Potential benefits of genetic modification (GM) technology for food security and health improvement in West Africa: Assessing the perception of farmers in Ghana and Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adenle Ademola ◽  
S. Alhassan Walter ◽  
O. Solomon Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Gm Technology

Climate change and food security in tropical West Africa – a dynamic-statistical modelling approach

Erdkunde ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Paeth ◽  
Arcade Capo-Chichi ◽  
Wilfried Endlicher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Toward genetic modification of plant-parasitic nematodes: delivery of macromolecules to adults and expression of exogenous mRNA in second stage juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Kranse ◽  
Helen Beasley ◽  
Sally Adams ◽  
Andre Pires-daSilva ◽  
Christopher Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes are a continuing threat to food security, causing an estimated 100 billion USD in crop losses each year. The most problematic are the obligate sedentary endoparasites (primarily root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes). Progress in understanding their biology is held back by a lack of tools for functional genetics: forward genetics is largely restricted to studies of natural variation in populations and reverse genetics is entirely reliant on RNA interference. There is an expectation that the development of functional genetic tools would accelerate the progress of research on plant-parasitic nematodes, and hence the development of novel control solutions. Here, we develop some of the foundational biology required to deliver a functional genetic tool kit in plant-parasitic nematodes. We characterize the gonads of male Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne hapla in the context of spermatogenesis. We test and optimize various methods for the delivery, expression, and/or detection of exogenous nucleic acids in plant-parasitic nematodes. We demonstrate that delivery of macromolecules to cyst and root knot nematode male germlines is difficult, but possible. Similarly, we demonstrate the delivery of oligonucleotides to root knot nematode gametes. Finally, we develop a transient expression system in plant-parasitic nematodes by demonstrating the delivery and expression of exogenous mRNA encoding various reporter genes throughout the body of H. schachtii juveniles using lipofectamine-based transfection. We anticipate these developments to be independently useful, will expedite the development of genetic modification tools for plant-parasitic nematodes, and ultimately catalyze research on a group of nematodes that threaten global food security.

The Status of Food Security in West Africa

1997 ◽  
pp. 2-13
Author(s):  
W. K. Asenso-Okyere ◽  
G. Benneh ◽  
W. Tims
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
The Status

Social protection and food security nexus in the Global South: empirical evidence from West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Junaid Ashraf ◽  
Tyrone De Alwis ◽  
Daniel E. Ufua ◽  
Evans Osabuohien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Global South

By-products of insect rearing: insect residues as biofertilizers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Adin Y. Bloukounon-Goubalan ◽  
Aliou Saïdou ◽  
Victor A. Clottey ◽  
Kalifa Coulibaly ◽  
Norbert Erokotan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
True Value ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
By Products

Abstract The chapter highlights the potential benefits associated with the use of insect-rearing residues as biofertilizers while exploring the mechanisms by which chitin in insect frass might control common crop pathogens. The potential benefits for soil fertility derived from the use of insect frass, comparison of quality of insect-derived biofertilizers and common organic and inorganic fertilizers and insect frass and plant health improvement are discussed. While more research is essential to understand the true value of insect-derived biofertilizers for plant and soil health, preliminary findings suggest there are significant opportunities for beneficial impacts in agriculture and horticulture to be realized.

scholarly journals The influence of minisett size and time of planting on the yield of seed yam (Dioscorea Rotundata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Beatrice Aighewi ◽  
Norbert Maroya ◽  
Djana Mignouna ◽  
Daniel Aihebhoria ◽  
Morufat Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Equivalent Area

AbstractIn traditional yam (Dioscorea spp.) production systems in West Africa, finding sole seed yam producers is rare and up to 30% of harvested tubers from the ware tuber crop is reserved to plant an equivalent area of the harvested crop during the next season. Many farmers typically must make a trade-off between food and seed in the use of available tubers. A study was carried out using a factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design to investigate the influence of planting different minisett sizes at different planting periods on the yield of seed yam with the aim of improving the availability of this expensive input and saving more ware tubers for food or sale. Results showed that by doubling or tripling the minisett size from 30 to 60 or 90  g, yields of seed yam increased by 61.1 and 103.3%, respectively. The 90 g minisetts had the highest values for all traits studied but had the least sett multiplication ratio. The early planted crop yielded 137% more than the late-planted crop. Significant interactions between minisett size, planting period and season were found. In 2016, although the highest yield of seed tubers was from early planted 90  g minisetts (35.6 t ha−1), the yield of early planted 30 g minisetts (23.8 t ha−1) was similar to those of 60 g planted mid-season (28.7 t ha−1) and 90 g planted late (20.0 t ha−1). To produce a high proportion of seed size tubers with less planting material, early planting of 30  g minisetts is recommended. Such practice will enhance seed tuber availability and food security by saving 1–2 t ha−1 of tubers that would have been used as seed instead of food.

Impact of Abstract Versus Concrete Conceptualization of Genetic Modification (GM) Technology on Public Perceptions

Risk Analysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghnaa Tallapragada ◽  
Bruce W. Hardy ◽  
Evan Lybrand ◽  
William K. Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Gm Technology

scholarly journals Genetic Modification of Animals: Potential benefits and concerns

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
David A. Mbah ◽  
Chi Lawrence Tawah ◽  
Magellan Guewo-Fokeng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Migration ◽  
La Modification ◽  
Gm Animals

Genetic modification (GM), a process whereby gene and genotype frequencies are changed among individuals of each generation, is driven by  natural and artificial forces. Natural forces include mutation, fitness and migration/introgression, while artificial forces include selection,  crossbreeding and transgenesis/genetic engineering. Genetic modification, driven by natural forces, is essentially adaptive, while modification driven by artificial forces is controlled by human intervention aimed at meeting food, health and other needs. Conventional genetic modification, under sexual reproduction within species, produces both beneficial and negative effects. Modern genetic modification – interspecific exchange of genes using genetic engineering – has beneficial and negative effects as well, which are at varying degrees depending on the species involved. Control/management systems/mechanisms are developed and applied to enable societal benefits while minimizing/preventing negative effects of conventional and modern genetic modification. Targeted analysis of selected nutrients in animal products is made on a case-by-case basis to test substantial equivalence of any compositional changes resulting from genetic modification. Unique identifiers are established to track GM animals and their products in the food chain. Modification génétique, processus par lequel les fréquences des gènes et des génotypes sont changes parmi les individus de chaque génération, est entraînée par des forces naturelles et artificielles. Les forces naturelles incluent la mutation, compétence de mère/père pour se  reproduire/survivre et la migration / introgression. Les forces artificielles comprennent la sélection, le croisement et la transgénèse / génie génétique. La modification génétique entraînée par les forces naturelles est essentiellement adaptative, tandis que celle entraînée par les forces artificielles est contrôlée par une intervention humaine visant à répondre aux besoins alimentaires, sanitaires et autres. La modification génétique conventionnelle, lors de la reproduction sexuelle au sein des espèces, produit des effets à la fois bénéfiques et négatifs. Modification génétique moderne - échange interspécifique de gènes par génie génétique - a également des effets bénéfiques et négatifs mais à des degrés divers selon les espèces impliquées. Des systèmes / mécanismes de contrôle / gestion sont développés et appliqués pour permettre des avantages pour la société tout en minimisant / empêchant les effets négatifs des modifications génétiques conventionnelles et modernes. Une analyse ciblée de nutriments sélectionnés dans les produits d’origine animale est effectuée au cas par cas afin de tester l’équivalence substantielle de tout changement de composition résultant d’une modification génétique. Des identifiants uniques sont établis pour suivre les animaux GM et leurs produits dans la chaîne alimentaire.

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