scholarly journals Is There More Than One Road to Nevus-Associated Melanoma?

2020 ◽  
pp. e2020028
Author(s):  
Roberta Vezzoni ◽  
Claudio Conforti ◽  
Silvia Vichi ◽  
Roberta Giuffrida ◽  
Chiara Retrosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
New Model ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Spontaneous Involution ◽  
Annual Risk

The association of melanoma with a preexisting nevus is still a debated subject. Histopathological data support an associated nevus in approximately 30% of all excised melanomas. The annual risk of an individual melanocytic nevus becoming malignant is extremely low and has been estimated to be approximately 0.0005% (or less than 1 in 200,000) before the age of 40 years, to 0.003% (1 in 33,000) in patients older than 60 years. Current understanding, based on the noticeable, small, truly congenital nevi and nevi acquired early in life, is that the first develops before puberty, presents with a dermoscopic globular pattern, and persists for the lifetime, becoming later a dermal nevus in the adult. In contrast, acquired melanocytic nevi develop mostly at puberty and usually undergo spontaneous involution after the fifth decade of life. The purpose of this review is to analyze the data of the literature and to propose, on the basis of epidemiological and clinical-dermoscopic characteristics, a new model of melanogenesis of nevus-associated melanoma.

scholarly journals Congenital Melanocytic Hairy Nevi in a Child from North-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Fatima Bello Jiya ◽  
Maryam Amodu- Sanni ◽  
Nma Muhammed Jiya ◽  
Dada Muhammed Aquib ◽  
Muhammed Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Face ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
North Western ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Aim: To present the first report of a large congenital melanocytic nevus with satellite nevi in an apparently healthy child from Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. Presentation of Case: A three year old girl was brought to the paediatric out-patient clinic of Paediatrics department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto with complaints of darkened skin colour on the left side of the face and scalp, the left arm, lower back, buttocks, and thighs, and excessive hair growth over the same side of the face since birth. There were no neurological symptoms Physical examination findings revealed a well-nourished, not ill looking child. She had a hyper pigmented patch on the left side of the face extending from the lower jaw to the scalp, measuring 21 cm in its longest length, with hypertrichosis on the same site, and two distinct, firm, painless nodular lesions on the left temporal region measuring 3 mm and 4mm respectively. On the lower one-third of the left arm was a hairy, velvety area of hyperpigmentation measuring 2X3 cm in diameter. Other affected sites were the lower back, the gluteal region and the thighs. Her neurologic and other systemic examinations were normal. A diagnosis of large congenital facial melanocytic hairy nevus with multiple satellite nevi was made. Discussion: Congenital melanocytic nevi are benign proliferations of melanocytic cells said to be present at birth or in the first two years of life. Large lesions are rare, they measure 20 cm or more and are said to occur more commonly on the trunk and thighs. The exact pathogenesis of congenital melanocytic nevi is yet, unknown. It is thought to occur as a result of a morphological error in the neuroectoderm during embryogenesis. Treatment of patients with large congenital melanocytic nevus may include surgical or non-surgical procedures as well as psychological interventions. Large lesions, multiple satellite lesions or paravertebral and axial locations are sometimes associated with the risk of neurological complications and malignant transformation. Conclusion: Large congenital melanocytic nevi are uncommon skin lesions that can occur in apparently healthy children. Individualization of the patients with regards to treatment options and long term monitoring are imperative.

scholarly journals BRAFV600E induces reversible mitotic arrest in human melanocytes via microrna-mediated suppression of AURKB

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S McNeal ◽  
Rachel L Belote ◽  
Hanlin Zeng ◽  
Marcus Urquijo ◽  
Kendra Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Human Melanocytes ◽  
Reciprocal Expression ◽  
Benign Melanocytic Nevi

