scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training Along with Curcumin Supplementation on Expression of Some Regulator Genes Associated with Cardiac Muscle Structure in Obese Rats

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Rauofi ◽  
Sirous Farsi ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Background: Reduced physical activity can cause obesity and metabolic syndrome, leading to fibrosis in cardiac muscles and premature cardiac aging. Physical activity, along with herbal supplements, can have a synergistic effect on preventing cardiac muscle proteolysis. Objectives: In this study, the effects of curcumin and resistance training were assessed on cardiac muscle atrophy in obese rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague rats were categorized into four groups, including the placebo, resistance training, curcumin, and resistance training + curcumin. Resistance training was performed three times a week with three sets in each session, repeated five times for eight weeks. During this time, 150 mg/kg curcumin was administered through gavage. Twenty-four hours after finishing resistance training, surgery was performed on the cardiac muscle, and gene expressions of PGC1-α, FOXO1, Murf-1, Atrogin, Collagen1, and Collagen 3 were assessed with real-time PCR. Results: The expression of PGC1-α and FOXO1 genes in both resistance training and resistance training+curcumin groups significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The MuRF1 expression in the curcumin+resistance training group decreased significantly (P = 0.013) compared to the placebo and curcumin groups. The expression of collagen type 1 and type 2 in all the three treatment groups had significant decreases compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the results of this study, resistance training and curcumin supplement each alone can prevent cardiac muscle atrophy. However, the simultaneous use of curcumin supplement and resistance training can lead to synergistic effects.

scholarly journals PO-109 Resistance Training prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by hypoxia through regulating Akt-FoxO1 pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabei Yu ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
Tianyu Han ◽  
Xuecheng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Wet Weight

Objective Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia on the plateau will lead to the decrease of muscle strength and the degeneration of athletic ability. Resistance training is an efficient method to stimulate the growth of muscle and improve protein synthesis. Akt-FoxO1 (Fork head box protein 1) pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein degradation. However, it is not clear whether resistance training could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and what is the regulation role of Akt-FoxO1 pathway. This study built a rat model that resistance training inhibited the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and explore the variation of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1. Methods 40 male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group (C), resistance training group (R), hypoxia group (H) and hypoxia resistance training group (HR). H and HR group were placed into simulated 4000m altitude (12.4%, O2%) and R and HR group received ladder resistance training. Their incremental load is calculated by using average body weight. After 4 weeks intervention of hypoxia and resistance training, body composition, wet weight of skeletal muscle (soleus, musculus gastrocnemius,extensor digitorum longus and muscelus biceps brachii) and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. The expression of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1 were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.Moreover,immunofluorescence technique was used to locate the phosphorylation of FoxO1.  Results The lean body mass of HR group was significantly higher than H group (P<0.05). The wet weight and CSA of muscelus biceps brachii in HR group were also higher than H group obviously (P<0.05). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot showed that the expression of FoxO1 and MuRF of hypoxia group (H group) were significantly higher than control group. However after the intervention of resistance training, the expression of Akt was significantly up-regulate and FoxO1, MuRF were significantly down-regulate. Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the location of FoxO1 phosphorylation and the expression out of nucleus. Conclusions Resistance training contribute to prevent the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and the form of climbing ladder training can stimulate the hypertrophy of biceps in rats. The results revealed that FoxO1 phosphorylation out of nucleus became higher after resistance training. All above revealed that resistance training could inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia. Akt promoted FoxO1 phosphorylation may become the molecular mechanisms that resistance training can inhibit the atrophy of skeletal muscle induced by hypoxia.

scholarly journals The Effect of Two Types of Exercise Preconditioning on the Expression of TrkB, TNF-α, and MMP2 Genes in Rats with Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mostafa Teymuri Kheravi ◽  
Shila Nayebifar ◽  
Seyedeh Motahareh Aletaha ◽  
Sara Sarhadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Tnf Α

