Genetic variation in the population of three Polish cattle breeds included into the programme of genetic resources protection and Holstein-Friesian breed, estimation on the basis of polymorphism of 24 microsatellite DNA sequences

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (77) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Holstein Friesian

scholarly journals Genetic variation and DNA fingerprinting of durian types in Malaysia using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ging Yang Siew ◽  
Wei Lun Ng ◽  
Sheau Wei Tan ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Alitheen ◽  
Soon Guan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence

Durian (Durio zibethinus) is one of the most popular tropical fruits in Asia. To date, 126 durian types have been registered with the Department of Agriculture in Malaysia based on phenotypic characteristics. Classification based on morphology is convenient, easy, and fast but it suffers from phenotypic plasticity as a direct result of environmental factors and age. To overcome the limitation of morphological classification, there is a need to carry out genetic characterization of the various durian types. Such data is important for the evaluation and management of durian genetic resources in producing countries. In this study, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to study the genetic variation in 27 durian types from the germplasm collection of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Based on DNA sequences deposited in Genbank, seven pairs of primers were successfully designed to amplify SSR regions in the durian DNA samples. High levels of variation among the 27 durian types were observed (expected heterozygosity, HE = 0.35). The DNA fingerprinting power of SSR markers revealed by the combined probability of identity (PI) of all loci was 2.3×10−3. Unique DNA fingerprints were generated for 21 out of 27 durian types using five polymorphic SSR markers (the other two SSR markers were monomorphic). We further tested the utility of these markers by evaluating the clonal status of shared durian types from different germplasm collection sites, and found that some were not clones. The findings in this preliminary study not only shows the feasibility of using SSR markers for DNA fingerprinting of durian types, but also challenges the current classification of durian types, e.g., on whether the different types should be called “clones”, “varieties”, or “cultivars”. Such matters have a direct impact on the regulation and management of durian genetic resources in the region.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of bulgarian livestock genetic resources, II: Microsatelite variation within and among Bulgarian cattle breeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teneva ◽  
E. Todorovska ◽  
N. Tyufekchiev ◽  
A. Stella ◽  
P. Boettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
High Level

This study was undertaken to determine the genetic structure and the diversity among 2 local cattle breeds from Bulgaria, the Rhodope Shorthorn and Grey cattle. A panel of 11 microsatellites was used for the evaluation. For these loci, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, HWE, genetic disequilibrium, genic differentiation were determined. Both populations displayed a relatively high level of genetic variation as estimated by allelic diversity and heterozygosity. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.5424 /SPS 115/ to 0.8983 /TGLA 227/ for the Rhodope population and 0.6333 /TGLA 53/ to 0.9333 /TGLA227/ for Grey cattle, with similar average values for the two groups - 0.7858 and 0.7757. These results clearly suggest that these breeds are suitable to preserve as a genetic resources.

Polymorphism of microsatellite DNA sequences in dogs Russian toy terrier and German dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
◽  
S. Kruhlyk ◽  
V. Spyrydonov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Microsatellite Dna

scholarly journals Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Aguiar ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Fatima Gomes ◽  
Jeferson Carneiro ◽  
Simoni Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The West ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
History Of

The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.

scholarly journals Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of Estonian Native cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. JÕUDU ◽  
M. HENNO ◽  
S. VÄRV
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Milk Coagulation

The genetic variation of ás1-, â- and ê-caseins and b-lactoglobulin was determined and their effects on the rennet coagulation properties were examined using 335 milk samples from 118 Estonian Native (EN) cows. We found 16 aggregate casein genotypes (ás1-, â-, ê-caseins), of which four . namely, BB A2A2 AA (21.2%), BB A1A2 AB (16.9%), BB A1A2 AA (14.4%), and BB A2A2 AB (10.2%) – occurred among nearly two-thirds of the analysed cows. Aggregate casein genotype had a significant overall effect on rennet coagulation parameters. Better rennet coagulation properties were found for aggregate casein genotypes CC A2A2 AB and BC A1A2 BB, among frequent genotypes for BB A1A2 AB. Of the cattle breeds raised in Estonia, milk from EN had the best coagulation properties and highest frequency of favourable ê-Cn B allele.;

Quantifying genetic variation at the molecular level

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Asher D. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Site Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Population Genetic Variation

Chapter 3, “Quantifying genetic variation at the molecular level,” introduces quantitative methods for measuring variation directly in DNA sequences to help decipher fundamental properties of populations and what they can tell us about evolution. It provides an overview of the evolutionary factors that contribute to genetic variation, like mutational input, effective population size, genetic drift, migration rate, and models of migration. This chapter surveys the principal ways to measure and summarize polymorphisms within a single population and across multiple populations of a species, including heterozygosity, nucleotide polymorphism estimators of θ‎, the site frequency spectrum, and F ST, and by providing illustrative natural examples. Populations are where evolution starts, after mutations arise as the spark of population genetic variation, and Chapter 3 describes how to quantify the variation to connect observations to predictions about how much polymorphism there ought to be under different circumstances.

scholarly journals Colostrum composition and immunoglobulin G content in dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne C Kessler ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier ◽  
Josef J Gross
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Immunoglobulins (Ig) are essential components in the colostrum of bovine species that enable passive immunization of newborn calves. Concentrations of fat and protein are greater in colostrum compared with mature milk and represent a vital source of energy and nutrients. Colostral IgG was shown to vary between individual dairy cows, but comparative data on different breeds and performance levels are scarce. The objective of the present field study was to investigate the contents of total IgG, fat, protein, and lactose in colostrum in different Swiss and German dairy and dual-purpose breeds. We collected colostrum samples of 458 cows of 13 different breeds (dairy breeds: Brown Swiss, Swiss and German Holstein Friesian, and New Zealand Holstein; dual-purpose breeds: German Fleckvieh, Holstein Friesian × Montbéliarde, Montbéliarde, Murnau-Werdenfels, Original Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Rhetic Gray, and Simmental; and beef-type crossbred: Charolais × Holstein Friesian). Colostrum samples were obtained between 5 and 900 min after calving and analyzed for total IgG, fat protein, and lactose contents. Immunoglobulin G concentrations varied between 12.7 and 204.0 mg/mL. No effect of breeding purpose (i.e., dairy or dual-purpose) nor of previous lactation yield on IgG content was observed. However, milking of cows for the first time later than 12 h after parturition resulted in lower colostrum IgG concentrations compared with colostrum harvest within 9 h after calving (P < 0.05). Multiparous cows had a higher colostral IgG concentration than primiparous cows (P < 0.0001). Overall, concentrations of IgG and other constituents in colostrum varied widely in the different cattle breeds. High-yielding dairy cows did not have poorer colostrum quality compared with lower-yielding animals or beef and dual-purpose breeds, which suggests an individually different transfer of circulating IgG into colostrum.

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