scholarly journals Identification of Interorganellar Crosstalk Effect on Various Diseases, Including Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Shamekhi Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health And Disease

Context: Subcellular organelles communicate with each other via their metabolites and maintain different cellular functions. They contain nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. Objectives: This study aimed to identify interorganellar communication (crosstalk) in physiopathological states of cells in health and disease. Data Sources: The databases including PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to extract data. For statistical analyses, percentage, relative risk, and odds ratio were used. Moreover, the risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane collaboration’s tool. Results: Out of 20 studies included in this research, 12 (60%) studies included mitochondria-ER communication, 4 (20%) studies mitochondria-lysosome communication, 2 (10%) studies mitochondria-peroxisome, and 2 (10%) studies mitochondria-nucleus. Interorganellar crosstalk between mitochondria and peroxisome or lysosome had risk and odds of 1.5 (effect) on aging and age-related disorders. There were no effects of mitochondrial communication with other organelles on certain pathologies. The relative risk of mitochondria to nucleus crosstalk on apoptosis was assessed 1.13, and relative risk of mitochondria to lysosome crosstalk was assessed 2. In addition, the odds ratio of mitochondria to lysosome crosstalk on apoptosis was assessed 5, indicating a large effect on this crosstalk. Conclusions: Recent expansion of pharmacological, molecular, and genetic tools indicated these organelles have active intracellular and extracellular communications, which is important for cells and organ homeostasis. Disruption of such communication has been associated with aging and age-related disorders in this research.

scholarly journals Disease stability and extended dosing under anti-VEGF treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) — a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus G. Garweg ◽  
Christin Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Interval Extension ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Purpose To assess disease stability (absence of intra- and/or subretinal fluid) and the portion of eyes being capable to extend their treatment interval to ≥ 12 weeks in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A systematic literature search was performed in NCBI, PubMed, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify clinical studies reporting treatment outcomes for ranibizumab, aflibercept, and brolucizumab in exudative AMD under a treat-and-extend protocol and a follow-up of ≥ 12 months. Weighted mean differences and subgroup comparisons were used to integrate the different studies. Results This meta-analysis refers to 29 published series, including 27 independent samples and 5629 patients. In the pooled group, disease stability was reported in 62.9% and 56.0%, respectively, after 12 and 24 months of treatment, whereas treatment intervals were extended to ≥ 12 weeks in 37.7% and 42.6%, respectively. Ranibizumab, aflibercept, and brolucizumab differed regarding their potential to achieve disease stability (56.3%, 64.5%, and 71.5% after 12, and 50.0%, 52.7% and 75.7% after 24 months; p = < 0.001) and to allow an interval extension to ≥ 12 weeks (28.6%, 34.2%, and 53.3% after 12, and 34.2%, 47.7%, and 41.7% after 24 months; p = < 0.001). Conclusion The portion of eyes achieving disease stability regressed in the second year, whereas the portion of eyes under a ≥ 12-week interval increased. This discrepancy may reflect the challenges in balancing between under-treatment and a reduced treatment burden.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
William G Wuenstel ◽  
James A. Johnson ◽  
James Humphries ◽  
Cheryl Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Central American ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="387">The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D.  Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91.  The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D. The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.</td><td width="0" height="85"> </td></tr><tr><td width="0" height="82"> </td></tr></tbody></table>

Epistaxis Risk Associated with Intranasal Corticosteroid Sprays: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Wu ◽  
William C. Harris ◽  
Casey M. Babcock ◽  
Bailin H. Alexander ◽  
Charles A. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Intranasal corticosteroids (INCSs) are widely utilized for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Epistaxis is a known adverse effect of INCSs, but it is not known if the risk of epistaxis differs among INCSs. Data Sources Systematic review of primary studies identified through Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Cochrane databases. Review Methods Systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA standard. English-language studies were queried through February 1, 2018. The search identified randomized controlled trials of INCSs for treatment of allergic rhinitis that reported incidence of epistaxis. An itemized assessment of the risk of bias was conducted for each included study, and meta-analysis was performed of the relative risk of epistaxis for each INCS. Results Of 949 identified studies, 72 met the criteria for analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated an overall relative risk of epistaxis of 1.48 (95% CI, 1.32-1.67) for all INCSs. The INCSs associated with the highest risk of epistaxis were beclomethasone hydrofluoroalkane, fluticasone furoate, mometasone furoate, and fluticasone propionate. Beclomethasone aqueous, ciclesonide hydrofluoroalkane, and ciclesonide aqueous were associated with the lowest risk of epistaxis. Conclusions about epistaxis with use of budesonide, triamcinolone, and flunisolide are limited due to the low number of studies and high heterogeneity. Conclusions While a differential effect on epistaxis among INCS agents is not clearly demonstrated, this meta-analysis does confirm an increased risk of epistaxis for patients using INCSs as compared with placebo for treatment of allergic rhinitis.

