Habitat use of Orconectes meeki meeki and Orconectes williamsi in an intermittent Ozark stream

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna S. Herleth-King ◽  
Hayden T. Mattingly ◽  
Robert J. DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Surface Flows ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
White River ◽  
Hyporheic Zones

Abstract Relatively few studies have examined fine-scale habitat use of crayfish in headwater streams, despite increasing awareness of the importance of such habitats. Orconectes meeki meeki, Meek’s crayfish, is endemic to the upper White River drainage of Missouri and Arkansas, and Orconectes williamsi, Williams’ crayfish, occurs only there and in the Arkansas River drainage. Our objective was to describe speciesspecific habitat use of these crayfishes at two spatial scales (pool-riffle and microhabitat) within a seasonally intermittent stream. From May through August 2008, we sampled ten riffles and five pools in Rock Creek, Missouri, to quantify surface and hyporheic environmental variables. Density of O. m. meeki was similar between riffles and pools; O. williamsi density was greater in riffles. At the riffle scale, O. m. meeki was positively associated with wetted channel width and upwelling hyporheic zones; O. williamsi was negatively associated with surface and hyporheic water temperatures. At the microhabitat scale within riffles, O. m. meeki was positively associated with wetted depth and pebble-cobble substrates; O. williamsi was positively associated with surface velocity and pebble-cobble substrates. Habitat use was relatively static for both species as surface flows waned from May through August. Our research provides detailed, fine-scale habitat associations of the crayfish to complement existing knowledge of these species at coarser spatial scales.

Issues Based on Species Life History and Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Veech
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Species vary tremendously in their life histories and behavior. The particular life history traits and behavior of the focal species must be considered when designing a study to examine habitat associations. For some species, individuals use different areas (of the landscape or territory) for breeding and foraging. As such, the important characteristics for the foraging and breeding habitats may be different. The dramatically different life stages of some organisms (e.g., amphibians and some insects) often correspond to equally dramatic differences in habitat use between juveniles and adults. For some species, habitat use differs among seasons. Species that are highly mobile and have individuals that move around substantially on a daily or weekly basis are particularly challenging for a habitat analysis. For these species, the most efficient and appropriate study design may be one that tracks individuals (through radio-telemetry or GPS) and analyzes the environmental or habitat characteristics at locations where the individual has stopped, rather than trying to survey for the species in pre-established and insufficiently small survey plots. In addition, individual movement and the issues mentioned above may necessitate that environmental variables are measured and analyzed at multiple spatial scales.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Spatial Distribution of Bird Movements Estimated from a Weather Radar Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Kranstauber ◽  
Willem Bouten ◽  
Hidde Leijnse ◽  
Berend-Christiaan Wijers ◽  
Liesbeth Verlinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Radar Imagery

Weather radars provide detailed information on aerial movements of organisms. However, interpreting fine-scale radar imagery remains challenging because of changes in aerial sampling altitude with distance from the radar. Fine-scale radar imagery has primarily been used to assess mass exodus at sunset to study stopover habitat associations. Here, we present a method that enables a more intuitive integration of information across elevation scans projected in a two-dimensional spatial image of fine-scale radar reflectivity. We applied this method on nights of intense bird migration to demonstrate how the spatial distribution of migrants can be explored at finer spatial scales and across multiple radars during the higher flying en-route phase of migration. The resulting reflectivity maps enable explorative analysis of factors influencing their regional and fine-scale distribution. We illustrate the method’s application by generating time-series of composites of up to 20 radars, achieving a nearly complete spatial coverage of a large part of Northwest Europe. These visualizations are highly useful in interpreting regional-scale migration patterns and provide detailed information on bird movements in the landscape and aerial environment.

scholarly journals Repeated surveying over 6 years reveals that fine-scale habitat variables are key to tropical mountain ant assemblage composition and functional diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulalo M. Muluvhahothe ◽  
Grant S. Joseph ◽  
Colleen L. Seymour ◽  
Thinandavha C. Munyai ◽  
Stefan H. Foord
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Fine Scale

