scholarly journals Screening of some rice varieties and landraces cultivated in Nigeria for drought tolerance based on phenotypic traits and their association with SSR polymorphism

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 2599-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azubuike Afiukw Celestine ◽  
Olaoye Faluyi Julius ◽  
John Atkinson Christopher ◽  
Ewa Ubi Benjamin ◽  
Okechukwu Igwe David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ssr Polymorphism

scholarly journals Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Melandri ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Kristýna Floková ◽  
Diaan C. Jamar ◽  
Han Asard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation

Abstract Main conclusions Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. Abstract A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.

scholarly journals Selection of drought-tolerant rice varieties from the rice variety bank of Can Tho university

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Tin Q. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Rice Improvement

Drought has been a big problem and damaged seriously to rice cultivation and production in Vietnam and the Mekong Delta region; evaluating drought tolerance of rice is a major objective for the rice improvement programmes in Can Tho University. Fifty-two collected rice varieties including resistant and susceptible control varieties were screened for water stress under the artificial drought condition. Marker RM223 was used to identify the drought tolerance genotypes for some selected varieties with good and moderate tolerant scores. After 30 days of water stress, the results were 6 varieties of good tolerant, 8 varieties of moderate tolerance, 36 varieties of moderately susceptible and 2 varieties of susceptible to drought. Analyses of PCR showed that 10 varieties expressed the similar bands with the resistant control variety. Four varieties (LH8, MTL812, Lua Canh and VB1) with good tolerant to drought were recommended to use for genetic materials of rice breeding program and applying in alternative wetting and drying irrigation technique for rice cultivation.

High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Rigyan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the root system in two Brazilian upland rice varieties which exhibit contrasting behavior towards drought tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Leandro Martins Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Cristiana Maia de Oliveira ◽  
Leilson Novaes Arruda ◽  
Renan Pinto Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Drought tolerance of local dryland rice varieties from the far western Santa Catarina, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e55310817705
Author(s):  
Otavio Rechsteiner Maghelly ◽  
Juliana Bernardi Ogliari ◽  
Francisco Wilson Reichert Junior ◽  
Nuno de Campos Filho ◽  
Rosenilda de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Drought is the main factor of abiotic stress in dryland rice cultivation, responsible for considerable productivity losses and grain quality damages, as well as genetic erosion of local varieties of this crop. The use of indices in the drought tolerance estimation in grains of this crop is acquiring importance for its advantages in the operationalization of tests of comparison between genotypes and their effectiveness in the differentiation of responses to drought stress. Among local dryland varieties of rice preserved by small-scale farmers in far western Santa Catarina, different responses to drought tolerance are expected. The identification of these differential responses is important in the context of agrobiodiversity conservation, genetic improvement, and as an alternative to the effects of climate changes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate thirty-four local varieties of dryland rice from far western Santa Catarina regarding drought tolerance. For this aim, this work used the DTD (Drought Tolerance Degree) methodology. Fifteen varieties showed greater resistance when submitted to a water restriction level of 10% in water moisture. On the other hand, six varieties were more resistant to moderate stress (20%). Finally, three varieties were among the most resistant in the two applied stress levels.

scholarly journals Emerging Molecular Strategies for Improving Rice Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Giri ◽  
Swarup K. Parida ◽  
Saurabh Raghuvanshi ◽  
Akhilesh K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract:: Rice occupies a pre-eminent position as a food crop in the world. Its production, however, entails up to 3000 liters of water per kilogram of grain produced. Such high demand makes rice prone to drought easily. Sustainable rice cultivation with limited water resources requires the deployment of a suitable strategy for better water use efficiency and improved drought tolerance. Several drought-related genes have been evaluated in rice for their mode of action in conferring drought tolerance. Manipulation of components of abscisic acid signal transduction, stomatal density, deposition of cuticular wax, and protein modification pathways are emerging as priority targets. Gene reprogramming by microRNAs is also being explored to achieve drought tolerance. Genetically dissected Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and their constituent genes are being deployed to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Progressive research and challenges include a better understanding of crucial components of drought response and search for new targets, along with the deployment of improved varieties in the field.

scholarly journals Application of Pedimap — a pedigree visualization tool — to facilitate the decisioning of rice breeding in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G.R.G. Rathnayake ◽  
S.M. Sahibdeen ◽  
U.A.K.S. Udawela ◽  
C.K. Weebadde ◽  
W.M.W. Weerakoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Genomic Characterization

