scholarly journals Detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Pakistan using bait-plant bioassay, ELISA and RT-PCR

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (48) ◽  
pp. 3206-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Muhammad ◽  
Khan Waseemullah ◽  
Shafi Amna ◽  
Kamranullah
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bait Plant ◽  
Plant Bioassay

Diagnosis of Potato Mop-Top Virus in Soil Using Bait Plant Bioassay and RT-PCR-microplate Hybridization

2010 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takato Nakayama ◽  
Tetsuo Maoka ◽  
Tatsuji Hataya ◽  
Motoshige Shimizu ◽  
Hideaki Fuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bait Plant ◽  
Plant Bioassay ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus

Detection of potato mop-top virus in soils and potato tubers using bait-plant bioassay, ELISA and RT-PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Murad Ali ◽  
Anayatur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bait Plant ◽  
Plant Bioassay ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus

scholarly journals First Report of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Infecting Spinach in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Liu ◽  
B. Mou ◽  
K. Richardson ◽  
S. T. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Rigid Rod

In 2009, plants from two spinach (Spinacia oleracea) experimental fields in Monterey County and one commercial spinach field in Ventura County of California exhibited vein-clearing, mottling, interveinal yellowing, and stunting symptoms. For experimental fields, up to 44% of spinach plants have symptoms. With a transmission electron microscope, rigid rod-shaped particles with central canals were observed from plant sap of the symptomatic spinach. Analysis with a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA assay for Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) showed that all 10 symptomatic plants we tested were positive and 5 asymptomatic plants were negative. Symptomatic spinach from both counties was used for mechanical transmission experiments. Chenopodium quinoa, Tetragonia expansa, and Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) showed chlorotic local lesions and B. macrocarpa and spinach showed vein-clearing, mottling, and systemic infections. To further confirm the presence of BNYVV, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted. Total RNA was extracted from field- and mechanically inoculated symptomatic spinach plants using an RNeasy Plant Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) and used as a template in RT-PCR. Forward and reverse primers specific to the BNYVV RNA-3 P25 protein gene from the beet isolate were used (2). Amplicons of the expected size (approximately 860 bp) were obtained. Four RT-PCR products were sequenced and the sequences were identical (GenBank Accession No. GU135626). Sequences from the spinach plants had 97 to 99% nucleotide and 94 to 100% amino acid identity with BNYVV RNA-3 P25 protein sequences available in the GenBank. On the basis of the data from electron microscopy, indicator plants, serology, and cDNA sequencing, the virus was identified as BNYVV. BNYVV has been reported from spinach fields in Italy (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of BNYVV occurring naturally on spinach in California. Since BNYVV is transmitted by the zoospores of the soil-inhabiting plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae, it could be a new threat to spinach production in the state. References: (1) C. R. Autonell et al. Inf. Fitopatol. 45:43, 1995. (2) H.-Y. Liu and R. T. Lewellen, Plant Dis. 91:847, 2007.

scholarly journals Identification of Dialeurodes citri as a Vector of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Zhang ◽  
C. H. Liu ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
Y. L. Wang ◽  
C. Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Access Period ◽  
Inoculation Access Period ◽  
Dialeurodes Citri ◽  
The Mean

