscapes according to a set of environmental factors (climatic, geomorphological, geological and botanical) that we believe most effectively distinguish landscape types in this region. When the separation between adjacent units relies on sharp topographic or edaphic change in the landscape, the mapped units can be separated by a clear and sharp line. When adjacent units are actually a gradient of continuous environmental conditions the separation lines relied mostly on botanic characteristics. The main land use categories in this analysis were urban areas, agricultural areas, nature reserves, national parks and forest reserves. For the first time in Israel and the Palestinian Authority, we quantified the different landscape types under the different categories of land use. This process, known as systematic conservation planning, allowed us to detect natural landscapes that are underrepresented in protected areas, and can guide decision makers to establish or improve management for the better representation of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Fungal Endophytic Community Associated with Guarana (Paullinia cupana Var. Sorbilis): Diversity Driver by Genotypes in the Centre of Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Carla Santos ◽  
Blenda Naara Santos da Silva ◽  
Ana Francisca Tibúrcia Amorim Ferreira e Ferreira ◽  
Cledir Santos ◽  
Nelson Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Paullinia Cupana ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Latent Pathogens

Guarana plant is a native of the Amazon region. Due to its high amount of caffeine and tannins, the seed has medicinal and stimulating properties. The guarana industry has grown exponentially in recent years; however, little information is available about associated mycobiota, particularly endophytic fungi. The present study aimed to compare the distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves and seeds of anthracnose-resistant and susceptible guarana plants produced in Maués and Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. A total of 7514 endophytic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar, Sabouraud and Czapek media, and grouped into 77 morphological groups. Overall, fungal communities in guarana leaves and seeds were mainly composed by Colletotrichum and Fusarium genera, but also by Chondrostereum, Clonostachys, Curvularia, Hypomontagnella, Lentinus, Neopestalotiopsis, Nigrospora, Peroneutypa, Phyllosticta, Simplicillium and Tinctoporellus. Obtained results indicate that some members of Colletotrichum and Fusarium genera may have experienced dysbiosis during the guarana domestication process, suggesting that some individuals may behave as latent pathogens. The susceptible guarana genotype cultivated in Manaus presented higher fungal diversity. The relative abundance of taxa and diversity among samples suggests that communities are structured by genotype and geographic location. This is the first report of mycobiota in both guarana leaves and seeds.

scholarly journals An agent-based transportation impact sketch planning (TISP) model system

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-253
Author(s):  
Ayad Hammadi ◽  
Eric J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Model System ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Traffic Impact

A traffic impact sketch planning (TISP) model is presented for the estimation of the likely travel demand generated by a major land-use development or redevelopment project. The proposed approach overcomes the problems with the non-behavioral transportation-related studies used in practice for assessing the development design impacts on the local transportation system. The architectural design of the development, in terms of the number and type of dwellings, by number of bedrooms per unit, and the land-use categories of the non-residential floorspace, are reflected in the TISP model through an integrated population and employment synthesis approach. The population synthesis enables the feasible deployment of an agent-based microsimulation (ABM) model system of daily activity and travel demand for a quick, efficient, and detailed assessment of the transportation impacts of a proposed neighborhood or development. The approach is not restricted to a certain type of dataset of the control variables for the geographic location of the development. Datasets for different geographic dimensions of the study area, with some common control variables, are merged and cascaded into a synthesized, disaggregate population of resident persons, households and jobs. The prototype implementation of the TISP model is for Waterfront Toronto’s Bayside Development Phase 2, using the operational TASHA-based GTAModel V4.1 ABM travel demand model system. While the conventional transportation studies focus on the assessment of the local traffic impacts in the immediate surroundings of the development, the TISP model investigates and assesses many transportation related impacts in the district, city, and region, for both residents and non-residents of the development. TISP model analysis includes the overall spatiotemporal trips distribution generated by the residents and non-residents of the development for the auto and non-auto mobility systems and the simulated agents diurnal peaking travel times. The model results are compared with the trips estimates by a prior project traffic impact study and the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (TGM) rates of weekday trips for the relevant land uses. Future extensions and improvements of the model including the generalization and full automation of the model, and the bi-level macro-micro representation of the transportation network are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Fishes of Champaign County, Illinois, During a Century of Alterations of a Prairie Ecosystem

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 53-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Larimore ◽  
Peter B. Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Stream Fish Assemblages ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Streams and their aquatic communities are directly and indirectly influenced by the past and present activities of humans. In Champaign County, marshes and tallgrass prairie have been converted to farmland, cities, and highways. With these changes, former natural areas have become the dumping ground of domestic and agricultural wastes, with farmland being subjected to intense fertilizer and pesticide applications. Such practices can be expected to have significant influences on aquatic communities. Historical information on the fish communities inhabiting the streams of Champaign County (Forbes and Richardson 1908; Thompson and Hunt 1930; and Larimore and Smith 1963) in conjunction with data collected in the present study provide a unique opportunity to relate a century of biological observations to dramatic changes in land use. The importance of such a study is not restricted to its geographic location, nor to a unique assemblage of fishes, but rather to long-term patterns in fish community composition and structure in a midwestern, agricultural setting. Understanding the long-term implications of such changing land-use practices on stream fish assemblages is critical to sound environmental management and planning.

scholarly journals Características de la actividad enzimática y el humus en suelos de chinampa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Amada Laura Reyes-Ortigoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sulfatase Activity ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The chinampas are protected natural areas that have suffered degradation due to saline contamination and type of management. The objective was to study enzymatic activity and type of humus in chinampas with different salinity, land use and geographical location. Forty-five soil samples were studied, 15 at each site (Xochimilco, San Gregorio Atlapulco (SGA) and Tláhuac). Each site had a different use: five had pastures, five had agricultural crops and five were abandoned. pH, EC, saline ions, enzymatic activity (glucosidase, phosphatase, urease, sulfatase, catalase and dehydrogenase) and carbon in humic substances were evaluated. EC, PSI and pH classified the cultivated soils of SGA and Xochimilco as saline, but in Tláhuac the soils of abandoned and pasture chinampas were sodic saline. Geographic location and land use changed enzyme activity (except for urease and glucosidase) and characteristics of the humus [percentages of carbon of humic acids (HA) (humic acids), fulvic acids (FA), and humins]. There were statistical differences (Tukey P < 0.05). The cultivated soils had more urease, phosphatase and sulfatase activity, while in the pasturelands dehydrogenase and catalase were more active. Higher carbon content in AH was found in pastureland and chinampas of Tlahuac, while in SGA and abandoned chinampas carbon content was higher in FA.

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