Vybrané charakteristiky výkonu ve sportovní gymnastice a jejich diagnostika

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.

Download Full-text

Seaports during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Terminal Operators’ Tactical Responses to Disruptions in Maritime Supply Chains

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4339

Author(s):

Marta Mańkowska ◽

Michał Pluciński ◽

Izabela Kotowska ◽

Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz

Keyword(s):

Supply Chains ◽

Global Economy ◽

Research Study ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

Main Function ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Study Results ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Tactical Decisions

The world-wide crisis caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy functioning and the sustainable development of supply chains. The changes also affected seaports being the key links of maritime supply chains. The purpose of the research study described in this article was to identify the sources and kinds of disruptions observed in various maritime supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the operations of various types of seaport terminals, namely those serving bulk (universal, specialised) and general cargoes (universal, specialised). An additional purpose was to identify the dependencies between the type of terminal and its main function, and the tactical decisions adopted by the particular terminals. The research was carried out using the multiple-case study method. The study covered some selected port terminals functioning in Polish seaports (Gdańsk, Szczecin, Świnoujście), applying direct, semi-structured in-depth interviews. The analysis of the results was carried out using the inductive reasoning method. The research study has shown that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic some maritime supply chains ceased to exist, some of them were operating with decreased cargo volumes, while in other cases the transshipment volumes actually rose during the pandemic. Among terminal operators’ tactical responses to disruptions in maritime supply chains, there were pro-active and adaptive measures. Pro-active (offensive) measures included actions taken by an enterprise in order to engage in new maritime supply chains, and even participating in establishing new maritime chains in response to limitations caused by the pandemic. Adaptive (defensive) measures covered actions taken by the port terminals as a consequence of changes in the existing maritime supply chains, caused by the pandemic in the port’s foreland or hinterland. The research study results revealed that the terminals extent of engagement and tactical decisions related to the pandemic were depended on the type of terminal (universal or specialised) and its main function played within a supply chain.

Download Full-text

Exercise intensity to maximal aerobic speed, physical activity level and heart rate variability in postmenopausal women

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.379111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Felipe de Ornelas ◽

Danilo Rodrigues Batista ◽

Vlademir Meneghel ◽

Wellington Gonçalves Dias ◽

Guilherme Borsetti Businari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Maximal Aerobic Speed

Physical inactivity is main cause of disease worldwide. Identify the physical exercise preference, resulting in increases adherence and future intention to perform physical activity. The preference of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) is the main tool used to assess preference in physical exercise. Variables as age, body mass index (BMI), usual physical activity level (PAL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2máx), can influence in PRETIE-Q answers. The purpose of this study was investigate if there is relation between preference for exercise intensity with maximal aerobic speed (MAS), PAL and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women phase. Participated of study 30 subjects who answer PRETIE-Q together with analyses of MAS, PAL and HRV. Preference was large correlated with MAS (r = 0.63), PAL (r = 0.57) and HRVRMSSD (r = 0.52). Together, MAS (40.4%), PAL (10.7%) and HRVRMSSD (6.4%) explained 57.5% of the preference score. This results study allow to health professional, that prescribe physical exercise, understand that subjects with high aerobic capacity, cardiovagal modulation and usual PAL will have preference for high intensity exercise. In consequence, can increase the adherence to systematic practice of physical exercise. Conclude that preference of exercise intensity for women in postmenopausal phase is related with aerobic capacity, high HRV and physical activity level.

Download Full-text

Biological and Functional Changes in Healthy Adult Smokers Who Are Continuously Abstinent From Smoking for One Year: Protocol for a Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Cohort Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12138 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Cam Tuan Tran ◽

Loyse Felber Medlin ◽

Nicola Lama ◽

Brindusa Taranu ◽

Weeteck Ng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Risk Level ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Study Results ◽