ABSTRACTThe development of rice cultivars with desirable traits is essential. The decision-making is a crucial step in rice breeding programs. The breeders can make efficient and pragmatic decisions if an organized pedigree visualization platform is available for the material of the rice breeding germplasm. The staple food in Sri Lanka is rice, and there is a great demand for improved varieties with high yield and other promising traits. In the present study, the available data of all the rice varieties released by Rice Research and Development Institute, Sri Lanka, and the related landraces and genotypes were arranged in Pedimap, a pedigree visualization tool. Pedimap can showcase pedigree relationships, phenotypic, and molecular data. The Identity by Descent (IBD) probabilities were calculated using FlexQTL software and included in the Pedimap database. The parentage selection based on the variations of phenotypic traits, selection of marker alleles for molecular breeding, and detection of the founders of genetic effects can be swiftly conducted using Pedimap. However, the power of harnessing the value of Pedimap for making breeding decisions relies on the availability of data for the traits, markers, and genomic sequences. Thus, it is imperative to characterize the breeding germplasms using standard phenomic and genomic characterization procedures before organized into Pedimap. Thereby, the worldwide breeding programs can benefit from each other to produce improved varieties to meet global challenges.

scholarly journals Assessment of the genetic diversity and population structure of groundnut germplasm collections using phenotypic traits and SNP markers: Implications for drought tolerance breeding

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259883
Author(s):  
Seltene Abady ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Pasupuleti Janila ◽  
Shasidhar Yaduru ◽  
Admire I. T. Shayanowako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Germplasm Collections

Profiling the genetic composition and relationships among groundnut germplasm collections is essential for the breeding of new cultivars. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic diversity and population structure among 100 improved groundnut genotypes using agronomic traits and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The genotypes were evaluated for agronomic traits and drought tolerance at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)/India across two seasons. Ninety-nine of the test genotypes were profiled with 16363 SNP markers. Pod yield per plant (PY), seed yield per plant (SY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by genotype × environment interaction effects. Genotypes ICGV 07222, ICGV 06040, ICGV 01260, ICGV 15083, ICGV 10143, ICGV 03042, ICGV 06039, ICGV 14001, ICGV 11380, and ICGV 13200 ranked top in terms of pod yield under both drought-stressed and optimum conditions. PY exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation with SY, HI, and total biomass (TBM) under both test conditions. Based on the principal component (PC) analysis, PY, SY, HSW, shelling percentage (SHP), and HI were allocated in PC 1 and contributed to the maximum variability for yield under the two water regimes. Hence, selecting these traits could be successful for screening groundnut genotypes under drought-stressed and optimum conditions. The model-based population structure analysis grouped the studied genotypes into three sub-populations. Dendrogram for phenotypic and genotypic also grouped the studied 99 genotypes into three heterogeneous clusters. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 98% of the total genetic variation was attributed to individuals, while only 2% of the total variance was due to variation among the subspecies. The genetic distance between the Spanish bunch and Virginia bunch types ranged from 0.11 to 0.52. The genotypes ICGV 13189, ICGV 95111, ICGV 14421, and ICGV 171007 were selected for further breeding based on their wide genetic divergence. Data presented in this study will guide groundnut cultivar development emphasizing economic traits and adaptation to water-limited agro-ecologies, including in Ethiopia.

Effect of PEG mediated water stress on solute accumulation, relative water content, biomass and antioxidant enzymes in rice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadevi Kundur ◽  
Papi Reddy Reddy T. ◽  
Manohar Rao.T.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relative Water

In rice, several cultivated and upland varieties need to be assessed and analyzed for drought tolerance traits which could be used in screening and breeding programs for drought tolerance. Hence, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of water deficits in two rice cultivars and thereby analyze the role of several physiological traits useful in rice breeding programs for drought tolerance. The rice varieties Tellahamsa (TH) and N22 were screened for tolerance to drought. A comparative study was done subjecting them to PEG mediated water stress. Accumulation of solutes, i.e., proline, total free aminoacids and sugars; biomass production, Relative Water Content (RWC) and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz., Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Reductase(GR), and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) were analyzed in response to water stress. Maximum proline accumulation was seen within 24hrs of stress, after 10 days TH decreased its proline to one-third, whereas in N22 doubled. Although amino acids doubled within 24hrs, gradually they depleted in N22. This may be due to conversion of aminoacids into proline which could be the most compatible solute. Sugars increased within 24hrs, but were depleted in 10days in both. In TH, the shoot and root biomass decreased, whereas in N22 there was a significant increase in root biomass. Shoot and root RWC of N22 was higher than TH under stress. GR increased in both TH and N22, APX and SOD increased only in N22. Proline accumulation, increase of root biomass and antioxidant enzymes such as APX or SOD during water stress are contributing to drought tolerance and could be used in screening for drought tolerance.

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