scholarly journals Microspore derived embryo formation and doubled haploid plant production in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica) according to nutritional and environmental conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 12535-12541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Haeyoung ◽  
Hwang Guiyoung ◽  
Kwak Jung Ho ◽  
Koung Yoon Moo ◽  
Chun Changhoo
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

scholarly journals Suppression of Metacaspase- and Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death Improves Stress-Induced Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Berenguer ◽  
Elena A Minina ◽  
Elena Carneros ◽  
Ivett Bárány ◽  
Peter V Bozhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant

Abstract Microspore embryogenesis is a biotechnological process that allows us to rapidly obtain doubled-haploid plants for breeding programs. The process is initiated by the application of stress treatment, which reprograms microspores to embark on embryonic development. Typically, a part of the microspores undergoes cell death that reduces the efficiency of the process. Metacaspases (MCAs), a phylogenetically broad group of cysteine proteases, and autophagy, the major catabolic process in eukaryotes, are critical regulators of the balance between cell death and survival in various organisms. In this study, we analyzed the role of MCAs and autophagy in cell death during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus. We demonstrate that this cell death is accompanied by the transcriptional upregulation of three BnMCA genes (BnMCA-Ia, BnMCA-IIa and BnMCA-IIi), an increase in MCA proteolytic activity and the activation of autophagy. Accordingly, inhibition of autophagy and MCA activity, either individually or in combination, suppressed cell death and increased the number of proembryos, indicating that both components play a pro-cell death role and account for decreased efficiency of early embryonic development. Therefore, MCAs and/or autophagy can be used as new biotechnological targets to improve in vitro embryogenesis in Brassica species and doubled-haploid plant production in crop breeding and propagation programs.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Doubled Haploid Plant Production Via Maize Technique in Bread Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Antonios Koufalis ◽  
Evdokia Gouli-Vavdinoudi ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Doubled Haploid Plants ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Haploid Plants

Abstract The effect of two in planta factors (growth conditions, genotype) and two in vitro factors (time of embryo rescue, embryo rescue medium) on doubled haploid (DH) plant production in bread wheat via maize technique was investigated in nine F1 hybrids produced after crossing four bread wheat cultivars. During the first year one group of F1 plants was grown in a field and at the proper stage pollinated with maize pollen (sweet corn popu-lation). In parallel, a second group of F1 plants was grown in a growth chamber and pollinated as in the former group. In the second growing season the experiment was repeated but only field-grown plants were used. All the produced haploid embryos were cultured in three different media and the resulting 146 haploid plants were sub-sequently treated with aqueous solution of colchicine. Finally, 86 doubled haploid plants were obtained. We noted that the growing conditions of the parental plants and the intervening time between day of pollination and day of embryo rescue influenced the percentage of haploid embryo production. Culture medium also influenced haploid and doubled haploid plant production. The two media (MS/2, B5) were found equally effective. Most of the haploid embryos originated from the Penios × Acheloos cross, whereas most of the doubled haploid plants were produced from the KVZ × Penios cross. Doubled haploid plants were produced from all crosses.

EMBRYOGENESIS AND HAPLOID PLANT PRODUCTION FROM ANTHER CULTURE OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. CHIANG ◽  
S. FRECHETTE ◽  
C. G. KUO ◽  
CALVIN CHONG ◽  
S. J. DELAFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Embryo Yield

Thirteen out of nineteen single plant cabbage (Brassica oleracea) selections from a clubroot-resistant breeding population with known variation in glucosinolate composition yielded embryos from cultured anthers. The highest embryo yield was obtained with a line that contained the lowest content of total glucosinolates and which was free of the glucosinolate hydrolysis product, goitrin. Of 191 regenerants examined from five selections, 23 haploids, 105 diploids, 162 tetraploids, and 1 aneuploid were identified.Key words: Tissue culture, glucosinolates, clubroot, cabbage, embryo, haploid

scholarly journals Improvements of doubled haploid production protocol for white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Rudolf Pilih ◽  
Urška Karolina Potokar ◽  
Borut Bohanec
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Protocols leading to the development of doubled haploid (DH) lines by microspore culture are widely used in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), but efficiency varies according to the cultivar and induction procedure. Forty different genotypes consisting of F1 cultivars and their crosses with responsive doubled haploid lines were tested to evaluate the androgenic response. In total, 20,032 embryos were produced. On average, the haploid induction response of F1 cultivars was 7.0 embryos/Petri dish, but the average of these hybrids crossed to responsive DH lines was 26.6 embryos/Petri dish. In seven reciprocal crosses, a difference was observed in just one, meaning that the maternal effect probably has a minor influence on haploid embryogenesis in cabbage. Addition of 0.02% activated charcoal (AC) to the induction media increased embryo formation in several low-responsive genotypes, but its effect on embryo formation of high-responsive genotypes was predominantly negative, although larger embryos were formed on media containing AC than without AC. Further development into plantlets was tested by two procedures. Formed embryos were either transferred directly to regeneration medium or treated with abscisic acid and desiccated for 4 weeks. Regrowth and further development reached on average 15.5 and 57.6%, for the first and second procedures, respectively. Plantlets developed by direct transfer often exhibited abnormal development or hyperhydricity, unlike the desiccated embryos. Spontaneous diploidisation of embryos reached 42.5% in total and was not affected by AC added to the induction media.

scholarly journals Using Self-compatible Inbreds of Broccoli as Seed Producers

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Howard F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Selfed Seed ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Relative Productivity

The discovery that broccoli (Brassicaoleracea L., Italica Group) sprouts contain high levels of sulforaphane, a constituent that may provide chemoprotection against certain carcinogens, has stimulated much interest in seed production of this crop. Studies were undertaken to determine the potential for producing broccoli seed using self-compatible selections from open-pollinated (OP) populations or doubled-haploid (DH) programs. In all outdoor and greenhouse trials, three OP selections and seven DH lines produced selfed seed, but seed weight per plant and number per plant varied significantly among the entries. In all environments there were individuals with relatively high (i.e., >3 g/plant) production that were significantly different from low (i.e., <2 g/plant) producers. The relative productivity of some lines varied greatly between experiments, which indicates that seed production of particular genotypes is affected differently by environmental conditions. This indicates the importance of identifying lines that are high producers of selfed seed across different environments. Two OP cultivar-derived lines (USVL102 and USVL104) and two DH lines (USVL062 and USVL093) were identified that consistently produced relatively high yields in greenhouse and screen cage trials. These lines are good candidates for evaluating seed production in field tests and as possible sources of seed for sprouting.

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