AbstractHigh-altitude-adapted ectotherms can escape competition from dominant species by tolerating low temperatures at cooler elevations, but climate change is eroding such advantages. Studies evaluating broad-scale impacts of global change for high-altitude organisms often overlook the mitigating role of biotic factors. Yet, at fine spatial-scales, vegetation-associated microclimates provide refuges from climatic extremes. Using one of the largest standardised data sets collected to date, we tested how ant species composition and functional diversity (i.e., the range and value of species traits found within assemblages) respond to large-scale abiotic factors (altitude, aspect), and fine-scale factors (vegetation, soil structure) along an elevational gradient in tropical Africa. Altitude emerged as the principal factor explaining species composition. Analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity indicated that ant assemblages are specific to each elevation, so species are not filtered out but replaced with new species as elevation increases. Similarity of assemblages over time (assessed using beta decay) did not change significantly at low and mid elevations but declined at the highest elevations. Assemblages also differed between northern and southern mountain aspects, although at highest elevations, composition was restricted to a set of species found on both aspects. Functional diversity was not explained by large scale variables like elevation, but by factors associated with elevation that operate at fine scales (i.e., temperature and habitat structure). Our findings highlight the significance of fine-scale variables in predicting organisms’ responses to changing temperature, offering management possibilities that might dilute climate change impacts, and caution when predicting assemblage responses using climate models, alone.

Habitat use by stream-breeding frogs in south-east Sulawesi, with some preliminary observations on community organization

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Gillespie ◽  
David Lockie ◽  
Michael P. Scroggie ◽  
Djoko T. Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spatial Habitat

The habitat associations of stream-breeding frogs were examined along a series of stream transects on Buton Island in south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. Of the eight frog species located along streams, four were observed breeding in stream habitats. We examined spatial habitat partitioning among these species. Three of the four species were found to be associated with a non-random selection of the available perch sites. Strong partitioning between species in habitat associations was found; partitioning of the available habitat space was primarily associated with differences in proximity to stream features, and in the height of perch sites. General observations indicated that oviposition sites of most species were associated with the microhabitats in which the adult frogs were found. All four stream-breeding species appear to have synchronous breeding phenologies and the spatial relationships of these species within the habitat space appear to reflect partitioning of calling sites and oviposition sites. The stream-breeding frog community in this region of Sulawesi has much lower species richness and less specialized habitat use compared with other tropical stream-breeding frog communities in the region.

scholarly journals Imaging spectroscopy links aspen genotype with below-ground processes at landscape scales

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1643) ◽  
pp. 20130194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Madritch ◽  
Clayton C. Kingdon ◽  
Aditya Singh ◽  
Karen E. Mock ◽  
Richard L. Lindroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Spectral Variation ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Spectrometer Data

Fine-scale biodiversity is increasingly recognized as important to ecosystem-level processes. Remote sensing technologies have great potential to estimate both biodiversity and ecosystem function over large spatial scales. Here, we demonstrate the capacity of imaging spectroscopy to discriminate among genotypes of Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), one of the most genetically diverse and widespread forest species in North America. We combine imaging spectroscopy (AVIRIS) data with genetic, phytochemical, microbial and biogeochemical data to determine how intraspecific plant genetic variation influences below-ground processes at landscape scales. We demonstrate that both canopy chemistry and below-ground processes vary over large spatial scales (continental) according to aspen genotype. Imaging spectrometer data distinguish aspen genotypes through variation in canopy spectral signature. In addition, foliar spectral variation correlates well with variation in canopy chemistry, especially condensed tannins. Variation in aspen canopy chemistry, in turn, is correlated with variation in below-ground processes. Variation in spectra also correlates well with variation in soil traits. These findings indicate that forest tree species can create spatial mosaics of ecosystem functioning across large spatial scales and that these patterns can be quantified via remote sensing techniques. Moreover, they demonstrate the utility of using optical properties as proxies for fine-scale measurements of biodiversity over large spatial scales.

