scholarly journals Correlation between Salivary Mutans Streptococci and Caries Increment in Primary Schoolchildren.

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-694
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi KATAYAMA ◽  
Mitsuko SATOH ◽  
Keiko ITOH ◽  
Satsuki OHTOMO ◽  
Teruko SAWADA
Keyword(s):  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

scholarly journals The Association of Caries Increment Dynamics in Preschool Children with Risk Factors: The 3-Year Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7459
Author(s):  
Nela Pilbauerova ◽  
Eva Cermakova ◽  
Romana Koberova Ivancakova ◽  
Jakub Suchanek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Untreated Caries ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Index Value

This prospective study monitored the dental status, the presence of plaque, and cariogenic microorganism levels of identical children over three years. The aim was to determine the dynamics of caries increment as well as the relationship between risk factors and caries prevalence. A total number of 125 children (72 boys and 53 girls) was included in the study, with an average age of 3.95 ± 0.06 years at the baseline. During the clinical examination at the nursery schools, the presence of dental plaque was recorded, and saliva samples were collected from the tongue of children for the DentoCult SM test providing easy detection of mutans streptococci from saliva samples. At baseline, 65.6% of the children had no caries, 4% had restored teeth with fillings or crowns or missing teeth due to caries, and 30.4% had at least one untreated caries. The percentages of intact teeth, restored or missing teeth, and untreated caries were 52.8%, 8.8%, 38.4% in the second year and 49.1%, 13.8%, and 31.1% in the third year. The dmft index value was 1.41 ± 0.24 in the first year, 2.29 ± 0.30 in the second year, and 2.33 ± 0.31 in the third year. There was a significant correlation between plaque presence and dt and dmft values (p < 0.05; the statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). This 3-year longitudinal study highlighted the importance of examining both the oral hygiene and the level of cariogenic microorganisms when undertaking the evaluation of caries risk evaluation in preschool children.

scholarly journals Salivary Mutans Streptococci and Caries Experience in Primary Schoolchildren.

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi KATAYAMA ◽  
Mitsuko SATOH ◽  
Keiko ITOH ◽  
Satsuki OHTOMO ◽  
Teruko SAWADA
Keyword(s):  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

scholarly journals Predicting Dental Caries Increment Using Salivary Biomarkers in a Remote Indigenous Australian Child Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surani Fernando ◽  
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla ◽  
Jeroen Kroon ◽  
Ratilal Lalloo ◽  
Newell W Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Caries Increment

Abstract Background The burden of childhood dental caries amongst Indigenous Australians is higher than that of other Australians. Because of differences in lifestyle and the evolutionary history of the oral microbiota associated risk indicators may differ. Our objective was to evaluate associations between caries increment, salivary biomarkers, and baseline caries status among a rural Indigenous community in Far North Queensland, Australia.MethodsThis study was part of a trial assessing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent dental caries among children. A baseline epidemiological survey and application of topical caries preventive measures was conducted in 2015, followed-up in 2016 and 2017. Saliva flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and bacterial loads were measured. Caries was scored by the International Caries Detection and Assessment system. The outcome was caries increment. Explanatory variables were sex, being in experimental or comparison group, baseline caries status, saliva flowrate and buffering capacity, pH, and salivary loads of mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli (LB), and yeast. Descriptive statistics assessed frequencies, means and percentages. Chi Square tests compared caries incidence in relation to explanatory variables and Generalised Linear Models with negative binomial regression and log-link explored associations between explanatory and outcome variables. ResultsOf children caries free at baseline, significantly fewer had incipient (p=0.01) and advanced (p=0.04) caries after two years. From Univariate analysis, children in the experimental group experienced fewer tooth surfaces with advanced caries (p=0.02) than children in the comparison group. Having caries at baseline (p=0.02) and low salivary flow rates (p <0.001) saw a significant increase in advanced caries after two years. Children with high salivary loads of MS (p=0.03) and LB (p=0.004) experienced more advanced carious surfaces. Multivariable analysis revealed 58% reduction (p=0.001) in advanced caries among children with high salivary flow rates. Caries increment was 61% (p=0.03) more for incipient and 121% (p=0.007) more for advanced caries among children who harboured higher loads of MS. ConclusionAs with other ethnicities, children with low salivary flow rates and those with high loads of MS had higher incipient and advanced caries increments after two years. These risk assessments can facilitate targeted preventive interventions for such communities. Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), No: ACTRN12615000693527; date of registration: 3rd July 2015.