Benign melanocytic nevi frequently emerge when an acquired BRAFV600E mutation triggers unchecked proliferation and subsequent arrest in melanocytes. Recent observations have challenged the role of oncogene-induced senescence in melanocytic nevus formation, necessitating investigations into alternative mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of proliferation arrest in nevi. We compared the transcriptomes of melanocytes from healthy human skin, nevi, and melanomas arising from nevi and identified a set of microRNAs as highly expressed nevus-enriched transcripts. Two of these microRNAs—MIR211-5p and MIR328-3p—induced mitotic failure, genome duplication, and proliferation arrest in human melanocytes through convergent targeting of AURKB. We demonstrate that BRAFV600E induces a similar proliferation arrest in primary human melanocytes that is both reversible and conditional. Specifically, BRAFV600E expression stimulates either arrest or proliferation depending on the differentiation state of the melanocyte. We report genome duplication in human melanocytic nevi, reciprocal expression of AURKB and microRNAs in nevi and melanomas, and rescue of arrested human nevus cells with AURKB expression. Taken together, our data describe an alternative molecular mechanism for melanocytic nevus formation that is congruent with both experimental and clinical observations.

scholarly journals Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMN) - A New Hope for Targeted Therapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi Tchernev ◽  
Ilia Lozev ◽  
Ivan Pidakev ◽  
Torello Lotti ◽  
Uwe Wollina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Pigmented Lesion ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

We present a 6-month-old male patient, who was consulted with dermatologist by his parents, because of a pigmented lesion, present since birth, covering almost the all skin of the back and buttocks.  A sharply bordered, unequally coloured congenital pigmented nevus, measuring approximately 21 cm in diameter was observed in the whole body skin examination. The lesion was affecting the lower 2/3 of the skin of the back and the top half of the gluteus area, extending to the lateral part of the tors, forward the abdomen and the upper lateral part of the hips, composed by multiple darker-pigmented nests and several lighter areas, with single depigmented zones, hairy surface, irregularly infiltrated on palpation. Congenital melanocytic nevi are presented in approximately 1% of newborns, while giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are the most uncommon subtype of them; with occurrence rate 1 in 50,000 births. They affect 2% of a total body surface or presenting in a diameter larger than 20 cm in older children. Although not common, the possible malignant transformation remains one of the most important considerations related to them, as the related lifetime risk of melanoma is 4% to 10%. Treatment recommendations include non-surgical methods as dermabrasion only within the first two weeks of life, for prevention the possible melanocytic deeper migration, while serial surgical excisions or tissue expanders could be useful treatment tool even in later stages. Nevertheless, cosmetic result is not always satisfactory, and the risk of malignant changes remains, in cases of previous melanocytic migration in deeper layer. Recent article suggests the potential role in the treatment of GCMN with NRAS inhibitor trametinib, approved for treatment of advanced melanoma, associated with underlying NRAS mutations. Although promising, the drug could be useful in paediatric patients, only with associated NRAS gene mutation. It is still unclear whether it could be helpful, independent of the NRAS status.

Distinctive Dermatoscopic Features of Acral Lentiginous Melanoma in Situ from Plantar Melanocytic Nevi and Their Histopathologic Correlation

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kawabata ◽  
Kunihiko Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Melanoma In Situ ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Background: An acral lentiginous melanoma in situ on the sole is often difficult to differentiate with the naked eye from an acquired plantar melanocytic nevus. Recent technical advances in epiluminescence microscopy have contributed to the differentiation of these two pigmented skin lesions. Objective: In this study, the correlation between dermatoscopic and histopathologic findings of acral lentiginous melanoma in situ on the sole are compared to those of acquired plantar melanocytic nevi. Methods: Three acral lentiginous melanomas in situ on the sole, and two cases of acral lentiginous melanoma were compared with 50 acquired plantar melanocytic nevi by means of dermatoscopy and histopathology. Results: The dermatoscopic surface profiles of acquired melanocytic nevi were composed of linear pigmentation accentuated mainly on the sulcus superficialis. Histologically, some areas of the sulcus superficialis corresponded to rete ridges of the epidermis, and nests of nevus cells were also often located there. In contrast, the acral lentiginous melanomas in situ showed diffuse, irregularly shaped pigmentation distributed in a disorderly fashion over the entire surface. Histologically, isolated areas of proliferation and small nest formations of atypical melanocytes were irregularly distributed in the epidermis. Conclusion: A distinctive dermatoscopic feature of acral lentiginous melanoma in situ is diffuse and irregular pigmentation over the entire surface of the lesion. This feature is helpful for differentiating acral lentiginous melanoma in situ from acquired plantar melanocytic nevi.