Despite the beneficial effects of exercise and physical activity, there is little knowledge about the effects of different types of physical activity on neural function. The present study assessed the effects of two types of selected aerobic exercises prior to stroke induction and characterized the expression of TrkB, TNF-α, and MMP2 genes in vivo. Forty male adult Wistar rats were exposed to aerobic exercises following randomization into four groups, including swimming + MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) ( n = 10 ), treadmill training + MCAO ( n = 10 ), MCAO ( n = 10 ), and control ( n = 10 ). The swimming + MCAO group included swimming for 30 minutes each day, while the treadmill training + MCAO group program involved running for 30 minutes each day at an intensity of 15 m/min, for three weeks, five days a week. Neurological deficit was assessed using modified criteria at 24 h after the onset of cerebral ischemia. In the control group, the animals worked freely for three weeks without undergoing ischemia. The MCAO group also operated freely for three weeks after they underwent a stroke. Both training groups underwent ischemia after three weeks of training. TrkB, TNF-α, and MMP2 gene expressions were increased in the MCAO+ swimming training and in the MCAO + running training group compared to the control and MCAO groups, respectively. Preconditioning aerobic exercises significantly increased brain trophic support and reduced brain damage conditions in exercise groups, which support the importance of aerobic exercise in the prevention and treatment of stroke.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on Myostatin and Folistatin Proteins Content in Gastrocnemius Muscle Tissue of Elderly Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Moslem Asadpour ◽  
Farhad Daryanoosh ◽  
Mohsen Salesi ◽  
Javad Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Resistance Training Program

Introdution: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are key proteins in the regulation of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Aging and sarcopenia can lead to disruption of cellular mechanisms and the activity of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on myostatin and folistatin proteins content in Gastrocnemius muscle tissue of elderly rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 female Sprague-Dawley rats (20-month-old) with an average weight of 250±30 g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: resistance training (n=6) and control (n=6). The resistance-training program was as followed: 3 days a week for 8 weeks, climbing a one-meter vertical ladder with 26 steps and two centimeters of space between each step with a slope of 85 degrees. SPSS software version 23 and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in myostatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.04). In contrast, eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant reduction in folistatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study on the content of myostatin and folistatin proteins, it is possible that the reduction of muscle atrophy in the elderly can be through other pathways of protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy.  

scholarly journals Resistance Training Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Rats Exposed to Hypoxia by inhibiting Autophagy Mediated by Acetyl-FoxO1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu FU ◽  
KONG Zhaowei ◽  
GONG Lijing ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
LI Yanchun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Sequestosome 1 ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia could affect the physical fitness and training effect of the athletes in the rapid altitude, and also affect the production and life of the general public. Resistance training in a hypoxic environment could effectively alleviate the occurrence of muscular atrophy. Whether autophagy lysosomal pathway, as an important proteolysis pathway, is involved in this process, and whether FoxO1, the key gene of atrophy, plays a role by regulating autophagy is unclear. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group (group C), normoxic resistance-training group (group R), hypoxic control group (group H), and hypoxic resistance-training group (group HR). The H and HR groups were exposed to 12.4% oxygen for four weeks. The R and HR groups underwent incremental loaded training by climbing a ladder every other day for four weeks. Results: Compared to parameters in group H, resistance training increased lean body mass (LBM) and wet weight and decreased the expression of atrogin1 of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) after four weeks ( P <0.05). Resistance training decreased the levels of FoxO1 and Ac-FoxO1 and the extent of their localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively ( P <0.05), as well as the LC3II/LC3I ratio, the integrated optical density (IOD) of LC3 and the levels of autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), and elevated the levels of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) ( P <0.05). Most differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ATGs) interacted with FoxO1, and the functions of these ATGs were mainly enriched in the early autophagy phase. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that resistance training lowers the levels of both nuclear FoxO1 and cytoplasmic Ac-FoxO1, as well as reduced autophagic flux in the EDL of rats exposed to hypoxia.

