Knowledge of the Whole in Friedrich Hölderlin’s “Being Judgement Possibility”

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Hugo E. Herrera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Access ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Intellectual Intuition ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Way

In “Being Judgement Possibility,” Hölderlin posits that the division between subject and object produced in conscious knowledge requires admitting a being as the ground of that knowledge’s unity. Commentators argue over the way to access such being according to Hölderlin. For Dieter Henrich, being is a presupposition recognized reflexively. Manfred Frank, by contrast, maintains that Hölderlin grants direct access to it in an “intellectual intuition.” This article addresses the respective interpretations of both authors. It shows that Frank’s interpretation is closer to the textual evidence than Henrich’s interpretation. Frank’s interpretation also allows one to explain better the way in which the division between subject and object avoids leading to dispersal. Finally, this article considers the insufficiency of Frank’s interpretation so as to clarify an issue that he himself advances in the course of his argument: how the I manages to distinguish itself in the sphere of intuitable objects.

Bacon’s Novum organum

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Elodie Cassan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Way

Dan Garber’s paper provides materials permitting to reply to an objection frequently made to the idea that the Novum Organum is a book of logic, as the allusion to Aristotle’s Organon included in the very title of this book shows it is. How can Bacon actually build a logic, considering his repeated claims that he desires to base natural philosophy directly on observation and experiment? Garber shows that in the Novum Organum access to experience is always mediated by particular questions and settings. If there is no direct access to observation and experience, then there is no point in equating Bacon’s focus on experience in the Novum Organum with a rejection of discursive issues. On the contrary, these are two sides of the same coin. Bacon’s articulation of rules for the building of scientific reasoning in connection with the way the world is, illustrates his massive concern with the relation between reality, thinking and language. This concern is essential in the field of logic as it is constructed in the Early Modern period.

The Subjectivity of Nature

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
James Miller
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Objective World ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Way

Daoism proposes a radical reversal of the way that modern human beings think about the natural world. Rather than understanding human beings as “subject” who observe the “objective” world of nature, Daoism proposes that subjectivity is grounded in the Dao or Way, understood as the wellspring of cosmic creativity for a world of constant transformation. As a result the Daoist goal of “obtaining the Dao” offers insights into the ecological quest to transcend the modern, Cartesian bifurcation of subject and object, self and world. From this follows an ideal of human action not as the projection of agency onto an neutral, objective backdrop but as a transaction or mediation between self and world.

Skeptical Ignorance: Hume, Shelley, and the Mystery of “Mont Blanc”

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Taylor Schey
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Quentin Meillassoux ◽  
The Way

AbstractLiterary history commonly holds that the Enlightenment inaugurated an epistemological crisis to which the British Romantic poets sought to respond. The skeptical separation of subject and object is considered a central problem for Romanticism, which is thought to rest on a desire to regain access to things in themselves—or, in a more recent idiom, to what Quentin Meillassoux calls “the great outdoors” and Jane Bennett calls “the out-side.” This story does not stand up to scrutiny. A reexamination of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poetry and philosophy reveals that he was positively invested in a poetic praxis of skeptical ignorance derived from David Hume and that this praxis allowed him to vacate the question of the way things really are. Eschewing the masculinist quest to penetrate the secrets of the natural world, this skeptical praxis offers a quiet solution to the mind-nature problem by dissolving its existence as a problem. It also overhauls our understanding of “Mont Blanc” and illuminates a Romantic tradition founded on a poetics of epistemic sufficiency.

Visionary Experience and Ritual Realism in the Ascent of the Discourse on the Eighth and the Ninth (nhc vi,6)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
Christian H. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Nag Hammadi ◽  
Hermes Trismegistus ◽  
The Way

The Discourse on the Eighth and the Ninth (nhc vi,6) is a dialogue between Hermes Trismegistus and his son, during which they experience visions of the eighth and ninth spheres, above the seven planetary spheres. The paper aims to show that such experiences were not merely literary fiction, but actively pursued and allegedly obtained by those who followed the course of spiritual formation known as the Way of Hermes. A comparison with the Greek and Demotic magical papyri shows that these texts all show signs of “ritual realism,” meaning that correct ritual performance necessarily provides direct access to the divine realm, which should be experienced as real. It is furthermore argued that the Coptic translation of the text, and its presence in the Nag Hammadi codices, might be explained by the interest of Egyptian monks in visions of the divine.

Sallust in Julian of Aeclanum

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Lössl
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe importance of Cicero in the debate between Augustine of Hippo and Julian of Aeclanum has been extensively studied. This includes Augustine's and Julian's use of the Catilinarian speeches in their polemics against each other. In comparison the use of Sallust, the other classical authority on Catiline, especially by Julian of Aeclanum, has been neglected. This paper intends to remedy that situation. Textual evidence may be meagre: barely two literal citations in three of the extant fragments of Julian's writings. But Julian's use of these, also compared with Jerome's and Augustine's, and the way his use of Sallust is reflected in the rest of his extant writing and thought gives the impression that he may have been far more deeply influenced by Sallust than has hitherto been thought.

