scholarly journals Self-organizing numerical models of transient processes in water supply hydraulic structures of energy industries

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Arefyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Transient Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Self Organizing

ПРИНЦИПЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНОГО ВОДОРЕСУРСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
V.B. Zhezmer ◽  
A.O. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Разработка принципов экологически безопасной эксплуатации агроландшафта при условии обеспечения оросительной водой не только используемых в настоящее время орошаемых площадей, но и выбывших из оборота мелиорированных земель, является актуальной и востребованной. Экологическая безопасность водообеспечения предполагает как экономию водных ресурсов, так и повышение безопасности эксплуатации гидромелиоративных систем (ГМС). В статье обоснована необходимость, с целью обеспечения безопасности гидротехнических сооружений, создания системы автоматизированного ведения мониторинга гидротехнических сооружений (ГТС) на основе современных веб-технологий, представлена концептуальная модель системы мониторинга, а также структура базы данных и принципы работы с массивами информации.The development of the principles of the environmentally safe operation of the agro-landscap, provided that irrigated water is provided not only for the currently used irrigated areas, but also all reclaimed land, is relevant and in demand. Environmental safety of water supply involves both saving water resources and improving the safety of the operation of irrigation and drainage systems (HMS). The article substantiates the need, in order to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures, the creation of a system for automated monitoring of hydraulic structures (GTS) based on modern web technologies, presents a conceptual model of a monitoring system, as well as a database structure and principles for working with arrays of information.

scholarly journals The Effects of Grout Curtain Parameters on Uplift and Piping Phenomenon; Case Study: Sattarkhan Dam

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Kambiz Meshkabadi ◽  
Yousef Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Grout Curtain ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Horizontal Drainage ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Dam Core ◽  
Water Seal

Design of earth dams and their issues during and after construction is very important for residents downstream of the dam because of the potential risks and possible breakdowns. In the design of dams, various forces influence the dam body, including uplift pressure and piping phenomenon which should be considered in order to ensure the safety of the dam. Among the measures taken to prevent the washing away phenomenon, the reduction of the output gradient, and the leakage discharge from beneath the hydraulic structures, construction of the grout curtain and installation of the drainage are applicable. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of various parameters such as the gradient angle of the grout curtain, length, and distance and the number of grout curtains, as well as the length of the drainage on the pressure and output gradient of the numerical models, were considered in current study. For this purpose, the SEEP/W software was used for modeling on Sattarkhan Dam as a case study. The results of the analysis showed that the use of the Qa’im grout curtain at the upstream of the dam has the highest resistance against the pressure and piping phenomenon. The results also showed that increase in the length of the curtain of the water seal increases safety against uplift and piping phenomenon. The use of further spacing between the two grout curtains under the core of the dam led to increase in overall pressure or reduction in safety against uplift pressure. Increase in the length of the horizontal drainage reduced the effects of uplift pressure and output gradient. Results show that period of 70 to 110 degree is appropriate for curtain angle and setting curtain in upstream of dam core with angle of 70 to 80 degree is optimum and economic. A length of 30 m is optimum for curtain. The number of 2 curtains is also optimum. Studying various scenarios of distance of 2 curtains in dam core indicates that distance of 6 m is optimum and also length of 18 m for horizontal drainage is optimum.

scholarly journals Mathematical simulation in the system of safety monitoring of hydraulic structures and automated control systems of stress-strain state

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1582-1591
Author(s):  
Dmitry S Dmitriev ◽  
Alexander A. Uchevatkin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Stress Strain State

