scholarly journals Negative effect of three commonly used seed treatment chemicals on biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 2588-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sivparsad B. ◽  
Chiuraise N. ◽  
D. Laing M. ◽  
J. Morris M.
Author(s):  
Marcelo Laranjeira Pimentel ◽  
Henara Valéria Miranda Castro ◽  
Mike Kirixi Munduruku ◽  
Larissa Conceição Cunha Ponte ◽  
Deyvielen Maria Ramos Alves ◽  
...  

The use of fungi in seed treatment can improve the plant's physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of bean seeds. The experiment was set up and conducted in the forest seed laboratory of the Federal University of Western Para, in a randomized design, using 4 procedures on the basis of a colony forming unit (CFU): T1 (0 CFU), T2 (4 x 109 CFU), T3 (8 x 109 CFU) and T4 (12 x 109 CFU), with 5 repetitions. Germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), hypocotyl length (HL) and radicle length (RL) were evaluated as variables. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and the averages were compared using the Tukey test (p≤0.05), in addition to the regression analysis, using the Minitab© version 18 statistical software. There were differences between the germination percentage tests, in which T2 obtained 100% of germinated seeds, for GSI it was observed that T2 and T3 were equal and superior to the other treatments, while for RL T1 and T2 obtained the best results, however, for HL there were no statistical differences between treatments. T2 was more efficient in the physiological quality of seeds to germination percentage and germination speed index


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V. A. Katsan ◽  
A.I. Potopalsky ◽  
B.O. Zadorozhnii

Aim. The investigation of the influence of the constituents of Izatison, DMSO and PEG400, on the oat growth and its grain productivity during 2 generations after the seed treatment became the aim of this study for the elucidation of mechanism of Izatison stimulant influence. Methods. The broad scale of the concentrations of the solvents composition in the proportion, to be as in Izatison, was used. The plants were grown in the field. The growth processes were evaluated by the stem height on the tubing stage. The grain productivity was characterized by the panicle length, the grains number in the panicle and of theirs weight. Results. The dependence of influence of the solvents composition on the stem growth from its concentration was detected in the first generation. In some variants the negative influence was revealed on the grains number in the panicle and on theirs weight. The stimulation of the growth regardless from the solvents concentration was observed in the second generation and the more pronounced negative effect on the grain productivity. Conclusions. The solvents DMSO and PEG400 are able to influence on the oat growth and its productivity, and that effect was manifested also in 2 generation after the seed treatment. Keywords: Izatison, DMSO, PEG400, oat growth and grain productivity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. C. Carvalho ◽  
Murillo Lobo Junior ◽  
Irene Martins ◽  
Peter W. Inglis ◽  
Sueli C. M. Mello

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Davis ◽  
W. W. Bockus

Pythium spp. have been reported to reduce stands and cause stalk rot of grain sorghum. Evidence is presented that it also can cause a serious seed and root rot in the field under a continuous grain sorghum production system. Experiments were conducted for 4 years in a field that had been cropped continuously to grain sorghum for at least 10 years. Effects of seed treatments with captan and metalaxyl on plant stands, early to mid-season plant vigor, and grain yields were evaluated. In five field experiments, seed treatment with metalaxyl (73 g a.i./100 kg) increased grain yields by an average of 24.0% compared with nontreated seed. In three out of four field experiments, seed treatment with metalaxyl increased grain yields by an average of 13.1% above seed treated with captan (73 g a.i./100 kg). The yield increases could not always be explained in terms of differences among treatments in plant stands or in visual estimates of the amount of top growth 26 to 72 days after sowing. Apparently, the Pythium sp. causes a chronic root and seed rot that has a significant negative effect on grain production without necessarily affecting stands or early to mid-season growth. P. ultimum var. ultimum was the fungus most commonly isolated from roots and seeds collected from the field. Tests for Koch's postulates conducted in a greenhouse verified it as the causal organism. In the greenhouse, treatment with metalaxyl protected seeds and roots from attack by P. ultimum var. ultimum for at least 28 days after planting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
В.Н. Зеленков ◽  
В.В. Латушкин ◽  
В.В. Потапов ◽  
М.И. Иванова ◽  
Б.И. Сандухадзе ◽  
...  

