The Ethical Implications of the Intentional Fallacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Rosanna Sparacino ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Intentional Fallacy

I argue that biographical information is akin to other non-aesthetic, social, historical, or political information. As such, artist’s biographies are always relevant and important when interpreting art. While the meaning and value of a piece of art is not determined by any single piece of contextual information, neither is its meaning and value ever entirely separated from context. In some cases, however, a piece of art that is technically magnificent may be experienced as repugnant when the artist has committed egregious acts.

scholarly journals The Ethical Implications of The Intentional Fallacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Rosanna Sparacino
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Intentional Fallacy

I argue that biographical information is akin to other non-aesthetic, social, historical, or political information. As such, artist’s biographies are always relevant and important when interpreting art. While the meaning and value of a piece of art is not determined by any single piece of contextual information, neither is its meaning and value ever entirely separated from context. In some cases, however, a piece of art that is technically magnificent may be experienced as repugnant when the artist has committed egregious acts.

scholarly journals Forgotten acquaintance of Maksym Rylskyi: Valia Mykhalchuk (from comments on writer’s letters)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Bohdan Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Political Information ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
High Level ◽  
Made In

The article addresses some issues within comments on Maxym Rylskyi’s epistolary heritage. Based on the analysis of the preserved correspondence between the writer and Yaroslav Vitoshynskyi in the 1950s—1960s, in comparison with the discovered archival documents, an assumption was made that there were inaccuracies in the comments on Maksym Rylskyi’s published correspondence. According to the author of the paper, the letters don’t tell about Valentyn Mykhalchuk, some person that remains thoroughly unidentified, but about composer Valerian Mykhalchuk who became a victim of political repression in 1937. The biographical information of the possible mutual acquaintance of both correspondents is taken from his investigative case. Given the possible high level of inaccuracy in this type of sources, since the arrestees used to give deliberately false testimonies under pressure, thus incriminating themselves and others, only non-political information was included in the analysis. An important source was the retained materials of the retrial, including the characteristics of people who knew Valerian Mykhalchuk personally. It’s true that such documents may also contain memory errors due to their diachronic nature in relation to the events described, so they should not be trusted unconditionally. The proposed hypothesis requires further validation, which, if confirmed, not only corrects the error made in the comments to Rylskyi’s published correspondence but also broadens the knowledge about the writer’s social circle in the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, the paper indicates the incorrect dating of Maksym Rylskyi’s poem “The ‘Brothers’ Liberator’ is going on…”

Behavior in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Monti ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Brain Insults ◽  
Brain Behavior

Recent evidence has suggested that functional neuroimaging may play a crucial role in assessing residual cognition and awareness in brain injury survivors. In particular, brain insults that compromise the patient’s ability to produce motor output may render standard clinical testing ineffective. Indeed, if patients were aware but unable to signal so via motor behavior, they would be impossible to distinguish, at the bedside, from vegetative patients. Considering the alarming rate with which minimally conscious patients are misdiagnosed as vegetative, and the severe medical, legal, and ethical implications of such decisions, novel tools are urgently required to complement current clinical-assessment protocols. Functional neuroimaging may be particularly suited to this aim by providing a window on brain function without requiring patients to produce any motor output. Specifically, the possibility of detecting signs of willful behavior by directly observing brain activity (i.e., “brain behavior”), rather than motoric output, allows this approach to reach beyond what is observable at the bedside with standard clinical assessments. In addition, several neuroimaging studies have already highlighted neuroimaging protocols that can distinguish automatic brain responses from willful brain activity, making it possible to employ willful brain activations as an index of awareness. Certainly, neuroimaging in patient populations faces some theoretical and experimental difficulties, but willful, task-dependent, brain activation may be the only way to discriminate the conscious, but immobile, patient from the unconscious one.

The glorious jubilee of Rujero Sergeevich Gilyarevsky

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
M. Dvorkina
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
Information Sciences

The author offers the brief biographical information on Rujero Sergeevich Gilyarevsky whose 90-th anniversary is celebrated. She reviews the main stages of his academic and pedagogical career, in particular, his scholarly works, his two theses studies (candidate’s and doctoral), numerous publications that have been contributing to the librarianship, library and information sciences. The author emphasizes the scope of Gilyarevsky’s professional interests and retraces expanding of the subject scope of his publications – from catalog structuring (1954) to cloud technologies, information management and scientometrics. Rujero Gilyarevsky analyzes the problems of the libraries (and e-libraries, in particular), their future, professional values of the librarians within the digital communication environment, bibliography as an element of information culture. R. Gilyarevsky has complete mastery of several foreign languages. The selected bibliography of R. Gilarevsky’s publications, including those co-authored by his colleagues, is appended.

Memorandum (1911) about a well-preserved mammoth from the Russian Arctic donated by Aleksander Stenbock-Fermor to Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
P. Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Biographical Information

In 1911 Aleksander Stenbock-Fermor, a Russian aristocrat, offered the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, a well-preserved mammoth from Lyakhowskiy Island, New Siberian Isles. This paper presents a hitherto unpublished memorandum that Stenbock-Fermor addressed to Edmond Perrier, the Museum's director, which related the circumstances surrounding the discovery, removal and transportation of the mammoth from Siberia to St Petersburg and thence to Paris. The paper also presents some biographical information on Konstany Wołłossowicz, who explored Siberia and who organized the expedition to Lyakhowskiy Island in order to bring the mammoth to Europe.

Daniel Chambers Macreight FRCP, FLS (1799–1856), a little-known, innovative Irish botanist

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
E. CHARLES NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Biographical Information

Biographical information is provided for Daniel Chambers Macreight. He worked in Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle's herbarium at Geneva during the early 1830s, and later in the decade was prominent in medico-botanical circles in London. Macreight retired in 1840, due to ill-health, and moved to Jersey in the Channel Islands where he died. In 1837, he published an innovative Manual of the British flora which covered both native and cultivated plants. This flora contained two novel features: dichotomous keys were provided to assist students to identify plants, and the category subspecies was employed for taxa within the genera Rosa, Rubus and Salix.

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