Introduction. The article describes the features of the systems for monitoring the safety of hydraulic structures, which are based on the apparatus of mathematical and computer modeling. Prospects for the use of automated control systems for the stress-strain state of building structures of hydraulic structures are considered. Materials and methods. An analytical review of foreign examples of the implementation of monitoring systems for high-pressure hydraulic structures based on mathematical models is presented. The results of computational studies of the Zagorsk PSPP complex within the framework of the hardware and software complex for safety monitoring are shown. The concept of automated stress-strain state control systems is described. Results. The advantages and limitations of widely used, domestic and foreign automated information and diagnostic systems are outlined. On specific examples of the integration of numerical models of hydraulic structures into integrated systems for monitoring the safety of hydraulic structures, methods of expanding the capabilities of monitoring systems in terms of analyzing the stress-strain state of structures and predictive estimates are demonstrated. Insufficient elaboration of the issues of management of the stress-strain state of structures is noted, but the need to develop special structural elements with variable parameters to influence the stress-strain state of hydraulic structures is substantiated. Conclusions. The data presented in the article confirm the need to develop systems for monitoring the safety of hydraulic structures based on complex, multiphysics mathematical models, which can significantly expand the functionality of monito­ring systems and, as a result, improve the safety of hydraulic structures. The analysis of world experience indicates the growing lag of the Russian hydropower industry in terms of the integration of mathematical models into the safety monitoring systems for hydraulic structures, which obviously requires additional research and practical work in this area.

Roman aqueduct and hydraulic engineering: case of Nîmes aqueduct and its Pont du Gard bridge

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fonder ◽  
S. Xanthoulis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Open Channel Flows ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Ancient Persia

Romans are considered as the greatest aqueduct builders of the ancient world, though qanat systems were in use in ancient Persia, India, Egypt, and other Middle Eastern countries thousand of years earlier. Based on history documents and civil engineering studies, this paper summarizes hydrology and hydraulics engineering techniques developed by Roman Engineers. The study case is the Nîmes Aqueduct and its Pont du Gard bridge, the most intact aqueduct bridge remaining today. Despite the existence of superb ruins and conducts' frames, little is known of the hydraulic engineering of these Roman aqueducts and on their water supply and flow rates. This paper explains hydraulic structures and regulations used. It demonstrates the expertise of Roman Engineers on hydraulics of open channel flows.

Glacier sliding set by self-regulating feedback between friction and drainage efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Gilbert ◽  
Florent Gimbert ◽  
Kjetil Thøgersen ◽  
Thomas Schuler ◽  
Andreas Kääb
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Dynamical Response ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Friction Laws ◽  
Basal Sliding

<p>Glacier basal sliding accommodates most of glacier motion and is the main process behind glacier dynamic variability, able to substantially modulate glacier response to climate change. In particular, it controls glacier instabilities, surges, ice stream development and flow speeds of most glaciers on Earth. Paradoxically, glacier sliding remains one of the least understood processes in glacier physics due to the difficulty of accessing and observing the sub-glacial environment. In numerical models, sliding of glaciers is traditionally determined by friction laws interlinking basal shear stress, sliding velocity and water pressure. However, assessing the effects of water pressure on sliding remains a challenge due to the sparsity of appropriate data to validate coupled ice-flow/subglacial-hydrology models. We unify here the description of subglacial cavities transient dynamic for basal friction and sub-glacial hydrology and show how it interacts as a self-regulating coupled system. Our results are in striking agreement with observation from a unique multi-decadal record of basal sliding and water discharge in Argentière Glacier (French Alps). We show that sliding speed of hard-bedded glaciers is set by the drainage efficiency necessary to accommodate the melt water supply rather than being driven by water pressure. We suggest that liquid water supply at the glacier base rather water pressure should be used to develop friction laws that include the effect subglacial hydrology. This will make glacier dynamical response to climate change more predictable.</p>

scholarly journals SAFETY OF COMPLEX OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES OF CHERNORECHENSKIY RESERVOIR IN SEVASTOPOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Yakov Volosuhin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Passage

The issues of safety of the complex of hydraulic structures of the Chernorechenskiy reservoir - the main source of water supply of the city of Sevastopol are considered. The issue of flood pas-sage P = 0.1% of the provision taking into account the transformation of the flood volume by the reservoir has been investigated. The maximum flood pass with Q0.01% (taking into account the warranty amendment) of all water passage structures of the hydro-node at the filled reservoir up to the NPP elevation as the most responsible measure has been estimated.

scholarly journals Modeling of broad crested weirs by using dynamic similarity and CFD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Ali Yildiz ◽  
◽  
Goknur Elif Yarbasi ◽  
Alpaslan Yarar ◽  
Ali Ihsan Marti
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Geometric Similarity ◽  
Upstream Side

