Midrotation Vegetation Control and Fertilization Response in Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii across the Southeastern United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
Jose L. Stape ◽  
Thomas R. Fox ◽  
Rafael A. Rubilar ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Vegetation Control

Preemergence Weed Control in Southeastern Forest Nurseries

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Dill ◽  
M. C. Carter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Low Rate

Weed control trials were conducted on loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) or slash pine (Pinus elliottiiEngelm.) seedbeds at 12 locations in the southeastern United States. Good weed control was obtained from 2,4-bis-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha;N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) at 4.5 and 9 kg/ha; α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha; and 2-ethylthio-4,6-bis-isopropylamino-s-triazine (GS-16068) at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha as preemergence applications immediately followed by irrigation. Diphenamid and trifluralin treatments were not injurious to either pine species at either rate. GS-16068 was only slightly injurious at the high rate at one location. Prometryne was injurious at two locations at the high rate and at one location at the low rate.

scholarly journals Vegetation control and fertilization in midrotation Pinus taeda stands in the southeastern United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
Harold E. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Vegetation Control

Competition dynamics in pure- versus mixed-family stands of loblolly and slash pine in the southeastern United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Timothy A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
Mixed Family

Few studies within the native range of loblolly ( Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) have compared yield and stand dynamics in pure-family block versus mixed-family block plantings under a range of silvicultural treatments. Understanding intergenotypic competitive interactions is important for predicting phenotypic performance, defining growth strategies and ideotypes, and deploying the correct mix of families that possess complementary characteristics for enhanced yield and pest resistance. In 2000, replicated experimental trials were installed in the southeastern United States, controlling for genotype (pure- and mixed-family plantings; consisting of seven full-sibling loblolly and six full-sibling slash pine families), planting density (1334 vs. 2990 trees/ha), and levels of silvicultural treatment intensity (operational vs. intensive). We measured four installations of these trials. There were numerous examples of differential family performance in mixed versus pure plots manifested as significant deployment × family interactions for diameter at breast height, height, basal area, volume, survival, disease, and damage traits. Significant and consistent interactions of several families with mixed versus pure deployment led to the identification of putative crop and competition ideotypes in both loblolly and slash pine. Tree-level crown architectural traits and an index of growth efficiency for the identified families were consistent with the hypothesized ideotypes.

A 50-Year Retrospective of the Forest Productivity Cooperative in the Southeastern United States: Regionwide Trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Carter ◽  
H Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R Fox ◽  
Timothy J Albaugh ◽  
Rafael A Rubilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract In 2019, the Forest Productivity Cooperative (FPC) celebrated its 50th anniversary. The mission of the FPC is and has been creating innovative solutions to enhance forest productivity and value through the sustainable management of site resources. This industry-government-university partnership has generated seminal research with sweeping implications for increasing productivity throughout the southeastern United States and Latin America. To commemorate this semicentennial, we highlighted some of the pivotal findings in the southeastern United States from the past 50 years derived from our large, regional experiments: regionwide trials. Study Implications: Fifty years of research have yielded substantial management implications for intensively managed loblolly pine in the southeastern United States. Some of our most impactful findings are the following: our generalized fertilization rate of 200 lb ac−1 elemental N and 25 lb ac−1 elemental P has been found to increase growth on most plantations in the region when applied at or before midrotation, whereas the addition of K and micronutrients was found to be important on the Pleistocene Terraces. Stands with a leaf area index (LAI) less than 3.5 will respond to fertilization, increasingly, so the lower the initial LAI. Our long-term site preparation studies demonstrated the importance of pairing optimal site preparation with fertilization and that subsoiling and tillage typically yielded lesser gains than fertilization and vegetation control at establishment. Fertilization tends to be more important to growth responses at midrotation than onetime vegetation control treatments, but an additive response when the two treatments are applied together is generally experienced. When fertilization is paired with thinning, the rate of postthinning diameter growth is accelerated.

Estimated realized gains for first-generation slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) tree improvement in the southeastern United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vergara ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Barry D Shiver ◽  
Donald L Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
The University ◽  
Stand Yield

Realized gains from selection of the first-generation breeding population of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) were estimated using data from 38 field trials planted in large rectangular plots in the southeastern United States. The trials consisted of material selected for volume growth and planted by the Cooperative Forest Genetics Research Program at the University of Florida (19 trials) and by the Plantation Management Research Cooperative at the University of Georgia (19 trials). All trials contained slash pine seedlots collected from unrogued or lightly rogued first-generation seed orchards. Analyses of variance detected, on average, moderate gains in rust resistance (I50 = 43.1%) and site index (4.3%) and important gains in individual tree volume (7.7%) and stand yield (10.2%). Silvicultural treatments and age by realized gains interactions were never significant, but significant interactions between seedlots and trials showed that realized gains are not consistent at all sites. Overall results were highly consistent with predicted breeding values for rust resistance, but lower than expected for volume. On average, realized gain in stand yield for first-generation material was approximately 10%, or an extra inside-bark volume of 25 m3·ha–1 (357 feet3·acre–1) at 25 years.

