No Mind is an Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Peter Raabe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Individual

This essay disputes the approach to so-called 'mental illness' in which the individual patient is presumed to be the locus of hi or her 'disorder,' and should therefore be treated with brain-altering drugs. My position is predicated on the conviction that no one's mind is identical to their brain. Nor is anyone's mind a totally isolated island in the dynamic sea of human interactions and cognitions, and should not be treated as such.

The Attempt to Author the World: How Intellectualism Denies the Individual

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Wheelock
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Existential Theory ◽  
Feminist Scholar ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Existential Issues

Although primarily known as a feminist scholar and author of such works as She Came to Stay and The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir contributed heavily to French existential thought. The two writings upon which this paper focuses, The Ethics of Ambiguity and The Woman Destroyed, deal with the existential issues involved in human interactions and personal relationships. The Ethics of Ambiguity, famous as an exploration of the ethical code created by existential theory, begins with a criticism of Marxism and the ways in which it deviates from existentialism. Similarly, the first of the three short stories that make up de Beauvoir’s fictional work The Woman Destroyed follows the French intelligentsia and their similarities and digressions from Marxist and existential thought. In this paper, I seek to analyze Simone de Beauvoir’s criticism of Marxist theory in The Ethics of Ambiguity and its transformation into the critique of intellectualism found twenty years later in The Woman Destroyed. I will investigate Marxism’s alleged attempts to constrain the group it wishes to lead and the motivation behind these actions. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of the efficacy of fiction as a medium for de Beauvoir’s philosophy.

scholarly journals Public Roads as Places of Interspecies Conflict: A Study of Horse-Human Interactions on UK Roads and Impacts on Equine Exercise

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Danica Pollard ◽  
Tamzin Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Near Miss ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
The Road ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
The Individual

Real or perceived traffic risk is a significant barrier to walking and cycling. To understand whether similar barriers influence equestrians, this study obtained exercise behaviours, road use and experiences of road-related incidents from UK equestrians (n = 6390) via an online questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with road use and experiencing a near-miss or injury-causing incident in the previous year. Content analysis identified themes around equestrians’ decisions not to use roads. Our results show that most equestrians (84%) use roads at least once weekly, and in the previous year, 67.7% had a near-miss and 6.1% an injury-causing incident. Road use differs regionally, with exercise type and off-road route availability. Road-using equestrians covered greater daily distances and were younger. However, younger equestrians were at higher risk of near-misses. Respondents’ decisions not to use roads were based on individualised risk assessments arising from: the road itself, perceptions of other road users, the individual horse and the handler’s own emotional management. Roads were perceived as extremely dangerous places with potentially high conflict risk. Injury-causing incidents were associated with increasing road-use anxiety or ceasing to use roads, the proximity of off-road routes, having a near-miss and type of road use. Targeted road-safety campaigns and improved off-road access would create safer equestrian spaces.

Enabling Occupation: The Importance of an Affirming Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Rebeiro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Occupational therapists have become increasingly concerned with factors beyond the individual which impact occupational performance. Several recent models propose that the environment is a significant influence on occupational performance and upon its meaningfulness. An in-depth, qualitative study was conducted which explored the meaning of occupational engagement for eight women with mental illness (Rebeiro & Cook, 1999). This study yielded several important insights about the environment, which have recently been replicated by Legault and Rebeiro (2001) and Rebeiro, Day, Semeniuk, O'Brien, and Wilson (In Press). Participants suggested that environments that provide opportunity, and not prescription are more conducive to fostering occupational performance. Participants further suggested that an environment that provides Affirmation of the individual as a person of worth, a place to belong, and a place to be supported, enables occupational performance over time. A series of research studies indicated that the social environment is an important consideration in planning therapeutic interventions which aim to enable occupation. Implications for occupational therapy practice, education and research are offered

What Is Psychosis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Beth Broussard ◽  
Michael T. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Work Goals

This first chapter explains what psychosis is. Psychosis is a treatable mental illness. For many people with first-episode psychosis, symptoms begin to clear up partially or completely within weeks of starting treatment. Although the symptoms of psychosis may be frightening to the individual and his or her family, there are treatments for these symptoms. First-episode psychosis is the period of time when a person first begins to experience psychosis. It is during this time that young people and their families need detailed information about the initial evaluation and treatment. People who get into treatment earlier often do better. In many places, specialty treatment programs now exist that specifically focus on first-episode psychosis. Those programs often provide treatments designed to help young people get back on track in terms of school and work goals.

