scholarly journals Revision of Leucothoe (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean: a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traudl Krapp-Schickel ◽  
Claude De Broyer
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
The Antarctic

Among the 125 currently recognized species of the panoceanic genus Leucothoe, L. antarctica was described in 1888 from the Antarctic seas, but was soon synonymized with the so-called cosmopolitan Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard, which was cited from the Southern Ocean about 70 times since this first record. After erecting a new Antarctic species again only in 1983, “morphological variants” were observed and discussed. In this paper, we revalidate the first defined Antarctic species (Leucothoe antarctica), redescribe the second one (L. orkneyi), describe 5 new Southern Ocean species (L. campbelli sp. nov., L. longimembris sp. nov., L. macquariae sp. nov., L. merletta sp. nov. and L. weddellensis sp. nov.) and provide a key to all Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species.

First record and description of male of Metavargula adinothrix Kornicker, 1975 (Ostracoda: Myodocopina) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2434 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR G. CHAVTUR ◽  
DIETMAR KEYSER ◽  
ALEXANDER G. BASHMANOV
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Unknown Male

Previously unknown male and some juveniles of Metavargula adinothrix Kornicker, 1975 were identified in material which was collected by Germany R/V Polarstern from bathyal and abyssal depth of the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Diagnosis, description and detailed illustrations of male of this species are presented. Morphological comparison is made between male and female of this species. The distribution of M. adinothrix in the Antarctic and Subantarctic waters is shown.

scholarly journals Orange is the new white: taxonomic revision of Antarctic Tritonia species (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eleonora Rossi ◽  
Conxita Avila ◽  
Juan Moles
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTAmong nudibranch molluscs, the family Tritoniidae gathers taxa with unclear phylogenetic position, such as some species of the genus Tritonia Cuvier, 1798. Currently, 35 valid species belong to this genus and only three of them are found in the Southern Ocean, namely T. challengeriana Bergh, 1884, T. dantarti Ballesteros & Avila, 2006, and T. vorax (Odhner, 1926). In this study, we shed light on the long-term discussed systematics and taxonomy of Antarctic Tritonia species using morpho-anatomical and molecular techniques. Samples from the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island were dissected and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The three molecular markers COI, 16S, and H3 were sequenced and analysed through maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation tests clearly distinguished two species, T. challengeriana and T. dantarti, being widely-spread in the Southern Ocean, and endemic to Bouvet Island, respectively. Coloration seemed to be an unreliable character to differentiate among species since molecular data revealed both species can either have orange or white colour-morphotypes. This variability could be explained by pigment sequestration from the soft coral species they feed on. Morphological analyses reveal differences between Antarctic and Magellanic specimens of T. challengeriana, thus, we suggest the resurrection of T. antarctica Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 to encompass exclusively the Antarctic species. To progress further, additional molecular data from Magellanic specimens are required to definitely resolve their taxonomy and systematics.

scholarly journals First Record of a living Platycopida (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Antarcticwaters and a Discussion on Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1866 (1) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE N. BRANDÃO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
First Record ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
The Antarctic

Previous records of Platycopida (Ostracoda) from the Antarctic region of the Southern Ocean include only a few fossil species from the Late Cretaceous to the Palaeocene: Cytherelloidea megaspirocostata Majoran & Widmark, 1998, [sic] Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880), plus seven species left in open nomenclature. The present study documents the first record of a living platycopid from the Antarctic region and describes Cytherella rwhatleyi sp. nov. as new. Comparison among specimens collected at stations 60° longitude and 10° of latitude apart from each other show that very little intraspecific variation in outline and ornamentation of the valves, as well as on the hemipenis is presented by this new species. Otherwise, clear differences on valve and hemipenis are observed between different species (herein, Jellinek & Swanson 2003). Review of the literature indicates that several species (with great differences in valve outline and ornamentation) have been erroneously assigned to Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880) demonstrating that this so-called cosmopolitan taxon is in truth most probably restricted to bathyal depths of the Northwestern Atlantic. Finally, the abundances of Cytherella rwhatleyi sp. nov. in the samples studied herein (considering O2 concentration measurements) contradict the proposed relationship between Platycopida and O2 concentration in water masses (Whatley et al. 2003).