scholarly journals Fine-Scale Habitat Use of Reintroduced Black-Footed Ferrets on Prairie Dog Colonies in New Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. Chipault ◽  
Dean E. Biggins ◽  
James K. Detling ◽  
Dustin H. Long ◽  
Robin M. Reich
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Prairie Dog

scholarly journals A Spatial Analysis Approach to Understanding Caddoan Mounds in the Arkansas River Drainage

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
The People ◽  
Computationally Intensive

In this article I present a theoretical framework for understanding Caddoan mounds in the central Arkansas River drainage and the implications they may hold for the social structure and environmental adaptations of the people who made them. The power and efficiency of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modeling now allows for large-scale, computationally intensive spatial analysis simply not possible before. Questions of landscape organization or spatial relationships that previously would have taken months or even years to answer can now be solved in a matter of minutes with GIS and related technologies, given the appropriate datasets. Quite importantly, though, such analyses must first be placed in context and theory if they are to be meaningful additions to our understanding of the past. While it is conventional to refer to “GIS analysis” (and I use the term in this article), it is important to keep in mind that data manipulations alone are not analysis. GIS, along with statistical software and related computer technologies, are tools of spatial analysis just as shovels and trowels are tools of excavation. Such tools can organize and reveal information if they are employed carefully, but the tools themselves have no agency and cannot interpret anything on their own. The terms “GIS analysis” or “GIS interpretation” are therefore somewhat misnomers, just as “trowel analysis” or “trowel interpretation” would be. It is not the GIS, or any component of it, that does the analysis or interpretation; it simply manipulates spatial data. We interpret these manipulations based upon theoretical background, previous research, and the questions we wish to answer.

scholarly journals Fine-Scale Population Genetic Structure and Within-Tree Distribution of Mating Types of Venturia effusa, Cause of Pecan Scab in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1326-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Carolyn A. Young ◽  
Katherine L. Stevenson ◽  
Nikki D. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Scale Population

Scab (caused by Venturia effusa) is the major disease of pecan in the southeastern United States. There is no information available on the fine-scale population genetic diversity or the occurrence of clonal types at small spatial scales that provides insight into inoculum sources and dispersal mechanisms, and potential opportunity for sexual reproduction. To investigate fine-scale genetic diversity, four trees of cultivar Wichita (populations) were sampled hierarchically: within each tree canopy, four approximately evenly spaced terminals (subpopulations) were selected and up to six leaflets (sub-subpopulations) were sampled from different compound leaves on each terminal. All lesions (n = 1 to 8) on each leaflet were sampled. The isolates were screened against a panel of 29 informative microsatellite markers and the resulting multilocus genotypes (MLG) subject to analysis. Mating type was also determined for each isolate. Of 335 isolates, there were 165 MLG (clonal fraction 49.3%). Nei’s unbiased measure of genetic diversity for the clone-corrected data were moderate to high (0.507). An analysis of molecular variance demonstrated differentiation (P = 0.001) between populations on leaflets within individual terminals and between terminals within trees in the tree canopies, with 93.8% of variance explained among isolates within leaflet populations. Other analyses (minimum-spanning network, Bayesian, and discriminant analysis of principal components) all indicated little affinity of isolate for source population. Of the 335 isolates, most unique MLG were found at the stratum of the individual leaflets (n = 242), with similar total numbers of unique MLG observed at the strata of the terminal (n = 170), tree (n = 166), and orchard (n = 165). Thus, the vast majority of shared clones existed on individual leaflets on a terminal at the scale of 10s of centimeters or less, indicating a notable component of short-distance dispersal. There was significant linkage disequilibrium (P < 0.001), and an analysis of Psex showed that where there were multiple encounters of an MLG, they were most probably the result of asexual reproduction (P < 0.05) but there was no evidence that asexual reproduction was involved in single or first encounters of an MLG (P > 0.05). Overall, the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 idiomorphs were at equilibrium (73:92) and in most populations, subpopulations, and sub-subpopulations. Both mating types were frequently observed on the same leaflet. The results provide novel information on the characteristics of populations of V. effusa at fine spatial scales, and provide insights into the dispersal of the organism within and between trees. The proximity of both mating idiomorphs on single leaflets is further evidence of opportunity for development of the sexual stage in the field.

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