Melanocytic Nevi in Malignant Melanomas

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Qasim H. Wasti ◽  
Sonia Toussaint ◽  
Alfred W. Kopf ◽  
Hideko Kamino ◽  
Nathalie Provost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Breslow Thickness ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Histopathologic Study ◽  
Malignant Melanomas ◽  
Rule Out

Background: A substantial proportion of malignant melanomas arise in preexisting melanocytic nevi. However, the clinical and dermoscopic features of such combination lesions have not been well defined in the literature. Objective: To determine the ability to recognize in thin malignant melanomas the presence or absence of melanocytic nevi based on clinical and/or dermoscopic observations. Methods: Thirty malignant melanomas, less than 1 mm in Breslow thickness, were studied clinically, dermoscopically, and histologically for the presence or absence of features of a melanocytic nevus. Results: The ability to recognize melanocytic nevi within thin malignant melanomas was poor by clinical and dermoscopic examinations, with 30% false negatives and 23% false positives. Conclusion: One cannot depend on clinical and/or dermoscopic observations to rule out a melanocytic nevus within a thin malignant melanoma. Histopathologic study of a small portion of a combined melanocytic neoplasm could lead to the mistaken conclusion that the lesion is entirely a melanocytic nevus or entirely a malignant melanoma. Therefore, when feasible, lesions suspected of being malignant melanomas should be totally excised and step-sectioned throughout.

scholarly journals Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus in an Afghan Child

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Raufi ◽  
Arash Nemat
Keyword(s):  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

We report an 8-year-old Afghan female with giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) which covered the entire back. The GCMN extended to anterolateral parts of the trunk surrounded by multiple satellite melanocytic nevi.

Combination of preoperative embolization and surgery in the treatment of a giant congenital neuroid nevus of the forehead and scalp in a child

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Alexander Margulis ◽  
Benjamin Z. Koplewitz ◽  
Alexander Maly ◽  
José Cohen ◽  
Ravit Yanko-Arzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infant ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Preoperative Embolization ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Staged Reconstruction

Congenital melanocytic nevi of neuroectodermal origin are composed primarily of melanocytes and occasional neural elements. A subset of large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi is characterized by neuroidal differentiation resembling the histological pattern of neurofibroma (neuroid congenital melanocytic nevi). The authors report the case of a male infant born with a neuroid congenital melanocytic nevus presenting as a large mass covering extensive portions of his scalp and forehead. The atypical feeding arteries to the nevus were larger in diameter then the patient's internal carotid arteries and formed a rich network of large blood vessels in the nevus. Selective preoperative embolization using calibrated particles was followed by a complete excision and staged reconstruction with tissue expanders. The authors believe that this multidisciplinary approach allowed for a safe surgical procedure with minimal blood loss for this most unusual pediatric head and neck tumor.

scholarly journals Congenital melanocytic nevus of the oral mucosa: report of a rare pigmented lesion and review of the literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Louise Gilbert ◽  
Weddad Hanna ◽  
Danny Ghazarian ◽  
Dean Dover ◽  
Hagen Benjamin Edward Klieb
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Pigmented Lesion ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Oral pigmented lesions are uncommon and congenital melanocytic nevi are especially rare. We report a case of a patient with multiple congenital melanocytic nevi including a palatal lesion. This is reported to add to the scant literature that exists on this subject. Prognosis and management are discussed.

Agminated melanocytic nevi as a rare variant of melanocytic nevus: Report of two cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugba Kevser Uzuncakmak ◽  
Mukaddes Kavala ◽  
İlkin Zindancı ◽  
Burce Can ◽  
Bengu Cobanoglu Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Rare Variant ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi

Solitude and Loneliness: An Integrative Model

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Current Understanding ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
The Relationship

The bulk of research on loneliness has been content to define loneliness as the result of relationship deficits with others. This article expands the current understanding of loneliness to include relationship with self as an important factor. From this new understanding, solitude is considered as a possible intervention for dealing with specific types of loneliness. A circular model is then introduced that explains the relationship that loneliness and solitude have with each other. Suggestions for research, counseling, and education are then made from the new model.

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