scholarly journals Interaction effect between Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici on selected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gedefaw Kassie Yitayih ◽  
Yesuf Mohamed ◽  
Seid Ebrahim Awol
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

scholarly journals Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidative Defense Responses of Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars after Co-Infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Maqsood ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Hussain Altaf ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) and the nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) are destructive pathogens that cause substantial yield losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops worldwide. The present study sought to elucidate the physiological, biochemical, and cytological responses of tomato cultivars (Gailing maofen 802 and Zhongza 09) by root invasion of Fo (1 × 105 CFUmL−1) and Mi (1500 second-stage juveniles (J2) alone and in combination after 14 days. Results revealed that combined inoculation of Fo and Mi significantly increased disease intensity, electrolyte leakage, and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents; and decreased photosynthetic capacity and enzyme activity in both cultivars as compared to their solo inoculation. Increasing the disease intensity reduced the maximum morphological traits, such as shoot length, total dry weight, and total chlorophyll contents, in G. maofen 802 (by 32%, 54.2%, and 52.3%, respectively) and Zhongza 09 (by 18%, 32%, and 21%, respectively) as compared to the control. Others factors were also reduced in G. maofen 802 and Zhongza 09, such as photosynthetic capacity (by 70% and 57%, respectively), stomatal conductance (by 86% and 70%, respectively), photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (YII) (by 36.6% and 29%, respectively), and electron transport rate (by 17.7% and 10%, respectively), after combined inoculation of Fo and Mi. Furthermore, the combined infestation of Fo and Mi resulted in reduced activity of plant-defense-related antioxidants in G. maofen 802 compared with their single application or control. However, these antioxidants were highly up-regulated in Zhongza 09 (by 59%–93%), revealing the induction of tolerance against studied pathogens. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results further demonstrated that root cells of Zhongza 09 had unique tetrahedral crystal-like structures in the membrane close to mitochondria under all treatments except control. Therefore, it is concluded that Mi caused severe root damage, suppressed plant growth, depleted antioxidants, and caused high generation of ROS in the presence of Fo as compared to its solo inoculation. Tolerant cultivars adopted different mechanistic strategies at the structural and cellular levels to tolerate the Mi and Fo stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of Individual, Simultaneous and Sequential Inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Meloidogyne incognita on Growth, Biochemical, Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Ahmed Noureldeen ◽  
Mohd Asif ◽  
Taruba Ansari ◽  
Faryad Khan ◽  
Mohammad Shariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Defensive Enzymes ◽  
Sequential Inoculation ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants

This study was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. K-21) to investigate the bioprotective nature of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its interactive effects with Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth biomarkers, changes in biochemical attributes and modulation in antioxidant enzymes of the tomato plant. In this study, we grew tomato plants with M. incognita and P. fluorescens in separate pots, simultaneously and sequentially (15 days prior or post) after 15 days of seed sowing. The sequential inoculation of Mi15→Pf maximally increased the root-knot index and decreased the nematode population. It was also noted that inoculation suppressed the plant growth biomarkers in comparison to control. However, maximum suppression in nematode reproduction and increment in growth and physiological attributes were observed when P. fluorescens was applied 15 days prior to the nematode (Pf15→Mi) as compared to control. All the treatments showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Expression of phenol content and defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, in contrast to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents when compared with the untreated inoculated plants. However, the highest levels of POX and SOD, and a lowest of phenol, MDA and H2O2 were displayed in the treatment Pf15→Mi, followed by Mi+Pf and Mi15→Pf.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Solanum lycopersicum L. (Tomato) Leaves in Alapoti, Ogun State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tolulope S. Ewekeye ◽  
Adegboyega C. Odebode
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Ogun State

Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is an essential vegetable crop consumed worldwide. Major limiting factors in its production include fungal foliar diseases. Therefore, this work was aimed at investigating the fungi associated with diseased tomato leaves. Infected leaf samples (3 per plant, 30 plants per farm) of Kerewa variety were randomly collected at the expression of disease symptoms from 3 farms in Alapoti, Ogun State. Samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar for fungal isolation. All isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic features. Pathogenicity test was conducted based on Koch’s postulates. Identified symptoms on the leaf samples were chlorosis, leaf spot and wilt. Fungi isolated from diseased tomato leaves were Aspergillus aculeatus, A. niger, A. tamarii, A. ustus, A. versicolor, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phialophora melinii, Phomopsis sp. and Trichodema asperellum. Fusarium oxysporum and Phomopsis sp. were found to be the causal organisms of the leaf infections. Due to the effect of the leaf diseases of the overall productivity of tomato, it is important to put in place adequate control measures to mitigate the effect of the diseases.

scholarly journals Especies nativas de Trichoderma spp. y su actividad antagónica contra Meloidogyne incognita en Solanum lycopersicum L.

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Jiram Ivan Cetz Chi ◽  
Jairo Cristóbal Alejo ◽  
José María Tún Suárez ◽  
Fernando Antonio Peraza Luna ◽  
Juan Candelero De la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

En condiciones protegidas, se evaluó el potencial antagónico de cinco especies nativas de Trichoderma; T. harzianum (Th02-04), T. harzianum (Th10-D86), T. simmonsi (Th33-58), T. virens (Th33-59) y T. virens  (Th26-52), especies comerciales y un testigo sin inoculantes fúngicos, distribuidas en un diseño completamente al azar y cuatro repeticiones en plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), inoculadas con tres aplicaciones de 1 x106 conidias ml-1. Se inocularon 18, 500 huevos de M. incognita y 10 ml con la concentración inicial de las conidias fúngicas, con aplicaciones al momento, a los ocho y 15 días después del trasplante. El producto comercial y las especies T. virens (Th26-52 y Th3359) lograron disminuir hasta 22% la formación de agallas, 87 y 52.39% de inhibición de producción de formación de hembras por gramo de raíz. El control de estas especies contra el nematodo favoreció el mejor crecimiento vegetativo de las plantas.

scholarly journals Comparación de métodos de inoculación de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen, causante del marchitamiento vascular del tomate

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (167) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Cardona-Piedrahita ◽  
Jairo Castaño-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), la hortaliza de mayor importancia en Colombia y en el mundo, es atacada por numerosas enfermedades, entre ellas la marchitez vascular causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. La enfermedad produce pérdidas entre el 21 y el 47 % en cultivos en exposición libre y bajo cubierta. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar cuatro métodos de inoculación del hongo en plántulas de tomate Sweet Million obtenidas a partir de semilla, sembradas en turba canadiense estéril y medio Murashige &Skoog (MS) y conservadas en condiciones controladas en el Laboratorio de Tejidos Vasculares y del cuarto de termoterapia de la Universidad de Caldas donde se seleccionaron 25 plántulas por cada método de inoculación. Los tratamientos fueron: inyección en la corona de la raíz (T1), inmersión de las raíces (T2), disco de agar en la corona de la raíz (T3) e inoculación in vitro (T4). En la incidencia final de la enfermedad, así como las pruebascomparativas de Duncan, se registraron diferencias significativas (p≤0,001) entre los diferentes métodos de inoculación. La única metodología que produjo el 100 % de incidencia del marchitamiento vascular en un menor periodo de incubación fue la inoculación in vitro. La mayor tasa de desarrollo (r) del marchitamiento vascular se reportó con el método de inoculación in vitro con una tasa de r=0,92, seguido por los discos de agar, la inmersión y la inyección, siendo estas dos últimas las de menor tasa de desarrollo. El método de inoculación in vitro puede ser útil para la selección masiva de materiales de tomate promisorios contra la marchitez vascular. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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