scholarly journals Aptamer-Assisted Delivery of Nucleotides with Tumor-Suppressing Properties for Targeted Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Significant Attention

: Targeted cancer therapy is developing rapidly according to the fact that it has been demonstrated that this type of therapy can reduce various side effects and adverse events of the commonly available cancer treatment approaches such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This selective type of cancer therapy can mediate encouraging outcomes where the frontline cancer treatment methods have failed to do so. Aptamer-assisted delivery of various types of cargoes or the utilization of aptamer for the redirection of delivery vehicles is among various fields of targeted cancer therapy that have gained significant attention lately. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides or peptide molecules that harbor significant levels of specificity and affinity toward various types of targets such as cell surface antigens, ions, toxins, chemicals, etc. They have shown encouraging results in several types of targeted cancer therapy for the redirection of a variety of cargoes. In this review, we shed the light on the application of aptamers for the delivery of nucleotides such as MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and short hairpin RNA or small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that harbor tumor suppression properties in various kinds of malignancies.

scholarly journals Senolytics for Cancer Therapy: Is All that Glitters Really Gold?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Carpenter ◽  
Tareq Saleh ◽  
David A. Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies

Senolytics represent a group of mechanistically diverse drugs that can eliminate senescent cells, both in tumors and in several aging-related pathologies. Consequently, senolytic use has been proposed as a potential adjuvant approach to improve the response to senescence-inducing conventional and targeted cancer therapies. Despite the unequivocal promise of senolytics, issues of universality, selectivity, resistance, and toxicity remain to be further clarified. In this review, we attempt to summarize and analyze the current preclinical literature involving the use of senolytics in senescent tumor cell models, and to propose tenable solutions and future directions to improve the understanding and use of this novel class of drugs.

scholarly journals DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Huang ◽  
Ping-Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Baseline Drift ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Damage Response

AbstractGenomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells’ DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists’ findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely “environmental gear selection” to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and “DNA damage baseline drift”, which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.

Antibody-Assisted Delivery of a Peptide–Drug Conjugate for Targeted Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungjun Kim ◽  
Dobeen Hwang ◽  
Minsuk Choi ◽  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Sukmo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Peptide Drug ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Conjugate ◽  
Assisted Delivery

Bi-modal cancer treatment utilizing therapeutic ultrasound and an engineered therapeutic nanobubble

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (78) ◽  
pp. 63839-63845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Misra ◽  
Goutam Ghoshal ◽  
Tor W. Jensen ◽  
Partha S. Ray ◽  
Everette C. Burdette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Ultrasound ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

We developed a bi-modal cancer therapy comprising a sorafenib loaded ultra-sonic responsive nanobubble (SRF-NB) for ultrasonic assisted delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Sawant ◽  
Suyash M. Patil ◽  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.

Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Adjuvant Cancer Therapy, to Complement Immune Checkpoint Therapy and Other Traditional Cancer Therapies, with Least Auto-immune Side Effects through Eco-balance of Human Microbiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4295-4317
Author(s):  
Malireddy S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Probiotic Strains

This paper describes a novel serendipitous discovery to successfully treat cancer with improved efficiency emerged while using Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy (originally discovered to prevent or treat nosocomial infections) as an adjuvant therapy along with the immune checkpoint therapy and other conventional cancer therapies. This new discovery is named as “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Adjuvant Cancer Therapy”. Cancer is rising as a global epidemic, currently killing over 9 million people every year. This figure is supposed to get up to 13 million by the year 2030.  The cancer epidemic is more prevalent in the Western countries than Eastern countries. The cost of treating cancer was $290 billion in the year 2010 and it is supposed to get up to $458 billion/year by the year 2030.  Recently checkpoint immune therapy is showing great promise as a treatment tool. Yet the global success in treating the cancer is only 20% or slightly higher, with all the advancements and discoveries.  A new paradigm shift in cancer treatment has been discovered as serendipitous discovery to enhance the efficiency of the existing cancer therapies significantly. This serendipitous discovery came as a surprise while running community based clinical trials using the novel discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to prevent or cure the hospital acquired or nosocomial infections, which are affecting over six million people with severe mortality.  Several physicians have observed that Dr. Reddy’s Probiotic therapy given for prevention or control of nosocomial infections significantly helped the recovery of cancer patients who were also receiving standard cancer therapies.  This article outlines the mechanism by which Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy assist to cure cancer at a much faster pace, with the least side effects, when used as adjuvant therapy along with the immune checkpoint therapy, and other standard cancer therapies.  Details are presented how the PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade therapy works to reduce cancer and also the possible scientific explanations why such an immune checkpoint therapy only works on limited cancer cases.  The effect of Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics on establishing the immune tolerance through reduction of local or systemic inflammation is also outlined. The possible biological and immunological mechanisms of how Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy significantly enhances the immune checkpoint therapy (PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade) has been presented with explicit details. The details are also presented showing how Multiple Mixed Strain Adjuvant Therapy can minimize or significantly reduce the unpleasant side effects of the current conventional and immune checkpoint cancer therapies. Practical clinical and experimental data presented to show the significance of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy, as an adjuvant therapy, along with the standard cancer therapies to improve the cancer treatment efficiencies by up to 60%. Evidence is presented to illustrate and point out that the current FDA regulations will allow the use of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic (Therapy) as nutritional supplement, since the probiotic strains used are categorized as food grade and GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe), as per the 21 Code of Federal Regulations of the Food and Drug Administration.  Details are presented with genus and species identification of individual probiotic strains used in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy. Thus special and formal FDA approval is not required to use them as adjuvants to improve the efficiency of traditional cancer therapies. Finally the scientific reasoning is presented with evidence to illustrate the utmost urgency and necessity of using Dr. M.S. Reddy’s “Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” along with the immune checkpoint therapy and other traditional cancer therapies to protect the lives of millions of people dying with cancer annually.  

scholarly journals Targeted cancer therapies: an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishtiyaq Ahmad Najar ◽  
Ranjith Kumar Kankala ◽  
Rakesh Kamal Johri
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Toxic Drugs

Cancer medically known as malignant neoplasm is a group of different diseases all involving unregulated cell growth due to defects in the genetic makeup of two types of genes, i.e. oncogene, which drive the growth of cancer cells and tumor suppressor genes which prevent cancer from developing. Cancer is detected in a number of ways, including symptoms, screening tests, medical imaging and is usually treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. With the advancement in medical sciences, targeted cancer therapy has got lot of importance which has many benefits, comforts and patient friendly as compared to conventional therapies. This review gives an insight of the various targeted therapies, their role and impact in treatment of various types of cancers. Targeted cancer therapies like monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates, oligopeptide-based, folate-based, AdNectins, microfluidics and nanotechnology approaches have led to deliver target- oriented toxic drugs to specific cancer cells.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.6085  

Bilirubin Nanoparticle-Assisted Delivery of a Small Molecule-Drug Conjugate for Targeted Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2270-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Yonghyun Lee ◽  
Hyungjun Kim ◽  
Dong Yun Lee ◽  
Sangyong Jon
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Conjugate ◽  
Small Molecule Drug ◽  
Assisted Delivery
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