scholarly journals Experimental alveolar bone resorption in hamsters. Morphologic measurement using two-dimensional analysis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Hiroshi SEGAWA ◽  
Masaki KIKUCHI ◽  
Chyuzo MIYAZAWA ◽  
Tokio SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Two Dimensional

Three-dimensional analysis of alveolar bone resorption by image processing of 3-D dental CT images

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nagao ◽  
Takayuki Kitasaka ◽  
Kensaku Mori ◽  
Yasuhito Suenaga ◽  
Shohzoh Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Dental Ct

Assessment of Bone Resorption after Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography: A Three-Year Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Feichtinger ◽  
Rudolf Mossböck ◽  
Hans Kärcher
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Alveolar Bone Grafting ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting

Objective: Secondary bone grafting plays an important role in the dental rehabilitation of patients with clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate. A major complication of this surgical technique is resorption of the grafted bone transplant. Conventional two-dimensional radiographs are often inconclusive and do not demonstrate the true deficit. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the amount and exact location of bone loss on the basis of three-dimensional models over a period of 3 years. Design: Twenty-four patients with unilateral cleft palate were included in this prospective study. Axial computed tomography scans of all patients were taken immediately preoperatively, and 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively. Volumetric analysis was performed on three-dimensional models of the cleft defects and the bone bridges using three-dimensional computed tomography. Interventions: All patients were treated by secondary alveolar bone grafting prior to eruption of the permanent canine. Results: Extensive bone resorption was found in the bucco-palatal dimension of the alveolar portion of the transplant. The success rate of secondary bone grafting was high in cases of rapid orthodontic gap closures. The mean bone loss in the first year after surgery was 49.5%. The transplants remained almost constant in the following 2 years. Conclusions: Radiographic scales based on orthopantomography only evaluate the vertical dimension of the transplants. This study, however, showed that bone resorption in the transversal dimension is clearly underestimated with conventional two-dimensional radiographs.

scholarly journals Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediates bone resorption in periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Tianyi Zhang ◽  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Qi Ma ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Trap Staining ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an important immune factor that mediates bone metabolism by regulating the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone loss is a serious and progressive result of periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of G-CSF on periodontal inflammation have yet not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined whether an anti-G-CSF antibody could inhibit bone resorption in a model of experimental periodontitis and investigated the local expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice using ligatures. The levels of G-CSF in serum and bone marrow were measured; immunofluorescence was then performed to analyze the localization and expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Mice with periodontitis were administered anti-G-CSF antibody by tail vein injection to assess the inhibition of bone resorption. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to measure bone destruction‐related parameters via micro-computed tomography analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the presence of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe osteoclast activity in alveolar bone. Results The level of G-CSF in serum was significantly elevated in mice with periodontitis. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that G-CSF was mostly expressed in the cell membrane of gingival epithelial cells; this expression was enhanced in the periodontitis group. Additionally, systemic administration of anti-G-CSF antibody significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption, as evidenced by improvements in bone volume/total volume, bone surface area/bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, and trabecular pattern factor values. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an enhanced number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts, while TRAP staining revealed reduction of osteoclast activity. Conclusions G-CSF expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the serum and gingival epithelial cells. Together, anti-G-CSF antibody administration could alleviates alveolar bone resorption, suggesting that G-CSF may be one of the essential immune factors that mediate the bone loss in periodontitis.

scholarly journals Activated STAT3 signaling pathway by ligature-induced periodontitis could contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hu ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Xia ◽  
Huxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests a causal link between periodontitis and cognitive disorders. Systemic inflammation initiated by periodontitis may mediate the development of cognitive impairment. Our study aims to investigate the effect of ligature-induced periodontitis on cognitive function and the role of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in this process. Materials and methods Ligature-induced periodontitis was established, and the rats were treated intraperitoneally with/without the pSTAT3 inhibitor cryptotanshinone (CTS). Alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation were detected by micro-computed tomography analysis and histopathological evaluation. Locomotor activity and cognitive function were evaluated by the open field test and the Morris water maze test, respectively. The activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21) in both the periphery and cortex was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of TLR/NF-κB and ROS cascades was evaluated by RT-PCR. The expression of pSTAT3 and the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway (JAK2, STAT3, and pSTAT3) in the periodontal tissue and cortex were assessed by IHC and Western blot. The expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its key secretases was evaluated by RT-PCR. The level of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and the ratio of Aβ1-40/1-42 were measured via ELISA in the plasma and cortex while IHC was used to detect the level of Aβ1-42 in the brain. Results In periodontal ligature rats, significant alveolar bone resorption and local inflammatory cell infiltration were present. Apparent increases in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-21) were detected in peripherial blood and brain. Additionally, spatial learning and memory ability was impaired, while locomotor activity was not affected. Activated microglia and astrocytes were found in the cortex and hippocampus, presenting as enlarged cell bodies and irregular protrusions. Levels of TLR/NF-kB, PPAR and ROS were altered. The STAT3 signaling pathway was activated in both the periodontal tissue and cortex, and the processing of APP by β- and γ-secretases was promoted. The changes mentioned above could be relieved by the pSTAT3 inhibitor CTS. Conclusions Ligature-induced periodontitis in rats resulted in systemic inflammation and further abnormal APP processing, leading to cognitive impairments. In this progress, the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway may play an important role by increasing inflammatory load and promoting neuroinflammation.

Febuxostat Attenuates the Progression of Periodontitis in Rats

Pharmacology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Naseratun Nessa ◽  
Miyuki Kobara ◽  
Hiroe Toba ◽  
Tetsuya Adachi ◽  
Toshiro Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Periodontitis is a lifestyle-related disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation in gingival tissue. Febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Objective: The present study investigated the effects of febuxostat on periodontitis in a rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, periodontitis, and febuxostat-treated periodontitis groups. Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature wire around the 2nd maxillary molar and the administration of febuxostat (5 mg/kg/day) was then initiated. After 4 weeks, alveolar bone loss was assessed by micro-computed tomography and methylene blue staining. The expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a bone resorption inhibitor, was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and immunological staining, and the number of osteoclasts in gingival tissue was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), in gingival tissue were measured using quantitative RT-PCR and immunological staining. Oxidative stress in gingival tissue was evaluated by the expression of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). To clarify the systemic effects of periodontitis, blood pressure and glucose tolerance were examined. Results: In rats with periodontitis, alveolar bone resorption was associated with reductions in OPG and increases in osteoclast numbers. The gingival expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG was up-regulated in rats with periodontitis. Febuxostat significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress. It also attenuated periodontitis-induced glucose intolerance and blood pressure elevations. Conclusion: Febuxostat prevented the progression of periodontitis and associated systemic effects by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.

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