Biomarkers Of Effect

BACKGROUND The harm of smoking results mainly from long-term exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) generated by tobacco combustion. Smoking cessation (SC) engenders favorable changes of clinical signs, pathomechanisms, and metabolic processes that together could reduce the harm of smoking-related diseases to a relative risk level approximating that of never-smokers over time. In most SC studies, the main focus is on the quitting rate of the SC program being tested. As there is limited information in the literature on short to multiple long-term functional or biological changes following SC, more data on short to mid-term favorable impacts of SC are needed. OBJECTIVE The overall aim of the study was to assess the reversibility of the harm related to smoking over 1 year of continuous smoking abstinence (SA). This has been verified by assessing a set of biomarkers of exposure to HPHCs and a set of biomarkers of effect indicative of multiple pathophysiological pathways underlying the development of smoking-related diseases. METHODS This multiregional (United States, Japan, and Europe), multicenter (42 sites) cohort study consisting of a 1-year SA period in an ambulatory setting was conducted from May 2015 to May 2017. A total of 1184 male and female adult healthy smokers, willing to quit smoking, were enrolled in the study. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was provided for up to 3 months upon the subject’s request. SC counseling and behavioral support were continuously provided. Biomarkers of exposure to HPHCs and biomarkers of effect were assessed in urine and blood at baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Month 12. Cardiovascular biomarkers of effect included parameters reflecting inflammation (white blood cell), lipid metabolism (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), endothelial function (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1), platelet function (11-dehydrothromboxane B2), oxidative stress (8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha), and carbon monoxide exposure (carboxyhemoglobin). Respiratory biomarkers of effect included lung function parameters and cough symptoms. The biomarkers of effect to evaluate genotoxicity (total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) and xenobiotic metabolism (cytochrome P450 2A6 activity) were also assessed. Continuous SA was verified at each visit following the actual quit date using self-reporting and chemical verification. Safety assessments included adverse events and serious adverse events, body weight, vital signs, spirometry, electrocardiogram, clinical chemistry, hematology and urine analysis safety panel, physical examination, and concomitant medications. RESULTS In total, 1184 subjects (50.1% male) were enrolled; 30% of them quit smoking successfully for 1 year. Data analyses of the study results are ongoing and will be published after study completion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into biological and functional changes and health effects, after continuous SA over 1 year. Study results will be instrumental in assessing novel alternative products to cigarettes considered for tobacco harm reduction strategies. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02432729; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02432729 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/78QxovZrr) INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/12138

Download Full-text

Changes in blood pressure with compensatory heart rate decrease and in the level of aerobic capacity in response to repeated whole-body cryostimulation in normotensive, young and physically active men

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health ◽

10.2478/v10001-010-0037-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anna Lubkowska ◽

Zbigniew Szyguła

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Whole Body ◽

Physically Active ◽

Rate Decrease ◽

Heart Rate Decrease

Download Full-text

Age-associated abnormalities of intrinsic automaticity of sinoatrial nodal cells are linked to deficient cAMP-PKA-Ca2+signaling

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00088.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (10) ◽

pp. H1385-H1397 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jie Liu ◽

Syevda Sirenko ◽

Magdalena Juhaszova ◽

Steven J. Sollott ◽

Shweta Shukla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cell Function ◽

Ryanodine Receptors ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Size Number ◽

Pathway Activation ◽

Beating Rate

A reduced sinoatrial node (SAN) functional reserve underlies the age-associated decline in heart rate acceleration in response to stress. SAN cell function involves an oscillatory coupled-clock system: the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a Ca2+clock, and the electrogenic-sarcolemmal membrane clock. Ca2+-activated-calmodulin-adenylyl cyclase/CaMKII-cAMP/PKA-Ca2+signaling regulated by phosphodiesterase activity drives SAN cells automaticity. SR-generated local calcium releases (LCRs) activate Na+/Ca2+exchanger in the membrane clock, which initiates the action potential (AP). We hypothesize that SAN cell dysfunctions accumulate with age. We found a reduction in single SAN cell AP firing in aged (20–24 mo) vs. adult (3–4 mo) mice. The sensitivity of the SAN beating rate responses to both muscarinic and adrenergic receptor activation becomes decreased in advanced age. Additionally, age-associated coincident dysfunctions occur stemming from compromised clock functions, including a reduced SR Ca2+load and a reduced size, number, and duration of spontaneous LCRs. Moreover, the sensitivity of SAN beating rate to a cAMP stress induced by phosphodiesterase inhibitor is reduced, as are the LCR size, amplitude, and number in SAN cells from aged vs. adult mice. These functional changes coincide with decreased expression of crucial SR Ca2+-cycling proteins, including SR Ca2+-ATPase pump, ryanodine receptors, and Na+/Ca2+exchanger. Thus a deterioration in intrinsic Ca2+clock kinetics in aged SAN cells, due to deficits in intrinsic SR Ca2+cycling and its response to a cAMP-dependent pathway activation, is involved in the age-associated reduction in intrinsic resting AP firing rate, and in the reduction in the acceleration of heart rate during exercise.

Download Full-text

Correlation between the Amount of Anti-D Antibodies and IgG Subclasses with Severity of Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2015.058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 293-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emilija Velkova

Keyword(s):

Prospective Studies ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Research Study ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Foetal Death ◽

Hemolytic Disease ◽

Haemolytic Disease ◽

A Value ◽

Weak Intensity ◽

Study Results

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of subclasses to IgG anti-D on the intensity of hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) at 45 fetuses/newborns with symptoms of mild and severe HDFN in Republic of Macedonia.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In retrospective and prospective studies, in a period of 10 years, from 2004 to 2014, there have been immunohemathology tests performed on 22 009 samples on serums of pregnant women.RESULTS: At 37.78% of the total number of tested patients, IgG1 and IgG3 was the reason for severe HDFN. At 17.77% of the total number of tested patients, which had only IgG1detected, was the reason for serious intensity of HDFN. The correlation of the titer to anti-D antibodies in the mother’s serum and the intensity of HDFN were researched in 48 newborns. The titers between 1:8 and 1:32 resulted in 3 cases of HDFN with symptoms of severe disease and in 4 cases there were no signs of HDFN. At 12 women that had a titre between 1:32 and 1:512, five of the newborns developed severe HDFN, and seven had symptoms of mild and weak intensity form. In 3 cases the titer was higher than 512, and out of them one newborn had weak symptoms of HDFN, one developed severe HDFN and one ended with foetal death. Only in one case the titer reached a value higher than 1000, and it ended with a fetal death.CONCLUSIONS: The titers of the pregnant women serum those are lower than 32 and those higher than 1000 can well predict HDFN. The titers of anti-D antibodies between 64 and 512 have no exact predictive value. IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses of anti-D have no predictive value by themselves, and cannot foresee the outcome of HDFN. The research study results suggest that IgG1 and IgG3 should be included in a multi – parameter protocol for evaluation of the HDFN intensity. They can give a real assessment of the expected HDFN intensity in combination with the titer hight and the significance of the antibodies.

