scholarly journals Presternal Scrofuloderma: Tip of the Iceberg Unveiling Multifocal Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis - A Rare Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindranath Brahmadeo Chavan ◽  
Vasudha Abhijit Belgaumkar ◽  
Nitika S. Deshmukh ◽  
Vijay Deepak Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Cutaneous Tuberculosis ◽  
Antitubercular Treatment ◽  
Sternal Osteomyelitis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Deep Fungal Infection

Introduction: Scrofuloderma, a type of secondary cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) commonly arising from the underlying cervical or axillary lymph node foci via contiguity, is frequent in the pediatric population. The origin of scrofuloderma from the underlying sternal tubercular osteomyelitic focus is exceptionally unusual. It can rarely be a part of the convoluted riddle of multifocal TB, particularly in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Case Presentation: We hereby report a 16-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with chronic, sinus-like lesions with bridging scars on the upper chest, clinically confounded with infected keloid and deep fungal infection. She was later diagnosed with scrofuloderma arising from sternal osteomyelitis compounded with multifocal tuberculosis (sternal, mediastinal, cutaneous, lumbar vertebral) and received antitubercular treatment. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of harboring clinical scepticism supported by thorough systemic investigations while diagnosing these innocuous mimickers occurring at rare sites, even in immunocompetent individuals.

scholarly journals Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome in a child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A rare Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Jing Dong ◽  
Su-Yun Lei ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xin-Ping Yang ◽  
yuye li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Left Lower Extremity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rare Case Report

Abstract BACKGROUNDAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a noninflammatory autoimmune disorder induced by antiphospholipid antibodies, which exceedingly rarely occurs in pediatric population and even more rarely reported in HIV positive children.CASE SUMMARYA 11 years old boy had a sudden onset left lower extremity swelling with pain and the symptoms gradually worsened. Initial one-month topical treatment was ineffective and the symptoms aggravated until suddenly spread to the root of his thigh, accompanied by left lower extremity dyskinesia. Both ultrasonography and vascular CT scan on left lower extremity revealed deep venous thrombosis. His serum aPLs antibodies were tested positive. He experienced a virology failure with substantial HIV viral load (VL) despite receiving regular antiretroviral therapy (ART). The symptoms recovered after aggressive antithrombotic and high-dose corticosteroids treatments.CONCLUSIONWhen pediatric individuals develop thrombotic disease, APS also needs to be ruled out. The autoantibodies levels should be routinely tested to look for recurrent thrombosis in children with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Refractory pharyngeal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus in a patient with HIV infection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morichika Osa ◽  
Akihiro Sato ◽  
Maki Sakagami ◽  
Masaki Machida ◽  
Takao Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen among immunocompromised hosts. Typically, CMV in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes diseases of the retina, digestive tract, lungs and liver, but there are few cases of CMV infection of the pharynx and larynx. Case presentation A 57-year-old man with HIV infection was admitted because of pharyngeal pain. Before and after admission, pharyngeal biopsies guided by laryngeal endoscopy were performed four times, but pathological examination showed nonspecific inflammation, and the cause of pharyngeal ulceration was unclear. Additionally, the ulceration deteriorated after initiation of retroviral therapy. Laryngomicrosurgery was conducted under general anesthesia to remove tissue, and pathological diagnosis confirmed CMV infection. Pathological features included enlargement of the cytoplasm and nucleus in infected cells, and intranuclear bodies called owl’s eye inclusions. Ganciclovir dramatically improved the symptoms and laryngoscopic findings. Conclusions This case was diagnosed as pharyngitis and pharyngeal ulceration caused by CMV infection, related to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. In previous reports of CMV-induced pharyngeal or laryngeal ulceration in HIV infection, we found six cases similar to our present case. All cases were diagnosed by biopsy. The present case indicates the importance of biopsy for definitive diagnosis. CMV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis of pharyngeal ulceration in patients with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Bladder hamartoma in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a rare case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Irfaan Albeerdy ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Abdul Hafeez Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Hamartomatous Polyps ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Mucocutaneous Pigmentation ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome ◽  
Comprehensive Compilation

Abstract Background Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation and hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). There have also been cases of extra GIT polyps such as the renal pelvis, urinary bladder, lungs and nares. Bladder hamartoma is an extremely rare finding, with only 12 cases described in the literature up to now. The rarity of the condition necessitates a comprehensive compilation of managements up to now so as to provide a better tool for the treatment of such conditions in the future. Case presentation A twenty-year-old male, known to have Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, presented to us complaining of obstructive urinary symptoms. A urethrogram done showed a filling defect at the base of the urinary bladder. The mass was resected transurethrally, and histopathology revealed a hamartoma of the bladder. The patient has since remained tumor-free on follow-up. Conclusions Transurethral resection of the bladder mass proved to be an effective therapy in this patient with no recurrence on the patient’s follow-up till now. There is still, however, a dearth of knowledge regarding the management of bladder hamartomas owing to the extreme rarity of the case.