The Mentally Ill in Your Caseload

2016 ◽  
pp. 409-420
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dynamic Psychology ◽  
The Individual

In this talk delivered to social workers, Winnicott brings his understanding of professional psychiatry, with its attempts to treat severe mental illness using a more humane approach, together with his belief in dynamic psychology—the emotional development of the individual derived from the study of psychoanalysis—into a closer connection with one another. He charts a brief outline of psychoanalysis and interprets the psychoses through it. He sees the importance of early environmental factors in mental illness and the possible effects of this on maturation. He comments on depression both normal and psychotic in type, on his theories of personalization, of feeling real, and, through early dependence, the gradual growth of the functioning self. He also gives an empathic view of the role of the social worker in the difficult work of treating acute mental ill health.

scholarly journals Die rol van die gemeenskapsverpleegkundige in geestesgesondheid

Curationis ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
School Children ◽  
Community Nurse ◽  
Ideal Position ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Promote Mental Health

Mental health is an umbrella-like concept encompassing the psychological, emotional and social equilibrium of an individual. Today we are confronted with an ever increasing incidence of mental illness. The individual is unable to adapt and his reactions are unacceptable, inappropriate and inadequate. The community nurse plays a very important role in the prevention of mental illness and the promotion of mental health. The community nurse comes into contact with many people in the community such as the infants, school children, mothers as well as the aged. She is in the position to identify the earliest signs of mental illness and she is also in the ideal position to promote mental health. She plays a role at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention and must therefore be adequately trained and prepared for this very important function.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Supported Employment, and Outcomes in People with Severe Mental Illness

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim T. Mueser ◽  
Susan M. Essock ◽  
Michael Haines ◽  
Rosemarie Wolfe ◽  
Haiyi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Individual Placement And Support ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Placement

AbstractObjective: To evaluate whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to outcomes in persons with severe mental illness (SMI) participating in a study of vocatinal rehabilitation programsBackground: PTSD is a common comorbid disorder in people with SMI, but it is unknown whether PTSD interferes with the ability to benefit from rehabilitation programs such as supported employment.Methods: The relationships between PTSD and symptoms, health, quality of life, and work outcomes was examined in 176 clients with SMI participating in a 2-year randomized controlled trial of three vocational rehabilitation programs: supported employment based on the Individual Placement and Support model, a psychosocial rehabilitation program based on transitional employment, and standard services.Results: The overall rate of current PTSD in the sample was 16%. Compared with clients without PTSD, clients with PTSD had more severe psychiatric symptoms, worse reported health, lower self-esteem, and lower subjective quality of life. Clients with PTSD who participated in the Individual Placement and Support model (the most effective vocational model of the three studied) also had worse employment outcomes over the 2-year study period than clients without PTSD, with lower rates of compeitive work, fewer hours worked, and fewer wages earned. Employment outcomes did not differ between clients with PTSD versus without PTSD in the other two vocational rehabilitation approaches.Conclusion: The findings suggest that PTSD may contribute to worse work outcomes in clients participating in supported employment programs. Effective treatment of these clients with PTSD may improve their ability to benefit from supported employment.

Forensic Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Norko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Forensic Evaluations ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Right To Refuse Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

This chapter represents a first effort at exploring ethics concerns at the intersections of forensic psychiatry and religion. It surveys several areas where this convergence occurs: criminal cases in which religious delusions of the defendant figured prominently in the defense; civil cases involving the right to refuse treatment secondary to religious beliefs; the complexities of applying empathy to forensic evaluations where the physician’s task is not focused on healing the individual; the challenges of permitting certain forms of religious practice in maximum security forensic hospitals; and the interplay of constructs of forgiveness, reconciliation, remorse, and insight in treating persons found not guilty by reason of mental illness of serious, violent crimes. The choice of these particular topics is not meant to exhaust the conjunction of these interdisciplinary interests but hopefully provides a place to begin their consideration.

Description and explanation of the culture-bound syndromes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The Individual

Recent attempts to deal with cultural variation have adopted one of two approaches: Particularization tries to understand mental illness as the outgrowth of local forms of life, and universalization sees it as a disorder to be understood as the malfunctioning of a common human endowment. What does it means for a syndrome to be bound up with a particular culture? The issues here concern the viability of social constructionist models in cases where the individual minds that are altered by social forces are presumed to work in untypical ways. So this chapter is more broadly about integrating social theory and cognitive theory into a framework for explaining mental illness. This should be applicable to all psychopathology, but has been most fully articulated for culture-bound syndromes, where boundaries between the normal and the pathological are often hardest for psychiatry to distinguish.

Diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill Rotter ◽  
Virginia Barber-Rioja
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Jail Diversion ◽  
Mental Health Courts ◽  
Alternatives To Incarceration ◽  
The Individual

Decreasing the number of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system remains a public mental health priority – one that has even reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Diverting individuals with mental illness from jail or prison decreases their exposure to that traumatic environment and addresses security concerns of corrections professionals charged with their care and management. When diversion is coupled with the court-based, problem-solving approach of monitored care and treatment in the community, public safety is improved and the clinical success of the individual is enhanced. When treatment in the community includes an explicit focus on criminogenic factors, the ability to meet public safety goals are enhanced even further. Given these several goals, as well as the considerable variability from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in court resources, treatment resources, social supports, political philosophies, and fiscal realities, the types of diversion that will work for one community may not work for another. However, the overwhelming majority of the data is clear that diversion can be implemented with documented success in the domains described above, and that there are a number of beneficial models for client intercept and associated programming. This chapter reviews the major models used to divert those with serious mental illness from incarceration, paying attention to some of the legal and clinical issues that arise as a result of diversion initiatives. Brief overviews of those interventions, including drug and mental health courts, jail diversion programs, and alternatives to incarceration for the mentally ill, are presented.

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