scholarly journals Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal effects of ethyl acetate root bark extract of Terminalia avicennioides on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Ekene Ugochukwu Adim ◽  
Emeka John Dingwoke ◽  
Fatima Amin Adamude ◽  
Chidi Edenta ◽  
Ndubuisi Nwobodo Nwobodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

scholarly journals Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triveni A G ◽  
Suresh Kumar Mendem ◽  
Channapa T Shivannavar ◽  
Subhaschandra M Gaddad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Crude Extracts

 Objective:The continuous rise in the prevalence of multi drug resistance pathogens globally is threatening the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Ethno medicine plays a key role in the exploration for novel bioactive compounds. The present study evaluates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Materials and methods: Shade dried and finely powdered leaves of the plant were extracted by maceration method using six solvents methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether and n-hexane. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts against MDR MRSA by agar cup diffusion and tube method respectively.Results: Methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity of 18mm compared to other extracts. Similarly, petroleum ether extract showed highest biofilm inhibition of 84.7%. Other solvent extracts also exhibited significant biofilm inhibition [n-Hexane-83.6%, Ethyl acetate -79.5%, Chloroform-79.2%, Acetone -77% and Methanol-77%].Conclusion: The leaf extracts of L. inermis have shown promising biofilm inhibitory activity and good antibacterial activity, which can be explored for the development of new drugs for the MDR pathogens. Keywords: Antibioticacivity, Antibiofilm activity, L.inermis, MRSA

scholarly journals Bactericidal Effects of Low-Irradiance Low Level Light Therapy on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Vitro

Fine Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Patrick J. McMullan ◽  
Jakob Krzyston ◽  
Robert Osgood
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Low Level Light Therapy ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Total Fluence

Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT) within the visible blue spectrum (400-470 nanometers) is a well-documented therapeutic alternative to combat multidrug resistant organism infections through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, one shortcoming of LLLT is that many studies deliver therapy through high powered lasers and lamps. High powered light sources not only require specialized staff to operate, but they also deliver the total light dose (fluence) at an exceptionally high intensity, or irradiance, which could consequently deplete the oxygen supplies required to promote LLLT’s bactericidal properties. To overcome these faults, low-irradiance LLLT, or delivering the same total fluence of LLLT over an extended period of time with decreased irradiance was evaluated in vitro. To further explore this alternative approach, the bactericidal effects of low-irradiance (10.44 mW/cm2) LLLT using wavelengths of 405-nm, 422-nm and 470-nm were studied on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cultures. Among these wavelengths, it was determined that 405-nm LLLT provided the most effective reduction of bacterial load at the lowest total fluence (75 J/cm2) (94.50% reduction). The bactericidal effects of 405-nm low-irradiance LLLT were then further studied by treating MRSA cultures to 75 J/cm2 LLLT while using irradiances of 5.22 mW/cm2 and 3.48 mW/cm2. It was concluded that there was a greater reduction of MRSA bacterial load when samples were exposed to irradiances of 5.22 mW/cm2 (95.71% reduction) and 3.48 mW/cm2 (99.63% reduction). This study validates the bactericidal properties of low-irradiance LLLT on MRSA, and subsequent studies should be completed to optimize its full therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Bacteriostatic and Bactericide Effect with Antibiofilm and Anticolony Spreading from Javanese Citronella Oil on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amaliyah Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Eddy Bagus Wasito ◽  
Kartuti Debora ◽  
Achmad Basori ◽  
Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Effect Test

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic bacterium that has been resistant to various types of antibiotics, so it is not easy to be treated with antibiotics and needs other solutions. Javanese citronella oil distilled from the Cymbopogon nardus plant is proven to function as an antibacterial agent (bacteriostatic and bactericidal), fungicide and repellent. This study aimed to prove that there is a positive correlation between bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects with antibiofilm and anticolony spreading from Javanese citronella oil on MRSA. The intended antibiofilm is a barrier to biofilm formation and eradication. Bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects were tested using microtiter plates assay, bactericidal effect test with subculture into the media and anticolony spreading effect test with spot inoculation in Tryptic Soy Broth media supplemented with 0.24% agar. The bacteriostatic effect test data were analyzed using paired t-test, bactericidal effect using the Friedman test, antibiofilm effect test using Kruskall-Wallis and the results of all the tests correlated using Pearson and Spearman correlation. The statistical significance used was p<0.05. The results showed that Javanese citronella oil had a bacteriostatic concentration of 0.02% (v/v) and bactericidal concentration of 0.78% (v/v). The Pearson correlation test showed that there was a negative correlation between bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on biofilm formation with r=-0.956 (p=0.000), but the correlation was positive for biofilm eradication with r=0.918 (p=0.000) and anticolony spreading with r=1.000 (p=0.000).

