The Role of Consequences in Moral Decisions

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Louis O. Katsoff ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Decisions

scholarly journals Generational Change? The Effects of Family, Age, and Time on Moral Foundations

The Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Country Culture ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract One way to uncover the persistent role of religion across generations is to look past traditional understandings of religious belief and denominational belonging and examine the presence of bedrock principles that could influence political beliefs in families. The Moral Foundations framework was developed for this purpose – to describe human behavior and attitudes in the moral realm without relying upon country, culture, or time specific labels. In an original and rare three-generation dataset, college students, their parents, and their grandparents were asked about political attitudes and preferences for the Moral Foundations of Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. The Foundations are not equally shared across generations as preferences for each Foundation increase with the age of the cohorts in this sample, with especially large differences on Authority and Purity. A follow-up survey reveals that Moral Foundations may not be stable across even short periods of time. These findings suggest that the political appeals that may work on older Americans may be less effective on the younger generations. If individuals indeed make moral decisions based on these types of bedrock principles, understanding which of these principles or Foundations drive particular age groups can help us better understand shifts in public opinion.

scholarly journals Individual and Environmental Correlates of Adolescents’ Moral Decision-Making in Moral Dilemmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Bacchini ◽  
Grazia De Angelis ◽  
Mirella Dragone ◽  
Concetta Esposito ◽  
Gaetana Affuso
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Parental Rejection ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Moral Decisions

While extensive research has been conducted on adults’ judgments in moral sacrificial dilemmas, there is little research on adolescents. The present study aimed at: (1) adding further empirical evidence about adolescents’ moral decisions (deontological vs. utilitarian) in sacrificial moral dilemmas and (2) investigating how these moral decisions relate with gender, school grade, emotional traits (callous-unemotional traits), context-related experiences (perceived parental rejection and community violence exposure), and moral-related factors (moral disengagement and universalism value). A sample of 755 Italian adolescents (54.7% females; Mean age=16.45, SD=1.61) attending the second and the fifth year of secondary school took part in the study. Two sacrificial trolley-type dilemmas (where harmful actions promote the greater good) were presented. In the “switch” scenario (impersonal sacrificial dilemma), the choice is whether to hit a switch to save five people killing only one person. In the “footbridge” scenario (personal sacrificial dilemma), the choice is whether to push a large man off a footbridge saving five persons. For each scenario, participants had to indicate whether the proposed action was “morally acceptable” or not. Data were analyzed performing generalized linear mixed models. Our results showed that: (1) Adolescents were more likely to indicate as admissible to hit the switch rather than to push the large man; (2) male adolescents, compared to females, were more likely to say it was morally acceptable to intervene in the footbridge dilemma, whereas younger adolescents said it was morally acceptable both in the switch and the footbridge situations; and (3) higher levels of callous-unemotional traits, perceived parental rejection, and moral disengagement, on the one hand, and lower levels of universalism, on the other hand, were associated to higher admissibility to intervene in the footbridge scenario. Higher community violence exposure was associated with a lower propensity to intervene in the switch scenario. Overall, the present study expands the research on sacrificial dilemmas involving a sample of adolescents. The findings support previous studies concerning the role of emotions in making moral decisions but, at the same, open new perspectives regarding the role of contextual experiences and moral-related factors.

scholarly journals Designing, implementing and evaluation of educational program of ethics in education by scenario based discussion: A Scholarship study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Sadati ◽  
M Motaharipour ◽  
H Farajidana ◽  
R Abjar
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Key Concepts

Introduction: The commitment of faculty members to observe ethical principles and values in the role of a model leads to the strengthening of ethics in students and consequently the development of ethics in society. Therefore, universities need to promote and effectively teach ethics to their professors. Methods: The present intervention study was designed, implemented and evaluated in the form of a scholarly activity following the Kern curriculum model. Initially, after reviewing the studies and needs assessment, the course objectives, educational content and teaching strategy were determined. Then, ten training sessions were held with a discussion-based teaching method based on real scenarios. All discussions in the classrooms were recorded and implemented. At the end of each session, participants were asked to submit scenarios based on their personal experiences. For evaluation, the number of participants and scenarios were evaluated and the discussions were analyzed and interpreted by content analysis. Result: Data analysis confirmed the presence of 110 faculty members and the submission of 32 scenarios. In the qualitative section, 194 initial codes were extracted in four main categories: "commitment to teaching and student learning ", "ethics as law", "ethics-oriented educational atmosphere" and "teacher role model". Conclusion: Considering the welcome of the faculty members and the extraction of key concepts, It is suggested to use this teaching method in the ability of professors to understand the principles of ethics in education, create moral sensitivity and strengthen moral decisions.

