scholarly journals Early marriage and displacement�a conversation: how Syrian daughters, mothers and mothers-in-law in Jordan understand marital decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 179-212
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Zuntz ◽  
George Palattiyil ◽  
Alba Amawi ◽  
Ruba Al Akash ◽  
Ayat Nashwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
Multigenerational Household ◽  
Economic Constraints

Conflict and forced migration threaten to reverse the decline of early marriage in the Middle East. In some Syrian refugee communities, protracted displacement and precarious livelihoods, together with pre-war traditions of early marriage, push families to arrange matches for their adolescent daughters, and sometimes sons. Drawing on thirteen ethnographic interviews with young Syrian women, mothers, mothers-in-law and grandmothers in Jordan, we develop a multi-perspective approach to the study of early marriage. A feminist outlook has informed our fieldwork and the way its results are presented: around a conversation with Syrian women of different ages and from different generational groups. While humanitarian reports often use women�s voices in a tokenistic way, we stay attentive to the complex nature of their stories and ambitions, contrasting them with insights from interviews with Jordanian academics, aid workers and policymakers. Our study adds nuance to existing humanitarian narratives by drawing attention to the interplay of multigenerational household dynamics, legal and economic constraints in host countries, but also younger and older women�s aspirations, that shape marital decision-making within displaced families.

The transformation of the decision-making process on the part of economic agents influenced by social constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202-1222
Author(s):  
M.V. Grechko ◽  
L.A. Kobina ◽  
S.A. Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contextual Environment ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
External Signals

Subject. The article focuses on the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents given the existing social constraints. Objectives. We devise applied toolkit to study how socio-economic constraints transform the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents. Methods. The study involves means of the expert survey, the method that streamlines economic knowledge. Results. Social constraints are illustrated to influence the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents, assuming that the individual mind relies on specific mechanisms to make judgments and decisions. Generally, the mechanisms are very useful, however they may generate serious errors during the decision-making process. Given the social constraints, economic agents were found to follow four mental models to make their decisions in case of the full or partial uncertainty, i.e. the representative relevance, accessibility, relations, heuristics (modeling). Conclusions and Relevance. The scientific ideas herein show that the inner architecture of a choice an individual makes determines his or her decisions. The decisions often depend on the contextual environment that gives external signals perceived by the individual while evaluating alternative ways. The findings can possibly be used as a mechanism to manage the consumer choice.

scholarly journals Leverage Points for Governing Agricultural Soils: A Review of Empirical Studies of European Farmers’ Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bartkowski ◽  
Stephan Bartke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Peer Orientation ◽  
Economic Constraints

What drives farmers’ decision-making? To inform effective, efficient, and legitimate governance of agricultural soils, it is important to understand the behaviour of those who manage the fields. This article contributes to the assessment and development of innovative soil governance instruments by outlining a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of farmers’ behaviour and decision-making. Our analysis synthesises empirical literature from different disciplines spanning the last four decades on various farm-level decision-making problems. Based on a conceptual framework that links objective characteristics of the farm and the farmer with behavioural characteristics, social-institutional environment, economic constraints, and decision characteristics, empirical findings from 87 European studies are presented and discussed. We point out that economic constraints and incentives are very important, but that other factors also have significant effects, in particular pro-environmental attitudes, goodness of fit, and past experience. Conversely, we find mixed results for demographic factors and symbolic capital. A number of potentially highly relevant yet understudied factors for soil governance are identified, including adoption of technologies, advisory services, bureaucratic load, risk aversion and social capital, social norms, and peer orientation. Our results emphasise the importance of a broad behavioural perspective to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and legitimacy of soil governance.

scholarly journals Territorial and Digital Borders and Migrant Vulnerability Under a Pandemic Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Petra Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Automated Decision Making

AbstractPeople on the move are often left out of conversations around technological development and become guinea pigs for testing new surveillance tools before bringing them to the wider population. These experiments range from big data predictions about population movements in humanitarian crises to automated decision-making in immigration and refugee applications to AI lie detectors at European airports. The Covid-19 pandemic has seen an increase of technological solutions presented as viable ways to stop its spread. Governments’ move toward biosurveillance has increased tracking, automated drones, and other technologies that purport to manage migration. However, refugees and people crossing borders are disproportionately targeted, with far-reaching impacts on various human rights. Drawing on interviews with affected communities in Belgium and Greece in 2020, this chapter explores how technological experiments on refugees are often discriminatory, breach privacy, and endanger lives. Lack of regulation of such technological experimentation and a pre-existing opaque decision-making ecosystem creates a governance gap that leaves room for far-reaching human rights impacts in this time of exception, with private sector interest setting the agenda. Blanket technological solutions do not address the root causes of displacement, forced migration, and economic inequality – all factors exacerbating the vulnerabilities communities on the move face in these pandemic times.

scholarly journals The Influence of 6 Variables on Early Marriage Decision Making in Young Women in Puskesmas Meninting

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baik Dinda Kusumarini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Decision