Effects of yoga and resistance training on blood lipids in people without preexisting cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Isayeva ◽  
M Vovchenko ◽  
L Matyashova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Yoga and resistance exercise are gaining popularity and can improve the health status in the adult population. There is a lack of evidence that compares these two types of physical activity and their influence on lipid profile and cardiovascular risk on people without preexisting cardiovascular disease. Aim To estimate and compare effects of yoga and resistance training on blood lipids and anthropometric parameters in people without preexisting cardiovascular disease. Methods 123 adults without preexisting cardiovascular disease were enrolled in the study. Participants had practiced in yoga (63 people) or resistance exercise (60 people) at least 2 times a week during the last 12 months. The control consisted of 35 people who did not engage in any regular physical exercise. Weight, height, waist, hip circumference and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, blood glucose were measured.  To assess physical activity and sedentary time, the International Questionnaire on long Physical Activity (IPAQ) was used. Daily calorie food intake were measured by Test of rational nutrition TRN-D03. Result The average age of all participants was 35,06 ± 8,45 years old. BMI was significantly affected in "yoga training" (1-st group) and "resistance training" (2-nd group) groups (22,9 ± 2,6 and 24,2 ± 3,7; p = 0,19), but was significantly lower than in control group (3-rd group) 25,8 ± 2,1. Total Cholesterol, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and blood glucose were not with significant difference between "yoga training" and "resistance training" groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was in "yoga training" group  - 1,65 ± 0,37; in "resistance training" - 1,43 ± 0,21, and in control group - 1,34 ± 0,22 mmol/l (p1-2 = 0,001; p1-3 = 0,0001; p2-3 = 0,037). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was in yoga training group - 2,69 ± 0,98; in resistance training group - 2,72 ± 0,77, and in control group - 2,93 ± 0,89 mmol/l (p1-2 = 0,35; p1-3 = 0,053; p2-3 = 0,20). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were in "yoga training" group - 117,0 ± 9,79; in "resistance training" - 118,5 ± 8,93; 3-rd - 120,2 ± 10,1 mm Hg (p &gt; 0.05). Although, there were no significant differences in LDL-cholesterol levels between the yoga and resistance training groups, we found an association between weekly vigorous physical activity level and LDL cholesterol in the male group. LDL-cholesterol level in group 1 (vigorous physical activity 0-960 MET-min/week) was 3,4 ± 0,88 mmol/l; group 2 (vigorous physical activity 960 - 1440 MET-min/week) was 2,6 ± 0,74 mmol/l  and in group 3 (vigorous physical activity &gt; 1440 MET-min/week) - 2,1 ± 0,71 mmol/l (ANOVA-test F = 16,3; p = 0,03). Conclusion Yoga and resistance training have positive effects on HDL, LDL level and BMI, without effects on blood pressure in people without preexisting cardiovascular disease. The level of LDL was influenced not by the type of training, but by intensity of weekly physical activity.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 lockdown and reopening affected daily steps: evidence based on 164,630 person-days of prospectively collected data from Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Ding ◽  
Minna Cheng ◽  
Borja del Pozo Cruz ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Shuangyuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
University Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Abstract Background COVID-19 lockdowns may lead to physical inactivity, a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine: 1) the trajectory in daily step counts before, during and after the lockdown in China, and 2) the characteristics associated with the trajectories. Methods From December 2019 to July 2020, smartphone-based step counts were continuously collected in 815 Chinese adults residing in Shanghai over 202 days across three phases: before, during, and after the lockdown. Participant characteristics were reported, and height, weight and body composition measured before the lockdown. A ‘sharp’ regression discontinuity design with cluster robust standard errors was used to test the effect of the lockdown and reopening on daily steps and a linear mixed model was used to examine the characteristics associated with trajectories during the observed period. Results Based on 164,630 person-days of data, we found a sharp decline in daily step counts upon the lockdown (24/01/2020) by an average of 3796 (SE = 88) steps, followed by a significant trend of increase by 34 steps/day (SE = 2.5; p < .001) until the end of the lockdown (22/03/2020). This increasing trend continued into the reopening phase at a slower rate of 5 steps per day (SE = 2.3; p = 0.029). Those who were older, married, university educated, insufficiently active, had an ‘at risk’ body composition, and those in the control group, were slower at recovering step counts during the lockdown, and those who were older, married, without university education and with an ‘at risk’ body composition recovered step counts at a slower pace after the reopening. Conclusions Despite later increases in step counts, COVID-19 lockdown led to a sustained period of reduced physical activity, which may have adverse health implications. Governments and health professionals around the world should continue to encourage and facilitate physical activity during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Level Following Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Care: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6682
Author(s):  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Steiro Fimland ◽  
Lene Aasdahl ◽  
Hilde Lohne-Seiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Older adults’ physical activity (PA) is low. We examined whether eight months of resistance training increased PA level in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. A two-armed cluster-randomized trial using parallel groups was conducted. The included participants were >70 years and received home care. The resistance training group performed resistance training using body weight, elastic bands, and water canes twice per week for eight months. The control group was informed about the national PA guidelines and received motivational talks. The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to estimate PA. Outcomes included total PA (counts per minute), sedentary behavior (min/day), light PA (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous PA (min/day), and steps (mean/day). Between-group differences were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. Twelve clusters were randomized to either resistance training (7 clusters, 60 participants) or the control group (5 clusters, 44 participants). A total of 101 participants (median age 86.0 (interquartile range 80–90) years) had valid accelerometer data and were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for any of the PA outcomes after four or eight months. This study offers no evidence of increased PA level following resistance training in older adults with home care.