Download Full-text

Changes in evidence for studies assessing interventions for COVID-19 reported in preprints: meta-research study

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-01880-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Theodora Oikonomidi ◽

◽

Isabelle Boutron ◽

Olivier Pierre ◽

Guillaume Cabanac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research Study ◽

Event Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Journal Article ◽

Effect Estimate ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Intervention Effect ◽

Single Study ◽

Study Results ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Background The increasing use of preprints to disseminate evidence on the effect of interventions for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to multiple evidence sources for a single study, which may differ in the reported evidence. We aim to describe the proportion of evidence on the effect of interventions for COVID-19 from preprints and journal articles and map changes in evidence between and within different sources reporting on the same study. Methods Meta-research study. We screened the Cochrane living systematic review and network meta-analysis (COVID-NMA) database to identify all preprints and journal articles on all studies assessing interventions for COVID-19 published up to 15 August 2020. We compared all evidence sources (i.e., preprint and associated journal article) and the first and latest versions of preprints for each study to identify changes in two evidence components: study results (e.g., numeric change in hazard ratio, odds ratio, event rate, or change in p value > or < 0.05 in any outcome) and abstract conclusions (classified as positive, negative or neutral regarding the intervention effect, and as reporting uncertainty in the findings or not). Changes in study results were further classified as important changes if they (1) represented a change in any effect estimate by ≥ 10% and/or (2) led to a change in the p value crossing the threshold of 0.05. Results We identified 556 studies. In total, 338 (61%) had been reported in a preprint: 66 (20%) of these had an associated journal article (median time to publication 76 days [interquartile range (IQR) 55–106]) and 91 (27%) had > 1 preprint version. A total of 139 studies (25% of the overall sample) were reported in multiple evidence sources or versions of the same source: for 63 (45%), there was a change in at least one evidence component between or within sources (42 [30%] had a change in study results, and in 29 [21%] the change was classified as important; 33 [24%] had a change in the abstract conclusion). For studies with both a preprint and an article, a median of 29% (IQR 14–50) of total citations were attributed to the preprint instead of the article. Conclusions Results on the effect of interventions for COVID-19 are often reported in multiple evidence sources or source versions for a single study. Evidence is not stable between and within evidence sources. Real-time linkage of all sources per study could help to keep systematic reviews up-to-date.

Download Full-text

The institution of a Multi‐disciplinary Italian Breast Unit: Reflections of the first psychosocial research study results on distress and quality of life

The Breast Journal ◽

10.1111/tbj.13244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 678-681

Author(s):

Francesca Dionigi ◽

Roberta Milani ◽

Carlos Alberto Garcia‐Etienne ◽

Vincenza Praticò ◽

Giuseppina Riboni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Research Study ◽

Breast Unit ◽

Study Results

Download Full-text

The Universal Prescription for Parkinson’s Disease: Exercise

Journal of Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.3233/jpd-202100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (s1) ◽

pp. S21-S27

Author(s):

Jay L. Alberts ◽

Anson B. Rosenfeldt

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Beneficial Effects

Over the past two decades, aerobic exercise has emerged as a mainstream recommendation to aid in treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite the acknowledgement of the benefits of exercise for people with PD (PwPD), frequently, exercise recommendations lack specificity in terms of frequency, intensity and duration. Additionally, conflating physical activity with exercise has contributed to providing vague exercise recommendations to PwPD. Therefore, the beneficial effects of exercise may not be fully realized in PwPD. Data provided by animal studies and select human trials indicate aerobic exercise may facilitate structural and functional changes in the brain. Recently, several large human clinical trials have been completed and collectively support the use of aerobic exercise, specifically high-intensity aerobic exercise, in improving PD motor symptoms. Data from these and other studies provide the basis to include aerobic exercise as an integral component in treating PD. Based on positive clinical findings and trials, it is advised that PwPD perform aerobic exercise in the following dose: 3x/week, 30–40-minute main exercise set, 60–80% of heart rate reserve or 70–85% of heart rate max. In lieu of heart rate, individuals can achieve an intensity of 14–17 on a 20-point RPE scale. Ongoing clinical trials, SPARX3 and CYCLE-II, have potential to further develop patient-specific exercise recommendations through prognostic modeling.

Download Full-text