scholarly journals Population health indicators across Ontario’s Public Health Units: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Suman Kanoatova ◽  
Eric N. Liberda ◽  
M. Anne Harris
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background Currently, 34 public health units (PHUs) in Ontario deliver public health programs and services to reduce preventable diseases, promote and protect health of their communities, and reduce persistent health inequities. Changes to the structure of Ontario PHUs have been proposed. This analysis compares the current 34 Ontario PHUs based on key health indicators for the purpose of determining local health needs in delivering public health programs and as a baseline for measuring the effect of any future changes to PHU structure. Methods We used data from the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a voluntary cross-sectional survey about health status of Canadians. Twenty-one health indicators measured by the CCHS and particularly relevant to PHU responsibilities were identified and compared across units. In this descriptive, cross-sectional analyses we used survey-weighted frequency calculations of the selected indicator variables by PHU and χ2 analyses to test differences in indicator distribution across PHU. Results All indicators except for sex were distributed unevenly by PHU. We particularly highlight differences across units in modifiable indicators and risk factors such as obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, and access to primary care physicians. Impact of the study While all PHUs strive towards the same mandated responsibilities, considerable variations in health indicators exist between health units. This underscores the necessity for PHUs to tailor programs and deliver services based on local needs. Future changes to PHU structure must be tested against baseline to determine if they ameliorate or exacerbate health inequities in Ontario.

scholarly journals Is Self-Reported Physical Activity Participation Associated with Lower Health Services Utilization among Older Adults? Cross-Sectional Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koren L. Fisher ◽  
Elizabeth L. Harrison ◽  
Bruce A. Reeder ◽  
Nazmi Sari ◽  
Karen E. Chad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Community Health Survey

Purpose. To examine relationships between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and health services utilization (H) in a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults.Methods. Cross-sectional data from 56,652 Canadian Community Health Survey respondents aged ≥ 50 years (48% M; 52% F; mean age 63.5 ± 10.2 years) were stratified into three age groups and analysed using multivariate generalized linear modeling techniques. Participants were classified according to PA level based on self-reported daily energy expenditure. Nonleisure PA (NLPA) was categorized into four levels ranging from mostly sitting to mostly lifting objects.Results. Active 50–65-year-old individuals were 27% less likely to report any GP consultationsORadj=0.73; P<0.001and had 8% fewer GP consultations annually(IRRadj=0.92; P<0.01)than their inactive peers. Active persons aged 65–79 years were 18% less likely than inactive respondents to have been hospitalized overnight in the previous year(ORadj=0.82, P<0.05). Higher levels of NLPA were significantly associated with lower levels of HSU, across all age groups.Conclusion. Nonleisure PA appeared to be a stronger predictor of all types of HSU, particularly in the two oldest age groups. Considering strategies that focus on reducing time spent in sedentary activities may have a positive impact on reducing the demand for health services.

scholarly journals Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. Mudryj ◽  
Harold M. Aukema ◽  
Nancy Yu
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey

Soya foods are one of the recommended alternatives to meat in many dietary guidelines. While this is expected to increase the intake of some nutrients, potential concerns regarding others have been raised. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence and the association of soya food consumption with nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of Canadians (age ≥ 2 years). Cross-sectional data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.2; n 33 218) were used to classify soya consumers and non-consumers. Soya consumers were further divided into two groups based on their soya protein intake. Sample weights were applied and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between nutrient intakes and soya consumption, with cultural background, sex, age and economic status being included as covariates. On any given day, 3·3 % (n 1085) of Canadians consume soya foods, with females, Asian Canadians and adults with post-secondary education being more likely to be soya consumers. As a whole, adolescent and adult respondents who had consumed at least one soya food during their 24 h dietary recall had higher energy intakes, as well as increased intakes of nutrients such as protein, fibre, vitamin C, vitamin B6, naturally occurring folate, thiamin, Ca, P, Mg, PUFA, Fe and K and lowered intakes of saturated fat. These data indicate that soya food consumption is associated with improved diet quality of Canadians. However, future research is necessary to investigate the association between increased energy intake and soya consumption.

Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. Mudryj ◽  
Anne K. Waugh ◽  
Joyce J. Slater ◽  
Donald R. Duerksen ◽  
Charles N. Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey

Abstract Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.

scholarly journals Knowledge Attitude and Practices in Community Health Programs by the Pharmacists in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani ◽  
Maria Aslam ◽  
Sajjad Ali Gill ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Sana Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Community Health Programs ◽  
The Government

Introduction: A public health program intends to improve the health care services in society to lessen the disease burden particularly in the case of non-infectious diseases. This research work investigates the knowledge, practice, and attitude of pharmacists in community health programs offered by the government concerning their demographic associates. Methods: A cross-sectional survey from 75 registered pharmacists is conducted in Lahore, Pakistan to explore the role of pharmacists in public health programs by using a self-administered questionnaire from January 01, 2021, to January 15, 2021. The collected data is analyzed through frequencies, percentages, and a chi-square test of association. Results: Most of the pharmacists were in favor that the disease burden can be reduced by indulging pharmacists in public health programs. Many pharmacists already working on public health issues were screening of the blood glucose, blood pressure, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking cessation. Conclusion: Like many other countries, Pakistan may also effectively accomplish its public health goals by offering training to the pharmacists and retaining them in public health programs at the pharmacy level.

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