The Crisis of Collegiality in Scientific Organization, and the Scientific Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Yu. Antonovski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
Computer Word ◽  
Scientific System

The article substantiates that science, thanks to the latest media in the dissemination of scientific communication (especially computer word processing, big data accumulation, mega-science installations, the latest international networking platforms and collaborations), has gone beyond all institutional, organizational, regional, national and partly disciplinary borders. Science as a supranational communication system has reached a complexity that is incompatible with the standards for evaluating scientific work and scientific achievements, which are traditionally carried out in the form of scientific committees, individual examinations and other collegial forms of scientific communication. The collegiality of making the most important decisions regarding the examination of the scientific product itself, the thematic agenda, professional competencies and the resulting distribution of remuneration, reputation, ranks, degrees, grants has exhausted its capabilities to a certain extent. As a result, science turns out to be opaque both for the regulator, who is trying to exercise control over scientific institutions, and for science itself, which in the form of scientific self-government and philosophical reflection of science carries out the function of self-observation and self-description. A working hypothesis is proposed, which states that in response to this crisis of collegiality, reflection and control, new media of communicative success and new organizational forms of scientific communication crystallize in science, which can restore the ability of a scientific system to process its internal and external complexity. These media are represented by a new, social-networked form of scientific expertise and partly scientific work, which will be able to compensate for the lack of self-reflection, both at the organizational level of research institutes and at the level of global control over science as a whole.

Collaboration in Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Vitaly S. Pronskikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Distributed Organizations ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Energy Physics

The article provides a brief overview of the philosophical and methodological problems of modern collaborative research. Collaborations – distributed organizations with variable membership, consisting of a large number (sometimes several thousand) of participants – are common in experimental high-energy physics studying microcosm objects, elementary particles arising in collisions of beams of accelerated particles and nuclei at collider accelerators, as well as in biomedicine and climatology. The central issues are authorship, epistemic ownership and dependence in collaborations, the division of epistemic labor in interdisciplinary research, as well as related issues of scientific organization – peer review and distribution of credit in a team. Formally, the author, conceived as a list of persons appearing as authors of a collaborative scientific work, seems to be defined by the specific participants of the collaboration core, i.e., is a construct. However, the question can also be understood as “What does it mean to be the author of a scientific work?”, and then the answer becomes much less certain. Authorship of thousand-people articles is justified psychologically as the desire for regular performance of a ritual, which allows demonstrating joint belonging to a certain tradition, such as a long experiment, affiliation with the “workshop” of scientists studying phenomena of the microworld, which allows scientists, despite of their daily preoccupation with technical routines, to distinguish themselves from non-epistemic communities (engineers, technicians). However, specific rules that determine exactly who and why are worthy of being included as co-authors have been undergoing changes in recent years. In addition to theoretical significance, many of the problems discussed are related to actual practical issues of scientometry and the organization of scientific research, and therefore approaches to their solution can be directly embodied in scientific policy.

Effect of background music in a computer word processing task

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit K. Sengupta ◽  
Xiaopeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Processing Task ◽  
Computer Word

Statistical Packages for Personal Computers

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Grafton ◽  
Anne Permaloff
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Computer Center ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Personal Computer Software ◽  
Computer Word

An impressive number of reasonably priced personal computer software packages of interest to political scientists are now on the market. Owners of computers such as the TRS-80 Model III and the Apple II can purchase software for word processing and statistical analysis which can substantially increase their productivity. Scholars trying to meet publication deadlines need no longer be delayed by harried secretaries trying single-handedly to meet the needs of an entire department. A computer/word processor used by a typist of average ability is nearly the equal of a good professional secretary. And those with even fairly large statistical analysis requirements may no longer be tied to the university's hectic “computer center” where they must wait in line for terminals, try to think amid constant movement and never-ending conversation, or suffer errors produced by noise injected between their terminal and the main frame along telephone lines.This is an analysis of statistical packages sold by four companies for use on a variety of low, moderate, and high priced personal computers. Our focus on these packages reflects our statistical needs for research and teaching. We were looking for programs capable of handling relatively large data bases and with the capacity to perform multiple regression and time series analyses. We needed a program that could be used to analyze data generated from small survey samples. This required both frequency distribution and contingency table development and analysis. Finally, we needed a program or programs in an affordable price range.

Od publicznego rozumienia nauki do komunikacji naukowej. Uwarunkowania rozwoju komunikacji naukowej w Polsce

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Sylwia Mrozowska
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Public Understanding Of Science ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Understanding Of Science

This article is devoted to selected aspects of scientific communication in Poland. Its aim is to draw attention to the role of scientific communication in public understanding of science and to indicate the most important determinants of the development of scientific communication in Poland. It is assumed in the article that scientific communication and the popularization of research results are activities undertaken by scientists, science units and entities acting for the benefit of science in specific systemic, financial, legal or political conditions. Therefore, in order to assess the determinants of the development of scientific communication in a given country it is necessary, first of all, to get know the conditions in which it takes place. An institutional-legal analysis was used to prove this thesis. In the first, descriptive part of the article the history of the development of public understanding of science and its relationship with the development of scientific communication are mentioned, the second, research part refers to the results of the analysis of basic legal acts and available data in the scope of: the place and role of scientific communication in Polish scientific policy, including the present state of the higher education system and the solutions proposed in the reform of higher education prepared by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; the place and role of popularization of research results in the development strategy of a scientific unit on the example of the University of Gdańsk and university/researcher's obligations in the field of scientific communication towards research funding institutions.