Experimental study of the inhibition effect of CXCL12/CXCR4 in malignant pleural mesothelioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshuang Li ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Lipeng Xie ◽  
Yi-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Previous studies have demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is closely related to tumors such as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This research was conducted in order to detect whether CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors could restrain MPM and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy, also to investigate the relationship of CXCL12/CXCR4 with other gene expressions in MPM. Forty mice were injected MPM cells and randomly divided into four groups: the PBS (control group), AMD3100 (CXCR4-CXCL12 antagonist), pemetrexed and AMD3100 plus pemetrexed. The mice were treated respectively for duration of 3 weeks. The size, bioluminescence and weight of tumors were measured. The differences between gene expressions in each group were analyzed. The tumor weights of each treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). The bioluminescence of the tumor of the AMD3100 treatment group and the AMD3100 plus pemetrexed treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), and AMD3100 was shown to have synergistic effects with pemetrexed (p<0.05). Among the 2.5 billion genes, several hundreds of genes expressed differently between groups. Results show that AMD3100 and pemetrexed can inhibit the growth of MPM in vivo, also that there is a better result if both are used together. Our findings suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis affects a certain amount of gene expression in MPM.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks Water Resistance Training with Dark Chocolate Supplementation on the Balance of the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mousavi ◽  
Farshad Ghazalian
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Improving balance in the daily lives of the elderly plays an important role, especially in reducing their risk of falling. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks water resistance training with dark chocolate supplementation on the balance of the elderly.Methods: In this study, 38 elderly people with an age range of 73-60 years were randomly divided into four groups. Participants in groups, included water resistance training and water resistance training + dark chocolate, performed water resistance training for eight weeks. In this period, groups of dark chocolate and water resistance training + dark chocolate, consumed 6 pieces of dark chocolate 83%, 5 gr per day, and the control group did not have any training or supplementation. The stork test (flamingo) was used to assess balance. The results of covariance analysis (ANOVA) showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Data were evaluated using Excel and SPSS-25 (p≤ 0.05). Results: The adjusted means after eliminating the effect of pre-test scores showed that the water resistance-training group had a higher mean than the other three groups and the weakest scores belonged to the control group. The results of other groups were as followed: experimental group 18.77, chocolate group 16.88, combined group (water resistance training + dark chocolate) 17.24 and control group 9.77. The results of Benferoni test showed that there was a significant difference between the water resistance training group and the control group (p = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that eight weeks of water resistance training and dark chocolate supplementation can improve the balance and quality of life of the elderly.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria À. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
María Á. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Sebastià Balasch-Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.

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