Broad crested weirs and steps are used to regulate the flow in the channel, increase the water level at the upstream side, and measure the discharge. The construction of the broad crested weirs is more practical and also they are more stable compared with the other types of weirs. To serve in accordance with the purpose of their construction, broad crested weirs should be designed and built by considering certain criteria. Before the hydraulic structures are built, model experimental setups are constructed in the laboratory and problems to be encountered are tried to be determined. However, there may be differences between the structure to be built in real life (prototype) and model due to scale effect. These possible differences must be determined and necessary measures must be taken. In this study, the model and prototype of the broad crested weir are constructed in two different open channel systems by using Froude similarity. The geometric similarity between model and prototype is determined as Lr = 4. 44 experimental data were collected from model and prototype. The results obtained from the model and prototype are compared according to hydraulic similarity rules. In addition to the physical experimental setups, numerical models were created using the ANSYS Fluent for the model and prototype separately. By comparing the numerical model and physical experimental setups, optimum mesh size is tried to be determined. According to the results obtained from experimental setups, differences were observed in the position of critical flow depths and downstream water levels due to scale effects.

Study of hydraulics and mixing in roof tanks used in intermittent water supply

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
R. D. Hernandez-Lopez ◽  
V. G. Tzatchkov ◽  
A. Martin-Dominguez ◽  
V. H. Alcocer-Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Intermittent Water Supply

Roof tanks are common in low and middle income countries, due to the intermittent water supply. Their hydraulic and water mixing behaviour has not been studied. This paper presents the results of a study on mixing and water demand in roof tanks, based on physical and numerical models. Tracer tests were carried out on a real scale transparent wall laboratory model of a roof tank, and a three-parameter residence time distribution model was applied, showing that the model that best describes mixing in roof water tanks is the one with a completely stirred flow reactor with a small portion of bypassing. This result was confirmed by computational fluid dynamic simulations and visual observation. The instantaneous water flow derived from activating typical home water-using fixtures was measured at the pipe feeding the tank, the pipe exiting the tank, and without a roof tank. Stochastic water demand patterns were generated with the measured data and used in the numerical model of a small distribution network. Based on this model it was found that water demand and pipe flow behave differently in continuous and intermittent water supply networks. The instantaneous flow rate withdrawn from the water distribution network pipes is lower in systems with roof tanks.

scholarly journals Application of numerical models to assess multi-source saltwater intrusion under natural and pumping conditions in the Great Maputo aquifer, Mozambique

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 2973-2992
Author(s):  
Alberto Casillas-Trasvina ◽  
Yangxiao Zhou ◽  
Tibor Y. Stigter ◽  
F. E. F. Mussáa ◽  
D. Juízo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Data Limitations

Abstract Regional three-dimensional groundwater-flow and saltwater transport models were built to analyse saltwater intrusion in the Great Maputo area, southern Mozambique. Increased water demand has led to many private groundwater abstractions, as the local public water supply network has already reached maximum capacity. Pushing for new strategies to tackle the water-supply shortages exposes the aquifer system to saltwater intrusion from entrapped fossil saline groundwater and seawater. Previous attempts at modelling have been frustrated by data limitations. This study compiled all the available data to build the models, which were subsequently calibrated with observed heads, discharges and salt concentrations. The transport models were used to test hypotheses of potential sources of saltwater resulting in the current salinity distribution. Furthermore, scenarios were simulated to assess the impacts of sea-level rise and projected groundwater abstractions. Results show that saline groundwater is widely distributed in the aquifer’s western sector, where it is a limiting factor for groundwater development, and seawater intrusion is a risk along the coastline. Newly constructed wells (46) along the Infulene River can be operated with some impacts of saltwater upconing and must be closely monitored. Although current groundwater abstractions (60,340 m3/day) are still small compared with groundwater recharge (980,823 m3/day), larger volumes of abstraction are feasible only when using a high number of production wells further away from the city with relatively low yields to avoid saltwater upconing. Capture of fresh groundwater upstream of discharge areas by wells for water supply is possible while maintaining groundwater discharges for groundwater dependent ecosystems.

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