Facilitating Written Work Using Computer Word Processing and Word Prediction

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Handley-More ◽  
J. Deitz ◽  
F. F. Billingsley ◽  
T. E. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Word Prediction ◽  
Computer Word

On the Necessity of Bulgarian Science Citation Index and the Academic Libraries Possible Contribution: Based on the Varna University of Economics Library (2014 – 2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Vyara Angelova
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
General Will ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Citation ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

The introduction of new bibliometric indicators for measuring scientific work puts the university and scientific libraries in Bulgaria in the need of creation of databases with citations of professors and scientists in every scientific organization. Each country creates its own citation index. The purpose of the article is to analyse existing bibliographic practises for classifying scientific references and the examine the question for the creation of a National platform to unite them, as well as creating a National Reference Register, in particular one for social studies. It is time for us to decide who will manage the combined citation document resources and how to create a Bulgarian index for scientific citation or a National Citation Index, in general and one for the social studies in particular. Social studies are less represented than the other branches of science, for example, in platforms like Scopus and Web of Science, which are the most influential platforms in the world and publishing and citation in them has more weight in the formation of the minimal national requirements for academic growth. I am using the historical approach and comparative analysis to show the practical experience of countries that have created such Registers and have achieved excellent results. I also offer for discussion a model to build a hierarchical structure for exchange of quoted data. The university libraries need exact criteria which citation to list and how the Bulgarian index for scientific citation in general will be formed, as well as the one for social studies.

scholarly journals Scientific Work of Pre-Service Science Teacher in Basic Physics Practicum: Analysis of Major Background with Scientific Work Capabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Faiq Makhdum Noor ◽  
Henry Setya Budhi ◽  
Dody Rahayu Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Science Teacher ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Service Science ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Scientific Attitudes

Basic Physics Practicum is a course taken by the pre-service science teacher of Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Kudus. Pre-service science teachers are required to carry out scientific work in the practicum. Scientific work includes scientific attitudes, scientific communication, and scientific process skills. The problem in this research is how the level of scientific work of pre-service science teachers who have different fields of study background in high school. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of scientific work of pre-service science teachers who have different fields of study background in high school. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive method in which research data are obtained through instruments in the form of questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. Based on the results of the study note that the ability to work scientifically which includes scientific attitudes, scientific communication, and scientific process skills possessed by a pre-service science teacherwith non-natural science backgrounds is lower than with the natural science ones. These results provide input to the lecturer team to revise the practicum draft that has been prepared so that it is more effective in improving the scientific workability, especially for pre-service science teachers with non-natural backgrounds.

Applied mathematical analysis of organizational learning culture and new media technology acceptance based on regression statistical software and a moderated mediator model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Qitaisong Shen ◽  
Zhexuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
New Media ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Learning Culture ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Organizational Learning Culture ◽  
Personal Innovativeness ◽  
Organizational Loyalty

In the hypercompetitive environment of the digital age, new media technologies are regarded as useful methods for improving organizational effectiveness and innovation. Using hierarchical regression equation and statistical software SPSS 22.0, this paper aims to explore the relationship between organizational learning culture and new media technology acceptance (NMTA), as well as the roles of organizational loyalty and personal innovativeness in state-owned companies. A total of 20161 valid questionnaires were collected for the final analysis. Based on a moderated mediator model and the bootstrapping method, the research indicates that there is a positive relationship between perceived organizational learning culture and NMTA. In addition, the effect of perceived organizational learning culture on NMTA is partially mediated by organizational loyalty. And personal innovativeness moderates the direct effect of perceived organizational learning culture on NMTA and indirect effect via organizational loyalty. The study offers implications for managers to promote the widespread use of new media technology in companies. Besides, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of new media technology adoption in state-owned companies by combining the perceived organizational level factors and personal trait.

“Us foreigners”: intersectionality in a scientific organization

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste C. Wells ◽  
Rebecca Gill ◽  
James McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Workplace Experiences ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Common ◽  
National Difference

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore intersectionality as accomplished in interaction, and particularly national difference as a component of intersectionality. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use ethnographic, shadowing methods to examine intersectionality in-depth and developed vignettes to illuminate the experience of intersectionality. Findings – National difference mitigated the common assumption in scientific work that tenure and education are the most important markers of acceptance and collegiality. Moreover, national difference was a more prominent driving occupational discourse in scientific work than gender. Research limitations/implications – The data were limited in scope, though the authors see this as a necessity for generating in-depth intersectional data. Implications question the prominence of gender and (domestic) race/gender as “the” driving discourses of difference in much scholarship and offer a new view into how organizing around identity happens. Specifically, the authors develop “intersectional pairs” to understand the paradoxes of intersectionality, and as comprising a larger, woven experience of “intersectional netting.” Social implications – This research draws critical attention to how assumptions regarding national difference shape workplace experiences, in an era of intensified global migration and immigration debates. Originality/value – The study foregrounds the negotiation of national difference in US workplaces, and focusses on how organization around said difference happens interactively in communication.

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