Microbiological Predictors of Caries Risk

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Houte
Keyword(s):  
Test Sample ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Predictors

The prediction of caries risk has been of longstanding interest. Generally, few of the tests involving oral bacteria or their products have become accepted. Presently, the main focus is on counts of lactobacilli (L) and mutans streptococci (MS). Due to their positive numerical association with human caries and the linkage of this association to carbohydrate consumption, counts of L and MS may, potentially, serve not only as a caries risk predictor but also as an indicator of carbohydrate consumption, another caries-risk factor. The value of counts of L and MS as caries-risk predictors has been evaluated by means of studies providing data on test sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. These and other studies indicate that their use for the prediction of caries risk of individuals is not possible but is more promising for that of the caries risk of groups (e.g., identification of high-caries-risk subjects); further, the prediction of low caries risk may be more reliable than that of high caries risk. The influence of test variables on the test results has been discussed. These include the level of caries increment, subject age, methods of caries evaluation, use of saliva or dental plaque as test sample, sampling frequency, type of bacterial growth medium, and the use of simplified methods rather than conventional laboratory procedures for microbial enumeration. An approach to optimize the use of microbiological caries-risk predictors in different populations as well as their use in conjunction with other caries-risk predictors has been discussed. The latter include the incipient caries lesion or past caries experience and salivary buffering capacity and flow rate. Due to the multifactorial nature of caries etiology, it is expected that multivariate approaches rather than the use of single parameters may improve caries risk prediction for individuals as well as groups of subjects.

scholarly journals Predicting dental caries increment using salivary biomarkers in a remote Indigenous Australian child population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surani Fernando ◽  
Santosh Tadakamadla ◽  
Jeroen Kroon ◽  
Ratilal Lalloo ◽  
Newell W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Caries Increment

Abstract Background The burden of childhood dental caries amongst Indigenous Australians is higher than in other Australians. Because of differences in lifestyle and the evolutionary history of the oral microbiota, associated risk indicators may differ. Here, we evaluate associations between caries increment, salivary biomarkers and baseline caries among children aged 5–17 years residing in a remote rural Indigenous community. Methods This study was part of a trial assessing cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent dental caries among children. Baseline epidemiology and application of topical caries-preventive measures was conducted in 2015, followed-up in 2016 and 2017. Children who did not consent or failed to attend the prevention visits but did attend for follow-up epidemiology constituted a natural comparison group for evaluating the intervention. Saliva flow, pH, buffering and bacterial loads were measured at all visits. Caries was scored by the International Caries Detection and Assessment system. Outcome was caries increment. Explanatory variables were sex, being in experimental or comparison group, baseline caries, saliva flowrate and buffering, pH, and salivary loads of mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli (LB), and yeast. Chi Square tests compared caries incidence in relation to explanatory variables and Generalised Linear Models explored associations between explanatory and outcome variables. Results Of 408 participants at baseline, only 208 presented at 2-year follow-up. Of caries-free children at baseline, significantly fewer had incipient (p = 0.01) and advanced (p = 0.04) caries after two years. Children in the experimental group experienced fewer tooth surfaces with advanced caries (p = 0.02) than comparison children. Having caries at baseline (p = 0.02) and low salivary flow-rates (p < 0.001) saw a significant increase in advanced caries after two years. Children with high salivary loads of MS (p = 0.03) and LB (p = 0.004) experienced more advanced carious surfaces. Multivariable analysis revealed 58% reduction (p = 0.001) in advanced caries among children with high salivary flow rates. Caries increment was 61% (p = 0.03) more for incipient and 121% (p = 0.007) more for advanced caries among children who harboured higher loads of MS. Conclusion As with other ethnicities, children with low salivary flow and those with high MS had higher incipient and advanced caries increments after two years. Such risk assessments facilitate targeted preventive interventions for such communities. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), No: ACTRN12615000693527: 3 July 2015.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Overcoming Disorthography of Primary Schoolchildren with General Speech Underdevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
I. V. Prishchepova
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Image Study ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

The article discusses mechanisms of various kinds of disorthography (conditioned by the underdevelopment of morphological, phonemic and graphical bases of orthographic activity) in schoolchildren with general speech underdevelopment. It offers basic methodology and techniques to correct disorthography conditioned by inadequate child acquisition of phonemic, traditional principles of orthography and principles of graphics. A systematic work on the development of psychological and language components of this type of learning activity coupled with oral speech disorder overcoming facilitates successful acquisition of program requirements by such children. The following methods were used: practical (exercises, modelling, construction, schematization, games), visual (observation, image study, image and practical activity results demonstration, stimulus material demonstration), verbal methods (conversation, narration, method of language analysis and synthesis, grammar and orthographic tasks solution). The article covers the results of many years of positive experience in the correction of various types of disorthography of primary schoolchildren with general speech underdevelopment. Formation of grammatical and orthographic activity, the basics of speech and language competences, Russian language academic performance increase are prerequisites of linguistic personality development and child self-development. The practical importance of the research lies in the development and testing of methods of disorthography correction of children with general speech underdevelopment. The given methodology helps to improve their spelling skills and allows to carry out a purposeful and controlled formation of spelling activity. The results can be used in the work of speech therapy centers and educational establishments which carry out inclusive students’ education.

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