Исследование посвящено изучению некоторых нанотехнологических аспектов применения гидротермального нанокремнезема для получения нового функционального продукта питания – микрозелени растений (на примере озимой пшеницы). В методическом плане поднимается вопрос об использовании этапа получения пророщенных семян выращивания микрозелени с помощью нанобиотехнологий в темновом варианте без дополнительного искусственного освещения. Обработка семян гидротермальным нанокремнеземом в концентрациях 0,1 и 0,01% способствовала увеличению всхожести семян на 5–6%, средней высоты ростков (микрозелени) на 11,3–11,9%, биомассы растений на 11,0% (0,1%-ный раствор) и 17,6% (0,01%). Более низкие концентрации (0,001 и 0,0001%) мало влияли на изменение посевных свойств семян и рост сеянцев, высокие (1%) оказывали отрицательное воздействие (всхожесть снижалась на 4%, а высота ростков на 14%). Показано, что для повышения всхожести семян на первых этапах при выращивании микрозелени озимой пшеницы в темновом режиме без дополнительного подсвечивания перспективно использование гидротермального нанокремнезема для обработки семян в концентрации 0,01%, а также 0,1%. Обработка нанокремнеземом с разными концентрациями приводит к возрастанию накопления кремния в ростках в 1,5–2 раза по сравнению с контролем. Содержание фосфора, серы, магния, натрия в ростках оставалось относительно стабильным. Содержание кальция возрастало в варианте использования кремнезема 0,01% концентрации, калия – в варианте 0,0001%. Отмечено повышение содержания цинка и меди при обработке семян пшеницы водными золями нанокремнезема в варианте 0,001 %. The research is devoted to study certain nanotechnological aspects of hydrothermal nanosilica applications for obtaining a new functional food product called microgreens (as exemplified by winter wheat). In terms of methodology a question is raised concerning use of the stage when the seeds germinate for further growth of microgreens with the aid of nanotechnologies in a dark mode without additional artificial lightning. Treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.01% contributed to an increase in seed germination by 5–6%, the average sprout height (microgreens) by 11.3–11.9% and plant biomass by 11.0% (0.1 % solution) and 17.6% (0.01 %). The lower concentrations (0.001% and 0.0001%) had little effect on the change in the sowing properties of seeds and the growth of seedlings while the higher concentrations (1%) produced a negative effect (germination decreased by 4%, and the height of sprouts by 14%). It has been shown that for improving seed germination at the first stages, when growing microgreens of winter wheat in the dark mode without additional illumination, it is promising to use hydrothermal nanosilica for seed treatment at a concentration of 0.01%, as well as 0.1%. Treatment with nanosilica at different concentrations leads to the higher accumulation of silicon in the sprouts by 1.5–2 times compared to the control samples. The content of phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium and sodium in the sprouts remained relatively stable. The calcium content increased in the case of using silica of 0.01% concentration, potassium - in the case of 0.0001%. An increase in the content of zinc and copper was noted during the treatment of wheat seeds with aqueous sols of nanosilica in the variant 0.001%.


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ehteshamul-Haque ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar

Seed treatment of soybean with <i>Bndyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> significantly controlled the infection of 30-day-old seedlingsby <i>Maerophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. In 60-day-old plants <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.. and <i>B. japonicum</i> inhibited the grouth of <i>R. solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp., whereas the use of <i>B. japonicum</i> (TAL-102) with <i>T. harzianum. T. viride, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> controlled the infection by <i>M. phaseolina. Greater grain yield was recorded when B. <i>japonium</i> (TAI-102) was used with <i>T. hamatum</i>.


