scholarly journals Measurement invariance of the perceived online racism scale across age and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian TaeHyuk Keum ◽  
Matthew J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Minority Participants

The Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS) is the first measure specifically developed to assess online racist interpersonal interactions and exposure to online racist content. To advance and strengthen the psychometric foundation of the PORS, the current study evaluated the measurement invariance of PORS across gender and age, two major demographic categories that can differentially affect how racism is perceived. Based on the framework of intersectionality, the salience and significance of social identities, such as gender and age, influence how racism is perceived with different meanings and interpretations. The current study examined data collected through an online survey from 946 racial/ethnic minority participants (59% women, mean age = 27.42) in the United States. Measurement invariance across gender (men and women) and age groups (ages 18 to 24, 25 to 39, and 40 to 64) was tested via comparison of a series of models with increasing constraints. Measurement invariance across configural, metric, and scalar models for age and gender was supported. Latent means were compared across gender and age groups. The results advance the psychometric property of the PORS as a general measure of online racism. Differences in the PORS scores reflect true differences among gender and age groups rather than response bias. Implications for future research are discussed.

Measuring anxiety about aging across the adult lifespan

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Sargent-Cox ◽  
Masori Rippon ◽  
Richard A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Order Four

ABSTRACTBackground:The development of instruments to measure aging attitudes is an essential part of research into the role of individual differences in the aging process, giving clarification to the relationship between attitudes and behavior across the lifespan. Here we test the structural validity of Lasher and Faulkender's (1993) Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS), and explore measurement invariance across age and gender.Methods:A sample of 783 adults (42% females) age ranging from 20 to 97 years (M = 57.3, SD = 13.66) participated.Results:The first-order four-factor AAS model reflecting the original Lasher and Faulkender (1993) structure showed a better fit to the data than the second-order model. Measurement invariance for both gender and age groups (young adults 20–44 years; mid-aged adults 45–64 years, older adults 65+ years old) was found for three of the factors, but not for all items in the Fear of Losses factor. Structural covariance inequality between the Fear of Losses and Physical Appearance factors was shown between males and females.Conclusions:Findings indicate that the original AAS measures four distinct dimensions of anxiety about aging. These dimensions were shown to be generally comparable across age and gender, indicating that the AAS is a suitable measure for providing meaningful comparison of anxiety about aging across the lifespan. The exception is the Fear of Losses factor, where items may have differential meanings across groups based on cultural and social attitudes regarding aging and gender.

Privacy and trust in Facebook photo sharing: age and gender differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Marko Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photo Sharing ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and age differences regarding various aspects of privacy, trust, and activity on one of the most popular Facebook activity – “photo sharing.” Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using an online survey hosted by a web-based survey service for three weeks during December 2014-January 2015. The target audience comprised of Facebook users over 18 years engaged in sharing their photos on the platform. Findings Women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos. Meanwhile, users from older age groups are less active in using the site, in sharing photos, and in taking privacy-related protective measures. Interestingly, despite having more privacy concerns, young Facebook users display higher trust levels toward the platform than older users. Overall, in the study, there was an extremely significant difference in privacy attitudes among people under and over 35 years of age. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is new knowledge regarding the gender and age differences in various privacy-related aspects, trust, and activity. Findings from the study broadens the overall understanding of how these issues positively/negatively influence the photo-sharing activity on Facebook.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Self-Esteem—A Cross-Cultural Window

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Ruben C. Arslan ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Jason Rentfrow ◽  
Jochen E. Gebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present research uses a large Internet sample (N 985,937) to provide the first large-scale systematic cross-cultural examination of gender and age differences in self-esteem. Across 48 nations, and consistent with previous research, wefound age-related increases in self-esteem from late adolescence to middle adulthood and significant gender gaps, with males consistently reporting higher self-esteem than females. Despite these broad cross-cultural similarities, the cultures differed significantly in the magnitude of gender, age, and Gender Age effects on self-esteem. These differences were associated with cultural differences in socioeconomic, sociodemographic, gender-equality, and cultural value indicators. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of cross-cultural research on self-esteem.

scholarly journals The experience of distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-country examination on the fear of COVID-19 and the sense of loneliness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Lo Coco ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Ksenija Bosnar ◽  
Ivana Milovanovic ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Spread Of Infection

