The Fight and Martyrdom of Polish Jews

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Kąkol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polish Jews

A Polish Weininger? The Case of Julian Unszlicht (1883–1953)

2010 ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Krzywiec
Keyword(s):  
The Holocaust ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Religious Reasons

The life of Julian Unszlicht (1883–1953) illustrates the case and process of the assimilation of Polish Jews. However, Unszlicht’s case is special as it shows that holding anti-Semitic views, which were to be a ticket to a Catholic society, guaranteed neither putting the roots down permanently nor gaining a new identity. The biography of a priest-convert allows to look closer at the processes of effacement and convergence of anti-Jewish rhetoric. The modern one, of the turn of 19th and 20th centuries, with Catholic anti-Judaism, which was constantly excused by religious reasons and at the same time, it often spread to the ethnic-racial mental grounds. Contrary to common definitions and distinctions, those two ways of thinking perfectly complemented and strengthened each other, both living using the other’s reasoning. The Holocaust added a tragic punch line to the embroiled story of the priest-convert

Home for the Homeless? The Hekdesh in Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan M. Meir
Keyword(s):  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
East European ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Jewish Hospital ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Structural Poverty ◽  
Social Marginality

This chapter examines the hekdesh, one of the grimmest institutions in East European Jewish society. The hekdesh, or Jewish hospital-cum-poorhouse, is a somewhat elusive historical phenomenon but also a useful venue for analyzing traditional forms of Jewish charity in the Russian Empire as well as the dynamics of social marginality among Russian and Polish Jews. The chapter first considers an important characteristic of Jewish charity—the tendency to distinguish between conjunctural poverty and structural poverty—before discussing the hekdesh as an institution. In particular, it describes efforts to transform the hekdesh into a true medical institution and its incarnation in the late nineteenth century as a place for beggars and other cast-offs of society, with only a nominal connection to caring for the sick. It also explains how the hekdesh may have served to perpetuate the problem of begging and vagrancy.

Polish Jews in Paris: The Ethnography of Memory.

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Iwona Irwin-Zarecka ◽  
Jonathan Boyarin
Keyword(s):  
Polish Jews

scholarly journals The Language of Cruelty of the Holocaust on the Example of “The Ringelblum Archive. Annihilation – Day by Day”

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Izabela Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
Day By Day

The Language of Cruelty of the Holocaust on the Example of The Ringelblum Archive. Annihilation – Day by DayThe Underground Archive of the Warsaw Ghetto is one of the most significant testimonies of the annihilation of Polish Jews to be preserved in social life documents, mainly written reports and photographs. The founder of the Archive, Emanuel Ringelblum, described the purpose of the collected materials as follows: “We wanted the events in every town, the experiences of every Jew – and every Jew during this war is a world unto himself – to be conveyed in the simplest, most faithful manner. Every redundant word, every literary addition or embellishment, stood out, causing a sense of dissonance and distaste. The life of Jews during this war is so tragic that not a single extra word is needed”. The aim of the paper is a linguistic analysis of the drastic language of the Holocaust on the basis of The Ringelblum Archive: Annihilation - Day by Day. Język okrucieństwa Holokaustu na przykładzie Archiwum Ringelbluma. Dzień po dniu ZagładyPodziemne Archiwum Getta Warszawskiego jest jednym z najważniejszych świadectw zagłady polskich Żydów zachowanych w dokumentach życia społecznego, głównie w reportażach i fotografiach. Założyciel Archiwum, Emanuel Ringelblum, następująco opisał cel zebranych materiałów: „Chcieliśmy, aby wydarzenia w każdym mieście, doświadczenia każdego Żyda – a każdy Żyd w czasie tej wojny jest światem dla siebie – były przekazywane w najprostszy, najwierniejszy sposób. Każde zbędne słowo, każdy dodatek literacki czy ozdoba wyróżniały się, powodując poczucie dysonansu i niesmaku. Życie Żydów w czasie tej wojny jest tak tragiczne, że nie potrzeba ani jednego dodatkowego słowa”. Celem artykułu jest analiza lingwistyczna drastycznego języka Holokaustu na podstawie książki Archiwum Ringelbluma. Dzień po dniu Zagłady.

The Trickle before the Flood

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Power Struggles ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
Jewish Refugee ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the Jewish refugees in the Holy Roman Empire in 1648–1654. Though the vast majority of the Jews fleeing the Khmelnytsky uprising preferred to remain within the Commonwealth, there is evidence of Polish Jewish refugees in the empire from as early as 1649. There are no relevant data concerning Jewish refugees in Silesia before 1654, but it seems clear that Jewish refugees from Poland, together with displaced local Jews looking for a new home, were active in repopulating the towns in Bohemia and Moravia at that time. Since Jews had long been seen as important sources of income for their lords, there had often been power struggles for control over them between the monarch and the nobility. Thus, there was more going on than anti-Jewish legislation. In his orders of 1650, the king of Bohemia may have been continuing his efforts to put a brake on the nobility by depriving it of one of its sources of income: Jews. The chapter then considers the relationship between the Jewish refugee society and the local Jewish society. It also shows the limits of mercantilism, looking at the Polish Jews in Brandenburg.

Facing the Refugee Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Lay Leadership ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Special Session ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Refugee Experience

This chapter examines how the refugee experience had a huge significance in the lives of those who survived it and had to be dealt with in one way or another. In particular, it explores how the Polish–Lithuanian Jewry came to terms with the terrible events in Ukraine. Looking at all the attempts to make sense of the tragedy together, it seems clear that the religious thinkers did not develop any kind of unified conceptual framework to allow the survivors—and the rest of Polish Jewry—to work through their traumatic experiences. That would be done not in the spiritual realm but in the public sphere. From mid-March to mid-April of 1650, the Council of Four Lands, Polish Jewry's lay leadership, met in special session with leading rabbis to address some of the most important issues facing Polish Jews at that time. Foremost among them were questions of identification; another issued to be faced was that of conversion. The chapter then recounts how the memories of the Khmelnytsky uprising were preserved by the prayers composed for 20 Sivan.

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