scholarly journals Mitigation effect of dry spells in Sahelian rainfed agriculture: Case study of supplemental irrigation in Burkina Faso

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1863-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaim Doto Vivien ◽  
Yacouba Hamma ◽  
Niang Dial ◽  
Lahmar Rabah ◽  
Kossi Agbossou Euloge
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Dry Spells

scholarly journals A Quantitative Evaluation of the Multiple Narratives of the Recent Sahelian Regreening*

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Stith ◽  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
John del Corral ◽  
Susana Adamo ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Second Category ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A spatial analysis is presented that aims to synthesize the evidence for climate and social dimensions of the “regreening” of the Sahel. Using an independently constructed archival database of donor-funded interventions in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in response to the persistence of drought in the 1970s and 1980s, the spatial distribution of these interventions is examined in relation to population density and to trends in precipitation and in greenness. Three categories of environmental change are classified: 1) regions at the northern grassland/shrubland edge of the Sahel where NDVI varies interannually with precipitation, 2) densely populated cropland regions of the Sahel where significant trends in precipitation and NDVI decouple at interannual time scales, and 3) regions at the southern savanna edge of the Sahel where NDVI variation is independent of precipitation. Examination of the spatial distribution of environmental change, number of development projects, and population density brings to the fore the second category, covering the cropland areas where population density and regreening are higher than average. While few, regions in this category coincide with emerging hotspots of regreening in northern Burkina Faso and southern central Niger known from case study literature. In examining the impact of efforts to rejuvenate the Sahelian environment and livelihoods in the aftermath of the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s against the backdrop of a varying and uncertain climate, the transition from desertification to regreening discourses is framed in the context of adaptation to climate change.

Adapting to climate change for food security in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia: supplemental irrigation, plant density and sowing date

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MULUNEH ◽  
L. STROOSNIJDER ◽  
S. KEESSTRA ◽  
B. BIAZIN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Improve Food Security ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

SUMMARYStudies on climate impacts and related adaptation strategies are becoming increasingly important to counteract the negative impacts of climate change. In Ethiopia, climate change is likely to affect crop yields negatively and therefore food security. However, quantitative evidence is lacking about the ability of farm-level adaptation options to offset the negative impacts of climate change and to improve food security. The MarkSim Global Climate Model weather generator was used to generate projected daily rainfall and temperature data originally taken from the ECHAM5 general circulation model and ensemble mean of six models under high (A2) and low (B1) emission scenarios. The FAO AquaCrop model was validated and subsequently used to predict maize yields and explore three adaptation options: supplemental irrigation (SI), increasing plant density and changing sowing date. The maximum level of maize yield was obtained when the second level of supplemental irrigation (SI2), which is the application of irrigation water when the soil water depletion reached 75% of the total available water in the root zone, is combined with 30 000 plants/ha plant density. It was also found that SI has a marginal effect in good rainfall years but using 94–111 mm of SI can avoid total crop failure in drought years. Hence, SI is a promising option to bridge dry spells and improve food security in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia. Expected longer dry spells during the shorter rainy season (Belg) in the future are likely to further reduce maize yield. This predicted lower maize production is only partly compensated by the expected increase in CO2 concentration. However, shifting the sowing period of maize from the current Belg season (mostly April or May) to the first month of the longer rainy season (Kiremt) (June) can offset the predicted yield reduction. In general, the present study showed that climate change will occur and, without adaptation, will have negative effects. Use of SI and shifting sowing dates are viable options for adapting to the changes, stabilizing or increasing yield and therefore improving food security for the future.

Using Improved Varieties of Pearl Millet in Rainfed Agriculture in Response to Climate Change: A Case Study in the Tillabéri Region in Niger

2017 ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdourahamane Tankari Dan-badjo ◽  
Halima Oumarou Diadie ◽  
Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto ◽  
Carlo Semita ◽  
Elena Isotta Cristofori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Improved Varieties

Would Rainfed Agriculture Be the Right Option Under Climate Change Scenarios? A Case Study from Centro Region of Portugal

2018 ◽  
pp. 391-418
Author(s):  
Albano Figueiredo ◽  
Carolina Alves ◽  
Joaquim Patriarca ◽  
Andreia Saavedra Cardoso ◽  
Paula Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
The Right
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