AbstractObjectivesTo examine gender, age and cross-country differences in fear of COVID-19 and sense of loneliness during the lockdown, by comparing people from countries with a high rate of infections and deaths (i.e. Spain and Italy) and from countries with a mild spread of infection (i.e. Croatia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina).MethodsA total of 3876 participants (63% female) completed an online survey on “Everyday life practices in COVID-19 time” in April 2020, including measures of fear of COVID-19 and loneliness.ResultsMales and females of all age groups in countries suffering from a strong impact of the COVID-19 pandemic reported higher fear of COVID-19 and sense of loneliness. In less endangered countries females and elder stated more symptoms than males and younger; in Spanish and Italian sample the pattern of differences is considerably more complex.ConclusionFuture research should thoroughly examine different age and gender groups. The analysis of emotional well-being in groups at risk of mental health issues can help to lessen the long term social and economic costs due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals Determining Gender and Age by Mandibular Anatomy Landmarks in Computed Tomography with Cone-Beam (CBCT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nasim Shams ◽  
Mahshid Razavi ◽  
Azar Mehrabi ◽  
Sina Salehin ◽  
Parisa Sarikhani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Tangent Point ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: this study aimed at determining gender and age by mandibular anatomy landmarks in computed tomography with Cone-Beam (CBCT). Methodology: this cross sectional study was performed on 147 CBCT images available in archive of radiology in the dentistry department of Ahvaz Jondi Shapoor medical science university. In this research, we assessed parameters including SMEF: Distance from mental foramen to the highest point of alveolar crest ridge, BIAC: distance from lowest point of IAC to the most anterior tangent point of buccal mandibular plate, LIAC: distance from the lowest IAC point to the most posterior tangent point o mandibular lingual plate, IMEF: distance from the lowest mental hole border to the lowest tangent point on inferior mandibular border, D2: distance from the lowest IAC canal border to the lowest tangent point on inferior mandibular border and gonial angle: junction of inferior mandibular border and posterior ramus border. Data were analysed by SPSS software 20th version and Spearman correlation coefficient tests, one-way variance analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, independent t, and Uman Withney. Results: SMEF level was significantly different in groups and in 25-34 group it was significantly higher than under 25 group. In right side it was significantly higher than female. IMEF had no significant difference in age groups and in both side it was higher in male than female. BIAC in both sides had no significant difference. LIAC in both sides an in different ages had no significant difference in male and female. D2 had no significant difference in both sides. But in a group with patients older than 55 it was significantly higher than 45-54 group. In addition, in left side it was higher in male than female there was no significant difference in gonial angle in different groups in left side with in right side there was significant difference in different age groups. But there was no significant difference in gender. Conclusion: evaluated indices in this research are not ry accurate to forecast age and gender and they cannot be used as accurate tools in estimating age and gender of people.

scholarly journals How players across gender and age experience Pokémon Go?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Zaheer Hussain ◽  
Juho Hamari ◽  
Aditya Johri
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Pokémon Go ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide insights into player experiences and motivations in Pokémon Go, a relatively new phenomenon of location-based augmented reality games. With the increasing usage and adoption of various forms of digital games worldwide, investigating the motivations for playing games has become crucial not only for researchers but for game developers, designers, and policy makers. Using an online survey (N = 1190), the study explores the motivational, usage, and privacy concerns variations among age and gender groups of Pokémon Go players. Most of the players, who are likely to be casual gamers, are persuaded toward the game due to nostalgic association and word of mouth. Females play Pokémon Go to fulfill physical exploration and enjoyment gratifications. On the other hand, males seek to accomplish social interactivity, achievement, coolness, and nostalgia gratifications. Compared to females, males are more concerned about the privacy aspects associated with the game. With regard to age, younger players display strong connotation with most of the studied gratifications and the intensity drops significantly with an increase in age. With the increasing use of online and mobile games worldwide among all cohorts of society, the study sets the way for a deeper analysis of motivation factors with respect to age and gender. Understanding motivations for play can provide researchers with the analytic tools to gain insight into the preferences for and effects of game play for different kinds of users.

