scholarly journals Occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in maize kernels and molecular characterization of the producing organism, Aspergillus

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (40) ◽  
pp. 5839-5844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Muthusamy ◽  
Karthikeyan Arumugam ◽  
Velazhahan Rethinasamy ◽  
Madhavan Srinivasan ◽  
Jayaraj Thangamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Maize Kernels

A Maize Lectin-Like Protein with Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. BAKER ◽  
R. L. BROWN ◽  
Z.-Y. CHEN ◽  
T. E. CLEVELAND ◽  
A. M. FAKHOURY
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Maize Kernels

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus causes an ear rot on maize and produces a mycotoxin (aflatoxin) in colonized maize kernels. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and animals upon ingestion. Aflatoxin contamination results in a large loss of profits and marketable yields for farmers each year. Several research groups have worked to pinpoint sources of resistance to A. flavus and the resulting aflatoxin contamination in maize. Some maize genotypes exhibit greater resistance than others. A proteomics approach has recently been used to identify endogenous maize proteins that may be associated with resistance to the fungus. Research has been conducted on cloning, expression, and partial characterization of one such protein, which has a sequence similar to that of cold-regulated proteins. The expressed protein, ZmCORp, exhibited lectin-like hem-agglutination activity against fungal conidia and sheep erythrocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR assays revealed that ZmCOR is expressed 50% more in maize kernels from the Mp420 line, a type of maize resistant to A. flavus, compared with the expression level of the gene in the susceptible B73 line. ZmCORp exhibited fungistatic activity when conidia from A. flavus were exposed to the protein at a final concentration of 18 mM. ZmCORp inhibited the germination of conidia by 80%. A 50% decrease in mycelial growth resulted when germinated conidia were incubated with the protein. The partial characterization of ZmCORp suggests that this protein may play an important role in enhancing kernel resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation.

scholarly journals Changes in Bacterial Endophyte Community Following Aspergillusflavus Infection in Resistant and Susceptible Maize Kernels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Rajtilak Majumdar ◽  
Shyam L. Kandel ◽  
Jeffrey W. Cary ◽  
Kanniah Rajasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Maize Kernels

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus)-mediated aflatoxin contamination in maize is a major global economic and health concern. As A. flavus is an opportunistic seed pathogen, the identification of factors contributing to kernel resistance will be of great importance in the development of novel mitigation strategies. Using V3–V4 bacterial rRNA sequencing and seeds of A. flavus-resistant maize breeding lines TZAR102 and MI82 and a susceptible line, SC212, we investigated kernel-specific changes in bacterial endophytes during infection. A total of 81 bacterial genera belonging to 10 phyla were detected. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Tenericutes comprised 86–99% of the detected phyla, followed by Proteobacteria (14%) and others (<5%) that changed with treatments and/or genotypes. Higher basal levels (without infection) of Streptomyces and Microbacterium in TZAR102 and increases in the abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Sphingomonas in MI82 following infection may suggest their role in resistance. Functional profiling of bacteria using 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed the presence of bacteria associated with the production of putative type II polyketides and sesquiterpenoids in the resistant vs. susceptible lines. Future characterization of endophytes predicted to possess antifungal/ anti-aflatoxigenic properties will aid in their development as effective biocontrol agents or microbiome markers for maize aflatoxin resistance.

1446: Molecular Characterization of Cyclooxygenase-2 in a Stimulated Prostate Stroma Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 467-467
Author(s):  
Victor K. Lin ◽  
Shih-Ya Wang ◽  
Claus G. Roehrbom
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Prostate Stroma

Molecular characterization of lincRNAs in Down syndrome associated leukemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Streltsov ◽  
S Emmrich ◽  
F Engeland ◽  
JH Klusmann
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Characterization
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