Pernikahan usia dini adalah perkawinan yang dilakukan pada usia remaja, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pernikahan usia dini adalah sosio-ekonomi dan kondisi demografi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung serta besaran antara peran media informasi, peran petugas kesehatan, lingkungan sosial dan konsep diri terhadap pengambilan keputusan menikah usia dini di wilayah puskesmas meninting Lombok barat tahun 2019.  Metode jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik deskriptif analitik, dengan desain penelitian cross sectional (potong lintang). Hasil populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja putri yang berusia < 20 tahun di Puskesmas Meninting yang berjumlah 150 orang.  Besaran pengaruh langsung variabel media informasi (19,64%), peran petugas kesehatan (21,90%), lingkungan sosial (15,37%), peran keluarga (9,67%), konsep diri (15,43%). Pengaruh langsung pengambilan keputusan remaja dalam menikah nusia dini 82,00%. Sedangkan pengaruh tidak langsung 1,91%, pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung sebesar 83,91%. Kesimpulan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan remaja dalam pernikahan dini peran petugas kesehatan, semakin baik peran petugas kesehatan semakin baik pula remaja dalam mengambil keputusan. Peneliti menyarankan petugas kesehatan sebagai motivator dan pemberi pelayanan kesehatan diharapkan dapat lebih meningkatkan promosi kesehatan kepada remaja.

Is It Ethical? A Multidimensional Approach to Facilitating Ethical Decision Making in Students

2012 ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Roper ◽  
Cynthia Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Ethics Instruction ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Ethical Stance ◽  
Contextual Difference

The need for ethical leadership continues to become increasingly important as the environment grows more interconnected and complex. Educators are being called upon to assist in the development of ethical leaders; however, ethical decision-making, because of its complex nature, is not something that can be taught in a simple, straight forward fashion. This chapter provides an overview of a variety of strategies regarding when, what, and how to teach ethics and presents an instructional module in ethical decision-making, grounded in scholarly literature. The module can be used to provide depth and richness for undergraduate and graduate university students by creating an opportunity for them to ponder ethical situations, mull over and debate alternatives based on philosophical lenses, and arrive at decisions, which are probably not identical, but personally defensible. The educational unit focuses on developing awareness of one’s own ethical stance as well as teaching the utility of a system for ethical analysis which allows for contextual difference, nuance and complexity rather than imposing one set of moral standards. In addition, several keys to effective ethics instruction are suggested.

Emotional Acumen on the Propensity of Graduating Technology Students to Whistle-Blow About Organizational Cyber Security Breaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimisha Bhargava ◽  
Mani Kumari Madala ◽  
Darrell Norman Burrell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Technology Students ◽  
Corporate Insiders

Emotional acumen is relatively a new concept compared to the other decision-making variables in the existing literature. Comprehending the procedure in which the individuals captivate themselves in ethical decision-making and the factors stimulating this procedure may be imperative for burgeoning more efficient education for ethics. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued new guidance calling on public companies to be more forthcoming when disclosing nature and scope of cybersecurity breaches. The statement also warns that corporate insiders must not trade shares when they have information about cybersecurity issues that is not public yet. Understanding the emotional underpinnings is critical to guiding how individuals deal with the complex nature of morally infused predicaments, their awareness of the moral dilemma, judgments about the potential consequences and their intention to act or propensity to whistle-blow related to cybersecurity breaches are significantly affected by the emotional acumen.

Fly Until You Die

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Youyee Vang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many

The Vietnam War is the subject of hundreds of scholarly studies, policy reports, memoirs, and literary titles. As America’s longest and most controversial war, it coincided with domestic turmoil in the United States and in Southeast Asia, led to the displacement of large numbers of people, and strained the social fabric of Cambodian, Lao, and Vietnamese societies. The complex nature of the war means that despite the many books that have been written about it, much remains to unfold, in particular the experiences of ethnic minorities in Laos who became entangled in Cold War politics during the 1960s and 1970s. This book fills the gap by exploring the dramatic forces of history that drew several dozen young Hmong men to become fighter pilots in the United States’ Secret War in Laos, which was in direct support of the larger war in Vietnam. They transformed from ethnic minorities who mostly lived on the margins of Lao society to daring airmen working alongside American pilots. After four decades in exile, surviving pilots, families of those killed in action, and American veterans who worked with them collectively narrated their version of the historical events that resulted in the forced migration of nearly 150,000 Hmong to the United States. By privileging Hmong knowledge, this book begs us to reconsider the war from overlooked perspectives and to engage in the ongoing construction of meanings of war and postwar memories in shaping ethnic and national identities.

scholarly journals Exploring Prospective Structural Analysis to Assess the Relevance of Rural Territorial Development in Spain and Nicaragua

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (76) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Mar Delgado-Serrano ◽  
Mateo Ambrosio-Albalá ◽  
Francisco Amador
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Rural Change

<p>Rural Territorial Development policy approach was launched in Europe to foster rural development under the LEADER initiative. It sparked off great interest in Latin America. We analyse the role played by RTD principles in the dynamics and evolution of four rural areas in Spain and Nicaragua. In doing so, we provide<br />empirical understanding on the validity of the principles to boost rural change and contribute to evidencebased policy-making.<br />Methodologically, we explore the use of participatory prospective tools that apprehend rural areas’ evolving and complex nature. The potential of Prospective Structural Analysis to describe rural dynamics, and to support social changes and decision-making is tested.</p><p> </p>

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