Adolescent Victim Experiences of Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-254
Author(s):  
Minghui Gao ◽  
Tonja Filipino ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Mark McJunkin
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

This chapter started by introducing a recent research study that disclosed adolescent victim experiences across seven major types of cyberbullying, significant gender and age differences, and reasons for not reporting incidents of cyberbullying to adults. The chapter then related the research findings to major areas in the literature on the nature and forms of cyberbullying in contrast to traditional forms of bullying, its prevalence among school-aged youths, the effects of gender and age on adolescent victim experiences of cyberbullying, and the factors that contribute to adolescent attitude toward reporting cyberbullying incidents to adults. The chapter suggested that future research should further explore issues such as how various types of cyberbullying affect adolescent mental wellbeing, how age and gender affect school-aged youth victim experiences of various forms of cyberbullying, and how professionals and other adults may help adolescents counter cyberbullying.

Mental Toughness and Motivational Climate of Basketball Players According to Gender and Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325-3328
Author(s):  
Zarife Taştan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Motivational Climates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

Background: It has been a matter of curiosity by athletes, coaches, sports commentators, and sports psychologists why certain athletes are the world's best in their field. Aim: In our study, the mental toughness and motivational climates of licensed basketball players were examined according to age and gender variables. Methods: In this study, the relational screening model was used to determine the relationship between mental toughness and motivational climate in licensed basketball players studying in physical education and sports teaching departments. Results: As a result of this study, where mental toughness and motivational climate, which are known to be necessary to maintain the ideal performance level during competition, are evaluated according to age and gender variables, it is seen that the motivational climate and mental toughness scores do not differ according to the gender of the athletes. Conclusion: As a result of this study, where mental toughness and motivational climate, which are known to be necessary to maintain the ideal performance level during competition, are evaluated according to age and gender variables, it is seen that the motivational climate and mental toughness scores do not differ according to the gender of the athletes. Keywords: Mastery Climate, Performance Climate, Mental Toughness, Age, Gender

Age and Gender Patterns of Sport Involvement among the Swiss Labor Force

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Lamprecht ◽  
Hanspeter Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
And Gender

Under the influence of the Sport for All movement the sport system in Switzerland has changed. Sport has become a leisure-time activity for an increasing number of people and has gained new meanings and forms. Many traditional limitations to participation appear to have been removed. By focusing on gender and age, this study, based on a survey of 1,103 employees, explores the extent to which particularisms and inequalities in contemporary recreational Swiss sport still exist. Although the involvement in sport by men and women, and involvement of different age groups, are quite similar in terms of frequency, their forms and meanings remain different. Using correspondence analysis we identify different sports fields and different sporting patterns by gender and age in terms of motives, places, and activities.

scholarly journals PROFILE OF USERS OF AMBULATORY AND HOSPITAL SERVICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
FlávioAlberto Oliva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Ribeiro ◽  
Marina Armelin Silva ◽  
Marjori Leiva Camparoto ◽  
Telma Reginato Martins
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender

The goal of this study was to understand the gender and age profile of the users of ambulatory services at public hospital. Gender and age are fundamental elements for the construction of public policies at local and regional level. We performed a 3-year retrospective data collection, regarding age and gender of the population of the outpatient clinic of the public hospital between 2013 and 2015. It is a research with quantitative approach performed through three databases from january 2013 to December 2015 totaling 460.505 consultations. The database of the public hospital was adopted as the primary source, it was also consulted the database of the last two censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the database of the Regional Health Division. The cross-checking of data, through Microsoft Excel and the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) software, allowed the construction of a graph structured by gender and age according to the standards defined by IBGE on 2010, as well as the comparison between age and gender profile of the total population attended by public hospital and its consultations. The female audience represents 60.5% of the attendances, while the male population accounts for 39.5%. Only in the age groups between 0 and 14 and 85 to 89 years the male audience is larger. The difference in care is accentuated in the middle of the pyramid, in the ranges between 30 and 69 years, during which time women are responsible for 65.5% of the attendances against 34.5% of men. Such gender proportional differences are maintained on the total population, the only significant variation is on the age group from 80 and older where although there is a female majority of users, there is also a larger female majority on the population. Studies show that women make more references to health problems than men, as these represent, according to the male imagination, virility and strength, not representing vulnerability to the disease. Men do not recognize themselves as targets of health care and they are less likely to seek health services for cultural reasons, mainly, opening space for discussion about social inequalities in health between men and women.

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