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Arbutus pavarii Pamp against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and UHPLC-MS/MS Profile of the Bioactive Fraction

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Nawal Buzgaia ◽  
Tahani Awin ◽  
Fakhri Elabbar ◽  
Khaled Abdusalam ◽  
Soo Yee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Bioactive Fraction

Arbutus pavarii Pamp is a medicinal plant commonly used by local tribes in East Libya for the treatment of many diseases, such as gastritis, renal infections, cancer and kidney diseases. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of the plant against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the metabolite profiles of the bioactive fractions, was investigated. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), while the microbial reduction by the bioactive fraction was evaluated using time–kill test. The bioactive fraction was further subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis to putatively identify the chemical constituents contained therein. All the extracts and fractions showed different levels of antibacterial activity on the tested MRSA strains. The highest total antibacterial activity, i.e., 4007.6 mL/g, was exhibited by the crude leaf methanolic extract. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf showed moderate to significant antibacterial activity against MRSA at low MIC (0.08–1.25 mg/mL). Metabolite profiling of this fraction using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS resulted in the putative identification of 28 compounds, which included phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Arbutus pavarii leaf possessed potential antibacterial activity against MRSA and hence can be further explored for pharmaceutical applications as a natural antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN TERPENOID DALAM DAUN ARA (Ficus carica L.) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Endang Dwi Wulansari ◽  
Dewi Lestari ◽  
Mujahidah Asma Khoirunissa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACT Fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) are known to the public with many health benefits. The content of efficacious compounds in fig leaves such as terpenoids has potential as an antibacterial and needs to be known. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of terpenoid content in extracts and fractions of fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) on the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria by contact bioautography. Extraction was carried out by stratified soxhletation with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Separation was carried out by coloum vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) method. The wells diffusion method is used as the antibacterial activity test, while the TLC contact bioautography test is carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of the terpenoid content in the extracts and fractions. Extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol of fig leaf (Ficus carica L.) have antibacterial activity against MRSA with a diameter of inhibitory zone 0.111 ± 0.003; 0.328 ± 0.026, 1.044 ± 0.115 cm, and show significant differences. Extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol of fig leaf (Ficus carica L.) contain terpenoids. The fraction of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) contains terpenoid compounds which can provide antibacterial activity against MRSA by TLC contact bioautography. Keywords:       fig leaves, Ficus carica L., antibacterial, Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus.  ABSTRAK Daun ara (Ficus carica L.) dikenal masyarakat dengan banyak manfaat dalam bidang kesehatan. Kandungan senyawa berkhasiat dalam daun ara seperti terpenoid berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan perlu diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kandungan terpenoid dalam ekstrak maupun fraksi daun ara (Ficus carica L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) secara KLT bioautografi kontak. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara soxhletasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etil asetat. Pemisahan dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom vakum cair (KVC). Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran, sedangkan uji bioautografi kontak dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kandungan terpenoid dalam ekstrak dan fraksi. Ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol daun ara (Ficus carica L.) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap MRSA dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 0,111±0,003; 0,328±0,026, 1,044±0,115 cm, dan menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol daun ara (Ficus carica L.) mengandung terpenoid. Fraksi dari ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol daun ara (Ficus carica L.) mengandung senyawa terpenoid yang dapat memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap MRSA secara KLT bioautografi kontak. Kata kunci : daun ara, Ficus carica L., antibakteri, Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus

scholarly journals Correlation between the Bacteriostatic and Bactericide Effect with Antibiofilm and Anticolony Spreading from Javanese Citronella Oil on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amaliyah Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Eddy Bagus Wasito ◽  
Kartuti Debora ◽  
Achmad Basori ◽  
Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Effect Test

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic bacterium that has been resistant to various types of antibiotics, so it is not easy to be treated with antibiotics and needs other solutions. Javanese citronella oil distilled from the Cymbopogon nardus plant is proven to function as an antibacterial agent (bacteriostatic and bactericidal), fungicide and repellent. This study aimed to prove that there is a positive correlation between bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects with antibiofilm and anticolony spreading from Javanese citronella oil on MRSA. The intended antibiofilm is a barrier to biofilm formation and eradication. Bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects were tested using microtiter plates assay, bactericidal effect test with subculture into the media and anticolony spreading effect test with spot inoculation in Tryptic Soy Broth media supplemented with 0.24% agar. The bacteriostatic effect test data were analyzed using paired t-test, bactericidal effect using the Friedman test, antibiofilm effect test using Kruskall-Wallis and the results of all the tests correlated using Pearson and Spearman correlation. The statistical significance used was p<0.05. The results showed that Javanese citronella oil had a bacteriostatic concentration of 0.02% (v/v) and bactericidal concentration of 0.78% (v/v). The Pearson correlation test showed that there was a negative correlation between bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on biofilm formation with r = -0.956 (p = 0.000), but the correlation was positive for biofilm eradication with r = 0.918 (p = 0.000) and anticolony spreading with r = 1.000 (p = 0.000).

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