2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
Sueli Corrêa Marques de Mello ◽  
Murillo Lobo Júnior ◽  
Alaerson Maia Geraldine

The objective of this work was to evaluate isolates of Trichoderma harzianum regarding biocontrol of common bean seed-borne pathogens, plant growth promotion, and rhizosphere competence. Five isolates of T. harzianum were evaluated and compared with commercial isolate (Ecotrich), Carboxin+Thiram, and an absolute control. Bean seeds of the cultivar Jalo Precoce, contaminated with Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were microbiolized with antagonists, and seed health tests were carried out. Isolates were evaluated on autoclaved substrate and in field conditions. Ten days after sowing (DAS), plant length was measured. To test rhizosphere competence, isolates were applied in boxes containing autoclaved washed sand, and root colonization was evaluated at 10 DAS, using five plants per box. The most effective isolates in the seed health tests were: CEN287 and CEN289 to control Aspergillus; the commercial isolate to control Cladosporium; and CEN287 and CEN316 to control S. sclerotiorum. Isolates CEN289 and CEN290 promoted bean growth in greenhouse and field. Seed treatment with T. harzianum reduces the incidence of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and S. sclerotiorum in 'Jalo Precoce' common bean seeds.


1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleed S. Ahmad ◽  
Ralph Baker

Seed treatment with conidia of rhizosphere-competent mutants of Trichoderma harzianum reduced the incidence of preemergence damping-off of barley, cucumber, pea, radish, and tomato induced by Pythium ultimum. Wild-type parents of these mutants were less effective in control. When rhizosphere-competent mutants were applied to seed or when a peat-bran preparation was added to soil, the resulting plants produced significantly higher fruit weight and higher dry weights than those treated with rhizosphere-incompetent wild types and controls. Seed treatment with mutants increased the incidence of emergence and resultant plant growth was significantly (P = 0.05) better than when mutant strains were added to soil in peat–bran. There was, however, no significant (P = 0.05) difference between the two types of application of the wild types. When cucumber seeds, treated with a T. harzianum rhizosphere-competent mutant (T-95) or its parent wild type (WT), were sown in raw soil kept under constant matric potential with no additional water added, the roots grew 8 cm in 8 days. Untreated seeds produced roots 7 cm long. Fewer colony-forming units of P. ultimum per milligram were isolated from rhizosphere soil of the T-95 treated seedlings than in the untreated controls and those treated with WT. Pythium ultimum was not detected in the 8th cm (farthest from seed) root segment of T-95 treated seeds, whereas the last centimetre of root segment from untreated and WT-treated seeds yielded 3000 colony-forming units/g rhizosphere soil. Seed treatment with rhizosphere-competent mutants of T. harzianum is an effective delivery system to achieve biocontrol and increase growth response.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Gizele Ingrid Gadotti ◽  
Raimunda Nonata O da Silva ◽  
Cândida Renata J de Farias ◽  
Joseano G da Silva ◽  
Henrique L Padão

ABSTRACT The determination of the sanitary quality is important to diagnose if the commercialized lots are free of pathogens and to make a decision about the need for seed treatment. The objective was to evaluate the interference of fungi associated with coriander seed lots in their physiological performance and the effect of seed treatment with the fungicide Metalaxyl-m + Fludioxonil. The study was carried out in two steps. In experiment I, the physiological potential and sanitary characterization of 18 coriander seed lots were evaluated, using the tests, water content, tetrazolium test and health test. In experiment II, we evaluated the physiological performance of coriander seeds with and without fungicide treatment using the first count and germination test. Coriander seed lots showed high physiological potential, however, not all lots expressed their maximum potential in the germination test without treatment, due to the negative effect of fungi associated with seeds, mainly A. dauci and in association with A. alternata. There was an improvement in the physiological performance of coriander seeds treated with Metalaxyl-m + Fludioxonil fungicide.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document