scholarly journals Tocilizumab and Mortality in Hospitalised Patients with Covid-19. A Systematic Review Comparing Randomised Trials with Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-29
Author(s):  
Nawab Qizilbash ◽  
Bélène Podmore ◽  
Alessandra Lacetera ◽  
Itziar Ubillos ◽  
Kirsty Andresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

Background: Early observational studies suggested that tocilizumab might produce clinical improvement in covid-19 patients leading to the use of tocilizumab. Early underpowered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) however did not show benefit until the most recent largest trial. RECOVERY trial. We aimed to compare the evidence from RCTs and observational studies of the effect of tocilizumab on in-hospital mortality in patients with covid-19. Materials and Methods: Embase and PubMed were searched from July 2020 until 1 March 2021. Observational studies and RCTs assessing in-hospital mortality in patients receiving tocilizumab compared with standard care or placebo were included. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality closest to 30 days. The risk of bias in observational studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. A fixed effect meta-analysis was used to combine relative risks, with random effects and risk of bias as a sensitivity analysis. Results: Of 5,792 publications screened for inclusion, eight RCTs and 33 observational studies were identified. The RCTs showed an overall relative risk reduction in in-hospital mortality at 30 days of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 0.96) with no statistically significant heterogeneity. 23 of the observational studies had a severe risk of bias, 10 of which did not adjust for potential confounders. The 10 observational studies with moderate risk of bias reported a larger reduction in mortality at 30-days (relative risk 0.72, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.81) but with significant heterogeneity (P<0.01). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides strong evidence from RCTs that tocilizumab reduces the risk of mortality in hospitalised covid-19 patients. Observational studies with moderate risk of bias exaggerated the benefits on mortality two-fold and showed heterogeneity. Collectively observational studies provide a less reliable evidence base for evaluating treatments for covid-19.

scholarly journals Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
William G Wuenstel ◽  
James A. Johnson ◽  
James Humphries ◽  
Cheryl Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Central American ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D.  Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants.  Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D.The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
William G Wuenstel ◽  
James A. Johnson ◽  
James Humphries ◽  
Cheryl Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Central American ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D.  Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants.  Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D.The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals To understand a meta-analysis, best read the fine print.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Greason
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
P Value ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Individual Point ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fine Print

The results of a meta-analysis are more than just the reported odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P value. Of equal importance is the fine print of the study which should include assessment of risk of bias, certainty in evidence, and heterogeneity in the individual point estimates and confidence intervals. These areas all have influence on the quality of the data in the analysis. Reading and understanding the fine print is important.

Accuracy of Foot Pressure Measurement on Predicting the Development of Foot Ulcer in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110435
Author(s):  
João Pedro Wardani de Castro ◽  
Felipe Camargo Ferreira ◽  
João Gustavo Franco Vargas ◽  
Lucas Bressan Bosso ◽  
Nathan Nabozny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: Areas of the foot with diabetic ulcers have been observed to have greater plantar pressures compared to non-ulcerated. Pressures play an essential role in the mechanism of lesion, and their reduction is effective in prevention. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate pedobarography as a predictive tool for ulcer development, since there is still no consensus on this aspect. Methods: We searched PUBMED (MedLine), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scielo for cohort studies that measured plantar pressure at baseline and verified ulcer development on follow-up. Pooled effects of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and relative risk were calculated using the inverse variance method. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results: Three studies ( n = 2000) had enough information on accuracy to be included into a meta-analysis, and 4 ( n = 2651) were analyzed using qualitative methods. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were found to be 0.63 (Confidence Interval (CI) 0.58-0.68) and 0.42 (CI 0.27-0.58), respectively. Pooled relative risk was 1.95 (CI 1.09-3.51). Risk of bias was low to uncertain. Conclusions: Pedobarography in itself appears to have low accuracy in evaluating risk of ulceration. Several methodological heterogeneities were found, and the most optimal cut-off value is yet to be determined.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the impact of the Alpha and Gamma variants of concern on hospitalization and symptomatic rates of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schroeder ◽  
Matthew R. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

AbstractThe hospitalization and symptomatic rates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) are key epidemiological parameters affecting risk analyses conducted for the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) during the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. As one of the criteria of a variant of concern (VOC) is that it affects disease severity, the authors sought to understand whether the Alpha and Gamma VOCs are significantly different in these two parameters than the original wildtype of SARS-CoV-2, the most prevalent in relevant areas of Canada as of study initiation. Searches for studies were conducted in Scopus and PubMed, and located through following citations and receiving studies from daily literature scans. For the hospitalization outcome, effect ratios relative to original wildtype were included. For the symptomatic ratio, the ratio itself for each variant was used. Analysis of age-related effects was of particular value, as CAF members are primarily adults under the age of 60. The firmest conclusion of this review is that the Alpha VOC comes with a higher relative risk of hospitalization compared to the original wildtype, most likely above 1.4, while unlikely to be above 2, with the balance of evidence being that the relative risk is not significantly modified by age. The evidence for Gamma is more limited, but the odds ratio may be above 2, and potentially much greater than that, especially for those 20-39 years of age. For both VOCs reports on symptomatic ratio differed on whether there was an effect, as well as its potential direction.

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