The role of feelings in making moral decisions

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Banja
Keyword(s):  
Moral Decisions

scholarly journals Role of Communication in Ethical HR Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Anusriya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Professional Challenges ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Communication Barrier ◽  
A Company

At present, we see HR Professionals are tasked with various ethical as well as professional challenges such as inequality in workplace, sexual harassments, setting standards for workplace conducts amongst few. When certain types of scandals threaten the status quo of a company, it becomes the prerogative of the HR to take tough decisions and handle the matter swiftly so that the daily work culture is not affected. Thus, an HR professional can be termed as the “moral police” of a company. But this task is no easy feat. It befalls on a them to master the art of ethical decision making and become a valuable resource by communicating them not only to the employees but for the sake of company as well. In this study, I aim to point out the major problems that an HR face while taking tough calls on moral decisions and how he/she can overcome their dilemma and overcome the communication barrier that is common in most organizational sectors. My study will mainly focus on the four Ws : What kind of situation may arise that can threaten the moral grounds of decision making, Why such threatening situations may arise , What can be ethically done to overcome such situation and Ways to communicate them to the employees of the organization.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological markers of fairness and selfishness revealed by a combination of Dictator and Ultimatum Games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Miraghaie ◽  
Hamidreza Pouretemad ◽  
Alessandro E. P. Villa ◽  
Mohammad A. Mazaheri ◽  
Reza Khosrowabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Selfish Behavior ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Frontal Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials

In the framework of neuroeconomics, Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a combination of a Dictator Game (DG), in which the participants always played the role of Allocators, and an Ultimatum Game (UG), in which the participants always played the role of Responders. Behavioral analysis showed that the majority of participants were characterized by very low levels of altruistic decision making, which included two homogenous groups of individuals, one expressing fairness (GrpF, about 26%) and one selfish behavior (GrpS, about 20%). In the analysis of both games, an early negativity (N1) in the fronto-central cortical sites distinguished the GrpF and GrpS participants. The subsequent P2 wave component appeared more associated with the characteristics of the stimulus than with its behavioral value. During UG, we observed that a medial frontal negativity (MFN) occurred earlier and with greater amplitude in GrpS than in GrpF, which depended to a large extent to a spiteful punishment when the Responder refused offers less favorable for himself. The late positive component (LPC) of ERP recorded in posterior-parietal cortical sites was evoked earlier and with greater amplitude during UG than in DG and, in both games, LPC was evoked earlier and with greater amplitude in GrpS than in GrpF. Our results bring new evidence to the existence of different circuits activated by the evaluation of fair and unfair proposals in participants characterized by different expressions of perceived fairness, thus suggesting that particular brain dynamics could be associated with moral decisions.

scholarly journals Reasons probably won’t change your mind: The role of reasons in revising moral decisions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 962-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Stanley ◽  
Ashley M. Dougherty ◽  
Brenda W. Yang ◽  
Paul Henne ◽  
Felipe De Brigard
Keyword(s):  
Moral Decisions

scholarly journals Does inappropriate behavior hurt or stink? The interplay between neural representations of somatic experiences and moral decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. eaat4390
Author(s):  
G. Sharvit ◽  
E. Lin ◽  
P. Vuilleumier ◽  
C. Corradi-Dell’Acqua
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Somatic Experiences

Embodied models suggest that moral judgments are strongly intertwined with first-hand somatic experiences, with some pointing to disgust, and others arguing for a role of pain/harm. Both disgust and pain are unpleasant, arousing experiences, with strong relevance for survival, but with distinctive sensory qualities and neural channels. Hence, it is unclear whether moral cognition interacts with sensory-specific properties of one somatic experience or with supramodal dimensions common to both. Across two experiments, participants evaluated ethical dilemmas and subsequently were exposed to disgusting (olfactory) or painful (thermal) stimulations of matched unpleasantness. We found that moral scenarios enhanced physiological and neural activity to subsequent disgust (but not pain), as further supported by an independently validated whole-brain signature of olfaction. This effect was mediated by activity in the posterior cingulate cortex triggered by dilemma judgments. Our results thus speak in favor of an association between moral cognition and sensory-specific properties of disgust.

Cortisol and moral decisions among young men: The moderating role of motivation toward closure

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kossowska ◽  
Aneta Czernatowicz-Kukuczka ◽  
Ewa Szumowska ◽  
Anna Czarna
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Moderating Role
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