EDITING HUME'S TREATISE

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES A. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Textual History ◽  
Critical Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
Essay Concerning Human Understanding ◽  
The Way

In 1975 the Clarendon Press at Oxford published Peter Nidditch's edition of John Locke's An Essay concerning Human Understanding. In his Introduction Nidditch says that his edition “offers a text that is directly derived, without modernization, from the early published versions; it notes the provenance of all its adopted readings (some of which are new, correcting long-established errors); and it aims at recording all relevant differences between these versions”. As Nidditch goes on to acknowledge, the “relevant differences” were many, “requiring several thousand registrations both in the case of material variants (deletions, additions, or changes of wording) and in the case of formal variants (changes of punctuation, parentheses, italics, etc.)”. The textual history of Locke's Essay is extremely complicated. While there is no manuscript of the first edition of the book, there were four editions in Locke's lifetime, each new one containing extensive and significant revisions, as well as a posthumous edition published shortly after the author's death. There was a translation into French made with Locke's cooperation and published in 1700, and a Latin translation came out a year later. Nevertheless, Nidditch managed to record all the material variants in footnotes to the text, in a way that makes it fairly easy to track the changes that Locke made to successive editions of the book, and to locate points at which judgements had to be made as a critical text was established on the basis of the chosen copy text. Sometimes a critical edition succeeds in completely changing the way that a text is read. Peter Laslett's 1960 edition of Locke's Two Treatises of Government is a good example. Nidditch's edition of the Essay did not have that kind of very dramatic effect on Locke scholarship. Rather, it made it possible for those without direct access to all the early editions to engage in careful, historically sensitive studies of Locke's account of human understanding. The result was a slow revolution in Locke studies that continues to shed new light on even the most familiar aspects of the Lockean philosophy.

Information Retrieval Technology in Education

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Gratch
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Computer Search ◽  
Technology In Education ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
The Way

Microcomputer technology has had a tremendous effect on the way information and research in education can be retrieved. Since the early 1960's and the availability of online computer searching of the ERIC database, about thirty U.S.-produced databases specifically oriented to educators have become available. Microcomputer technology makes direct access possible to these databases by anyone with a microcomputer, modem, and printer. Such direct access means that educators who have not had the opportunity to use library computer search services may now conduct their own online, interactive searches of the vast body of published literature and other products of educational research and practice. This article identifies and describes many of the educational databases and the information retrieval companies that offer information search services for educators.

Self and Nature in Heidegger

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Paolo Diego Bubbio
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
The Self ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Way ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract This article provides an analysis of the development of the notions of “self” and “nature” through three stages of Heidegger’s thought. The main contention is that Heidegger’s conceptions of the self and nature are indissolubly connected to each other, and that such connection appears through three concerns that represent important elements of continuity: 1) the “irreducibility of the self,” conceived in a non-subjectivist way; 2) the recovery of a non-objectivist “originary” account of nature; 3) the overall commitment to the overcoming of the polarization between subject and object. I argue that there is a parallelism in the way self and nature are addressed in each of the three phases; and that the transformations of the notions are functional to the project of addressing the concerns mentioned earlier. I conclude by addressing the “violence of nature,” which remains a “blind spot” in the philosophy of the later Heidegger.

The Empire in the Southwest

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-213
Author(s):  
Avraham Faust
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

In light of the information provided in the previous chapters, Chapter 7 (‘The Empire in the Southwest: Reconstructing Assyrian Activity in the Provinces’) examines the way the empire operated in the southwestern provinces, including the activity of the local governors, the deportation of some of the population, and the settling of foreign deportees. The evidence shows that indications for Assyrian administration are lacking from most of the provinces’ areas, and that they were not of much significance for the imperial authorities, which concentrated their efforts on the frontiers facing the flourishing clients. It is only in these regions that we find evidence for significant imperial activity. Combining the archaeological and textual evidence also shed light on the status of Dor, which appears to have been managed by Tyre, and indicate that parts in the coastal plain (including the anchorages) were administered by the clients.

Reception of ancient Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Florian Ebeling
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The West ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The history of reception of ancient Egypt deals with the perceptions and images of ancient Egypt in the West that emerged without direct access to ancient Egyptian sources, especially without proper knowledge of the hieroglyphs. It deals with texts, images and art as part of the history of ideas and with material culture as well. It is not about the question of whether these images and concepts correspond to the historical realities in ancient Egypt, but about the question of the way in which ancient Egypt was referred to, and about the relevance of this concept in the history of the West.

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