Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis d-exotoxins and b-endotoxins to Drosophila melanogaster, Ephestia kuhniella and human erythrocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Obeidat
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Ephestia Kühniella

scholarly journals Bacillus thuringiensis Bioinsecticides Induce Developmental Defects in Non-Target Drosophila melanogaster Larvae

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito ◽  
Aurélie Babin ◽  
Matthieu Pasco ◽  
Marylène Poirié ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Insecticidal Toxins ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Protein Rich

Bioinsecticides made from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the bestselling bioinsecticide worldwide. Among Bt bioinsecticides, those based on the strain Bt subsp. kurstaki (Btk) are widely used in farming to specifically control pest lepidopteran larvae. Although there is much evidence of the lack of acute lethality of Btk products for non-target animals, only scarce data are available on their potential non-lethal developmental adverse effects. Using a concentration that could be reached in the field upon sprayings, we show that Btk products impair growth and developmental time of the non-target dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the synergy between Btk bacteria and Btk insecticidal toxins. We further show that Btk bioinsecticides trigger intestinal cell death and alter protein digestion without modifying the food intake and feeding behavior of the larvae. Interestingly, these harmful effects can be mitigated by a protein-rich diet or by adding the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum into the food. Finally, we unravel two new cellular mechanisms allowing the larval midgut to maintain its integrity upon Btk aggression: First the flattening of surviving enterocytes and second, the generation of new immature cells arising from the adult midgut precursor cells. Together, these mechanisms participate to quickly fill in the holes left by the dying enterocytes.

scholarly journals The Drosophila melanogaster homologue of the human histo-blood group Pk gene encodes a glycolipid-modifying α1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

2004 ◽  
Vol 382 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján MUCHA ◽  
Jiří DOMLATIL ◽  
Günter LOCHNIT ◽  
Dubravko RENDIĆ ◽  
Katharina PASCHINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Glycan Receptors ◽  
Cloned Cdna ◽  
Crystal Toxin ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Insects express arthro-series glycosphingolipids, which contain an α1,4-linked GalNAc residue. To determine the genetic basis for this linkage, we cloned a cDNA (CG17223) from Drosophila melanogaster encoding a protein with homology to mammalian α1,4-glycosyltransferases and expressed it in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Culture supernatants from the transformed yeast were found to display a novel UDP-GalNAc:GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAcβ1-R α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity when using either a glycolipid, p-nitrophenylglycoside or an N-glycan carrying one or two terminal β-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. NMR and MS in combination with glycosidase digestion and methylation analysis indicate that the cloned cDNA encodes an α1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. We hypothesize that this enzyme and its orthologues in other insects are required for the biosynthesis of the N5a and subsequent members of the arthro-series of glycolipids as well as of N-glycan receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin Cry1Ac.

scholarly journals Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides induce developmental defects in non-target Drosophila melanogaster larvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito ◽  
Aurélie Babin ◽  
Matthieu Pasco ◽  
Marylène Poirié ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Insecticidal Toxins ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractBioinsecticides made from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the best-selling bioinsecticide worldwide. Among Bt bioinsecticides, those based on the strain Bt var. kurstaki (Btk) are widely used in farming to specifically control pest lepidopteran larvae. Although there is much evidence of the lack of acute lethality of Btk products for non-target animals, only scarce data are available on their potential non-lethal developmental adverse effects. Using doses that could be reached in the field upon sprayings, we have shown that Btk products impair growth and developmental time of the non-target dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. These effects are mediated by the synergy between Btk bacteria and Btk insecticidal toxins, which induces a significant apoptosis of larval enterocytes, resulting in a decreased intestinal capacity to digest proteins. The harmful effects can be mitigated by a protein-rich diet or by adding the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum into the food. Finally, we showed that the larval midgut maintain its integrity upon Btk aggression thanks to both the flattening of surviving enterocytes and the generation of new immature cells arising from the adult midgut precursor cells.

THE INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF DDT AND RELATED COMPOUNDS AGAINST DIFFERENT INSECT SPECIES

1948 ◽  
Vol 26d (5) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Browning ◽  
S. K. Shapiro ◽  
M. Dubrûle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Blatella Germanica ◽  
Ephestia Kühniella ◽  
Related Compounds

DDT and its fluoro- and methyl-analogues, its carbinol and carbinol acetate, and monochlor-DDT (1-(4-chIorophenyl)-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trichloroethane) were tested for contact insecticidal activity against two beetles (Calandra granaria and Tribolium confusum), a moth (Ephestia kuhniella), a plant bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus), and a cockroach (Blatella germanica).Fluoro-DDT showed specificity against the cockroach and carbinol-DDT against the plant bug. Comparisons with the results of earlier testing against Drosophila melanogaster justified its use as an indicator species.

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