Dikwa andresi, a new amphipod crustacean (Dikwidae) from the Scotia Arc

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
Charles Oliver Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
First Record ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scotia Arc ◽  
Amphipod Crustacean ◽  
The Antarctic

The new amphipod crustacean species Dikwa andresi from the Scotia Arc is described in detail. This is the first record of the family Dikwidae in the Southern Ocean. The white species was caught in water depth of 270–290 metres during the Antarctic autumn, living on the red hydrocoral (Hydrozoa) Errinopsis reticulum. It has a carinate pereon and pleon, no eyes and the head is telescoped into the first pereon segment. The first gnathopod is propodochelate, the second gnathopod is simple. The only known species of the family is Dikwa acrania from southern Africa. The new species mainly differs from D. acrania in having dorsal processes on all pereonites and the first coxa being twice as long as the second. An intraspecific variation of the shape of the telson was observed.

scholarly journals A brief survey of bryological studies in the Subantarctic, including Macrocoma tenue (Orthotrichaceae), a moss genus and species newly found in Îles Kerguelen

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Bednarek-Ochyra ◽  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Shui-Liang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Glacial Epoch ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Kerguelen Archipelago ◽  
Ocean Islands

Studies on the bryophyte flora of the Southern Ocean islands and in the Antarctic are briefly reviewed and the current state of knowledge of the moss flora of Îles Kerguelen is discussed. <em>Macrocoma tenue</em> (Hook. &amp; Grev.) Vitt is recorded from the Îles Kerguelen archipelago and this constitutes the first record of the genus <em>Macrocoma</em> (Müll. Hal.) Grout from the Subantarctic. The local plants of the species are characterized and illustrated and their ecology is discussed. Global distribution of <em>M. tenue</em> is reviewed and mapped. It is suggested that the type subspecies of <em>M. tenue</em> is a Gondwanan relictual taxon, which could have evolved on this supercontinent prior to its break-up and, subsequently, it reached Îles Kerguelen where it survived during the Pleistocene glacial epoch.

Heat tolerance of the secondarily temperate Antarctic notothenioid, Notothenia angustata

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Bilyk ◽  
Arthur L. Devries
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractAlthough most of the notothenioid fishes have geographic distributions restricted to the Southern Ocean, several species with inferred Antarctic origins have come to permanently inhabit the warmer waters around New Zealand and southern South America. However, it remains unknown whether the Antarctic ancestry of these secondarily temperate species continues to influence their modern heat tolerance. We investigated the heat tolerance of one such secondarily temperate nototheniid, Notothenia angustata, which is now endemic to the waters around the South Island of New Zealand. Their heat tolerance was determined using the critical thermal maximum (CTMax) both when acclimatized to their winter water temperatures (7.9°C), and warm acclimated (15°C) near the summer water temperatures in Otago Harbour. When compared to equivalently acclimated specimens of the basal New Zealand notothenioid Bovichtus variegatus, N. angustata have consistently lower CTMaxs, though they are significantly greater than those determined from 10°C acclimated specimens of its endemic Antarctic congener, N. coriiceps. While this shows greater heat tolerance in the secondarily temperate N. angustata than in endemic Antarctic species, it also suggests that some of its ancestral intolerance to heat persists.

scholarly journals Biodiversity Research and Innovation in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oldham ◽  
Jasmine Kindness
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThis article examines biodiversity research and innovation in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean based on a review of 150,401 scientific articles and 29,690 patent families for Antarctic species. The paper exploits the growing availability of open access databases, such as the Lens and Microsoft Academic Graph, along with taxonomic data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to explore the scientific and patent literature for the Antarctic at scale. The paper identifies the main contours of scientific research in Antarctica before exploring commercially oriented biodiversity research and development in the scientific literature and patent publications. The paper argues that biodiversity is not a free good and must be paid for. Ways forward in debates on commercial research and development in Antarctica can be found through increasing attention to the valuation of ecosystem services, new approaches to natural capital accounting and payment for ecosystem services that would bring the Antarctic, and the Antarctic Treaty System, into the wider fold of work on the economics of biodiversity. Economics based approaches can be criticised for reducing biodiversity to monetary exchange values at the expense of recognition of the wider values of biodiversity and its services. However, approaches grounded in the economics of biodiversity provide a transparent framework for approaching commercial activity in the Antarctic and introducing requirements for investments in the conservation of Antarctic biodiversity by those who seek to profit from it.

Conservation in the Antarctic

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (963) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

Formidable legal and administrative complexities arise from conflicting claims to jurisdiction and the continued absence of generally recognized sovereignty over much of the region. Existing conservation measures fall into three groups: elaborate laws made by governments claiming Antarctic territories, more restricted laws, and simple instructions for particular expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty, 1959, made it possible to begin coordinating all these separate instruments. No claimed jurisdiction has been surrendered or recognized: each government has started to harmonize its own control measures with the ‘Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora’, 1964. This scheme applied only to land areas and has since been evolving in the light of experience. Although not yet formally approved by all the governments concerned, it is working effectively by voluntary agreement. Different approaches are necessary for conservation of Southern Ocean resources, especially krill. A start has been made with the ‘ Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals’, 1972. There are many outstanding problems: all require effective cooperation between scientific and legal advisers, diplomats and politicians. Mention is made of recent British conservation legislation for South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and the Tristan da Cunha group. Some of the next steps are outlined.

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