scholarly journals Is it always Wilms’ tumor? Localized cystic disease of the kidney in an infant. An extremely rare case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Kaselas ◽  
Charikleia Demiri ◽  
Vasilios Mouravas ◽  
Eleni Koutra ◽  
Kleanthis Anastasiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Renal Malignancies

Localized Cystic Disease of the Kidney (LCDK) is an extremely rare benign disease in pediatric population. Although its management is conservative and generally requires no treatment, the unfamiliarity with the disease can expose such patients to misdiagnosis as renal malignancies or uncertainty for proper treatment. We report such a case in an infant and review the current literature.

scholarly journals Recurrent schwannoma of the tongue in a pediatric patient—report of a rare case with an updated review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Singh ◽  
Vaisakh Kuzhikkali ◽  
Arvind Kumar Kairo
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
Mobile Tongue

Abstract Background Head and neck is a relatively common site of occurrence for the peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and majority of these tumors are seen involving neck, involving vagus nerve, and cervical sympathetic chain. Schwannomas involving mobile tongue are rarely encountered, especially in the pediatric population Case presentation We present a case of recurrent tongue schwannoma in a 13-year-old female successfully managed with transoral excision. At a follow-up of 3 years, no recurrence is observed. Conclusion Surgical excision is the recommended modality of treatment for lingual schwannomas, and when excised adequately, recurrences are not expected. A clear margin of surrounding normal tissue should be aimed for to avoid possible recurrence.

scholarly journals Large-extension osteosarcoma with involvement of multiple maxillofacial structures: a rare case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e1519108461
Author(s):  
Rani Iani Costa Gonçalo ◽  
Cristiane Kalinne Santos Medeiros ◽  
Humberto Pereira Chaves Neto ◽  
Janaina Lessa de Moraes dos Santos ◽  
Adriano Rocha Germano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Rare Case Report

Background: Osteosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that occurs most often in long bones, with the head and neck region being rarely affected, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers in this region. Objective: To report a rare case of a large-extension osteosarcoma with emphasis on its clinical and diagnostic aspects. Case presentation: A 43-year-old woman presenting an intraoral exophytic lesion with involvement of other maxillofacial structures, such as nostril, zygoma and orbit. Despite the initial clinical diagnosis of actinomycosis, an incisional biopsy confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of osteosarcoma, showing a wide morphological variety. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of clinical and histopathological findings for the correct diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Moreover, it shows that, although surgical resection is the primary treatment for this neoplasia, depending on the extent of the tumor and its proximity to vital anatomical structures, the most appropriate conduct is not always feasible.

scholarly journals Aggravated Primary Lymphedema of Contralateral Upper Limb after the Radical Mastectomy: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Weiren Pan ◽  
Jinghong Guan ◽  
Xiao Long
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Secondary Lymphedema ◽  
Primary Lymphedema ◽  
Lymphatic Development

Abstract Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema is usually characterized by edema of the affected the ipsilateral upper limb and trunk. We report a case of aggravated primary lymphedema in the contralateral limb and trunk after breast cancer resection and axillary lymph node dissection.Case presentation: A 63-year-old female developed right thorax-back and upper limb swelling since childhood. After the modified mastectomy, the swelling of her right chest, back and upper limb increased. While she had no edema of left torso and limb. There was no relevant supplementary examination data because she refused to take lymphoscintigraphy or MRI scan. However, according to her medical history and physical examination, she was preliminarily diagnosed as primary lymphedema, International Society of lymphedema stage 2.Conclusions: Primary lymphedema and secondary lymphedema may be both results of the interaction of multiple factors and can be induced or aggravated by trauma, surgery or other reasons besides the abnormal lymphatic development of individuals.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Infection Mimicking Brain Metastatic Malignancy Lesions in an Elderly Male

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Anyfantakis ◽  
Ageliki Damianaki ◽  
Maria Kokosi ◽  
Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis ◽  
Serafim Kastanakis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

An 83-year-old Caucasian Greek man was referred by his general practitioner to the emergency department of the general hospital in Crete because of seizures and agitation. His past medical history was negative for any neurological or medical condition. Electroencephalogram showed a bradyarrhythmic theta activity, without evidence of any focal or other specific abnormality. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a number of diffuse nodular lesions and moderate perivascular edema. An axillary lymph node fine needle aspiration cytology suggested a granulomatous lymphadenitis along with signs of tuberculous infiltration. Tuberculin skin test was positive. We report a rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis mimicking brain metastatic lesions.

Multilocular Thymic Cyst in a Patient with Untreated HIV/AIDS: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M Czech ◽  
William Ogden ◽  
Rashmi Batra ◽  
Joseph D Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Thymic Cysts ◽  
Multilocular Thymic Cyst

Background: Multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are rarely reported. Case Presentation: We describe a case of symptomatic MTC in a male with untreated HIV. A presumptive diagnosis was established based on radiographic imaging and biopsy. Pathologic diagnosis and exclusion of malignancy were ultimately confirmed the following thymectomy. In conjunction with starting antiretroviral therapy, the patient recovered well post-operatively with a resolution of his presenting symptoms. Conclusion: Our case report and review of the literature serve to highlight MTCs as an important clinical entity occurring in persons with HIV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document