Soil change and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedling growth following site preparation tillage in the Upper Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 242 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 558-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chad Lincoln ◽  
Rodney E. Will ◽  
Lawrence A. Morris ◽  
Emily A. Carter ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Site Preparation

Songbird Breeding Season Use of Pine Plantations Treated Chemically for Herbaceous Vegetation Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Keyser ◽  
J. Drew Lanham ◽  
Victor L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

Abstract Pine plantations, a common early successional habitat in the southeastern United States, have been subject in recent years to increased use of herbicides to control herbaceous vegetation immediately postestablishment. Such treatments may affect songbird use during the breeding season, but studies documenting bird response are limited. Furthermore, songbirds that breed in early successional habitats have experienced sustained population declines in recent decades. Therefore, we examined the influence of herbaceous vegetation control on songbird use during the breeding season within pine plantations on the Piedmont Plateau in Virginia. We evaluated 35 plantations characterized by one of five treatments: herbaceous vegetation control applied during the establishment year and that were 1, 2, or 3 y old when sampled, and those that had not received herbaceous vegetation control at establishment and that were 1 or 2 y old when sampled. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in detections of birds between plantations with and without herbicide treatment. However, 1-y-old plantations (both treated and untreated) had fewer detections (P < 0.05) than 2-y-old plantations for 3 individual species and for all 16 species combined.

scholarly journals Early Pine Response to Control of Herbaceous and Shrub Vegetation in the Flatwoods

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Lauer ◽  
Glenn R. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Herbicide treatments were used at four flatwood locations in north Florida and south Georgia to compare early pine response to control of herbaceous and shrub vegetation following bedding. Treatments consisted of three levels of shrub control (none, first year, repeated) with and without first year herbaceous vegetation control. All studies were located on spodosols planted with either loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (Pinus elliottii Englem.) pine. Responses due to shrub control were about twice that of herbaceous control with height responses of 2.2, 5.0, and 6.9 ft due to first year herbaceous control, shrub control, and the combination of both herbaceous and shrub control, respectively. Pine response did not differ due to duration of shrub control because the difference in shrub cover between first year and repeated shrub control treatments was minor in these young stands. Pines averaged 18.3 ft in height and 3.2 in. in dbh 5 yr after planting when both herbaceous and shrub vegetation was controlled with these operational-like site preparation treatments that combine bedding with first year herbicide applications. Shrub occupancy was highest on treatments that did not include shrub control and continued to increase through the first 5 yr. Operational site-preparation treatments that combine bedding with herbicide applications should be considered in situations where shrub vegetation is present because of the long-term impact that shrubs have on pine yield. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):201-208.

scholarly journals Validation of an Integrated Estimation of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Leaf Area Index (LAI) Using Two Indirect Optical Methods in the Southeastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Iiames ◽  
Russell Congalton ◽  
Andrew Pilant ◽  
Timothy Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Whole Tree

Abstract Quality assessment of satellite-derived leaf area index (LAI) products requires appropriate ground measurements for validation. Since the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launch of Terra (1999) and Aqua (2001), 1-km, 8-day composited retrievals of LAI have been produced for six biome classes worldwide. The evergreen needle leaf biome has been examined at numerous validation sites, but the dominant commercial species in the southeastern United States, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), has not been investigated. The objective of this research was to evaluate an in situ optical LAI estimation technique combining measurements from the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC) optical sensor and digital hemispherical photography (DHP) in the southeastern US P.taeda forests. Stand-level LAI estimated from allometric regression equations developed from whole-tree harvest data were compared to TRAC–DHP optical LAI estimates at a study site located in the North Carolina Sandhills Region. Within-shoot clumping, (i.e., the needle-to-shoot area ratio [γE]) was estimated at 1.21 and fell within the range of previously reported values for coniferous species (1.2–2.1). The woody-to-total area ratio (α = 0.31) was within the range of other published results (0.11–0.34). Overall, the indirect optical TRAC–DHP method of determining LAI was similar to LAI estimates that had been derived from allometric equations from whole-tree harvests. The TRAC–DHP yielded a value 0.14 LAI units below that retrieved from stand-level whole-tree harvest allometric equations. DHP alone yielded the best LAI estimate, a 0.04 LAI unit differential compared with the same allometrically derived LAI.

scholarly journals Transition from Fire-Dependent Open Forests: Alternative Ecosystem States in the Southeastern United States

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Brice B. Hanberry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Land use and fire exclusion have influenced ecosystems worldwide, resulting in alternative ecosystem states. Here, I provide two examples from the southeastern United States of fire-dependent open pine and pine-oak forest loss and examine dynamics of the replacement forests, given continued long-term declines in foundation longleaf (Pinus palustris) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) pines and recent increases in commercial loblolly (Pinus taeda) and slash (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) pines. Shortleaf pine-oak forest historically may have been dominant on about 32 to 38 million ha, a provisional estimate based on historical composition of 75% of all trees, and has decreased to about 2.5 million ha currently; shortleaf pine now is 3% of all trees in the northern province. Longleaf pine forest decreased from about 30 million ha, totaling 75% of all trees, to 1.3 million ha and 3% of all trees in contemporary forests of the southern province. The initial transition from open pine ecosystems to closed forests, primarily comprised of broadleaf species, was countered by conversion to loblolly and slash pine plantations. Loblolly pine now accounts for 37% of all trees. Loss of fire-dependent ecosystems and their foundation tree species affect associated biodiversity, or the species that succeed under fire disturbance.

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