In 2009, a new citrus viral disease caused by Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) was first discovered in China and now CYVCV is widely distributed in the field. CYVCV is transmissible by grafting and is spread by aphids from lemon to bean, and from bean to bean. However, until now, no vector has been shown to transmit CYVCV from citrus to citrus. In this study, after a 24-h acquisition access period (AAP), CYVCV was tested for in Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), Panonychus citri McGregor, and Aphis citricidus (Kirkaldy) by quantitative RT-PCR. After an AAP of 48 h, groups of adults of D. citri, P. citri, and A. citricidus were given a 48 h inoculation access period on cultivar Daidai sour orange seedlings. Three, 6, and 12 months post-transmission by D. citri, CYVCV was detected in the receptor plants, and the mean incidence of infected trees was 31.9, 39.1, and 39.1%, respectively. CYVCV was not transmitted to citrus by P. citri or A. citricidus. This is the first report of the ability of D. citri to transmit CYVCV from infected to healthy citrus under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals First Report of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus on Red Table Beet in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. M. Rezende ◽  
V. M. Camelo ◽  
D. Flôres ◽  
A. P. O. A. Mello ◽  
E. W. Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is an economically important pathogen of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) in several European, and Asian countries and in the United States (3). The virus is transmitted by the soil-inhabiting plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae and causes the rhizomania disease of sugar beet. In November 2012, plants of B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris cv. Boro (red table beet) exhibiting mainly severe characteristic root symptom of rhizomania were found in a commercial field located in the municipality of São José do Rio Pardo, State of São Paulo, Brazil. No characteristic virus-inducing foliar symptom was observed on diseased plants. The incidence of diseased plants was around 70% in the two visited crops. As the hairy root symptom is indicative of infection by BNYVV, the present study aimed to detect and identify this virus associated with the diseased plants. Preliminary leaf dip analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of very few benyvirus-like particles. Total RNA was extracted from roots of three symptomatic plants and one asymptomatic plant according to Toth et al. (3). One-step reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed as described by Morris et al. (2) with primers that amplify part of the coat protein gene at RNA2. The initial assumption that the hairy root symptom was associated with BNYVV infection was confirmed by the amplification of a fragment of ~500 bp from all three symptomatic samples. No amplicon was obtained from the asymptomatic control plant. Amplicons were directly sequenced, and the consensus nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed 100% identity. The nucleotide sequence for one amplicon (Accession No. KM433683) was compared with other sequences deposited in GenBank. The nucleotide (468 nt) and deduced amino acid (156 aa) sequences shared 93 to 100 and 97 to 99% identity, respectively with the corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequences for other isolates of type A of BNYVV. The virus was transmitted to three of 10 red table beet plants inoculated with contaminated soil, and infection was confirmed by nested RT-PCR, as described by Morris et al. (1), and nucleotide sequencing. This is the first report on the occurrence of BNYVV in Brazil, which certainly will affect the yield of red table beet in the producing region. Therefore, mapping of the occurrence of BNYVV in red table beet-producing areas in Brazil for containment of the spread of the virus is urgent. In the meantime, precautions should be taken to control the movement of contaminated soil and beet roots, carrots, or any vegetable grown on infested land that might introduce the virus to still virus-free regions. References: (1) J. Morris et al. J. Virol. Methods 95:163, 2001. (2) D. D. Sutic et al. Handbook of Plant Virus Diseases. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1999. (3) I. K. Toth et al. Methods for the Detection and Quantification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsb. atrosepticum) on Potatoes: A Laboratory Manual. Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, Scotland, 2002.

A multiplex RT-PCR assay capable of distinguishing beet necrotic yellow vein virus types A and B

2005 ◽  
Vol 124 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ratti ◽  
Gerard R.G. Clover ◽  
Concepcion Rubies Autonell ◽  
Valerie A. Harju ◽  
Christine M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay

scholarly journals Viral Interactions Lead to Decline of Blackberry Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Susaimuthu ◽  
Ioannis E. Tzanetakis ◽  
Rose C. Gergerich ◽  
Kyung S. Kim ◽  
Robert R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Interactions ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northwest Arkansas ◽  
Blackberry Yellow Vein Disease ◽  
Symptomatic Leaf ◽  
Viral Inclusions

Blackberry yellow vein disease (BYVD) poses a new threat to the blackberry industry in the United States. Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) was originally thought to be the sole cause of this disease. However, BYVaV has been found in several asymptomatic blackberry cultivars. An unusual member of the family Potyviridae was identified recently from symptomatic plants and named Blackberry virus Y (BVY). BVY has been shown to spread in the field and cause BYVD when co-infected with BYVaV. Both viruses are asymptomatic in single infections but are readily detectable in asymptomatic plants by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, in mixed infections, the titer of BYVaV is repressed, sometimes to levels undetectable by RT-PCR, while the concentration of BVY is increased several fold. Electron microscopy revealed a variety of viral inclusions in symptomatic leaf samples, but none could be found in single infections with either BVY or BYVaV. Although BYVaV has been consistently associated with BYVD in different geographical regions, the detection of BVY has thus far been restricted to northwest Arkansas. It has been hypothesized that BYVaV is the synergistic determinant of BYVD that causes symptoms in different cultivars at various locations during co-infection with other viruses.

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