scholarly journals Fungal Infections Among Patients with Immunodeficiency Presenting to Medical Mycology Lab of Special Clinic of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (2013 - 2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mikaeili ◽  
Maryam Zandian ◽  
Mansour Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Special Clinic

scholarly journals In-Vitro Activity of Nano Fluconazole and Conventional Flucon-azole against Clinically Important Dermatophytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmossadat MUSAVI BAFRUI ◽  
Seyed Jamal HASHEMI HAZAVEH ◽  
Mansour BAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Better Than

Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans. Antifungals such as fluconazole are effectively used for treating dermatophytosis; however, drug resistance was observed in many cases. Therefore, a newer treatment strategy is essential. Methods: This study (Conducted in the Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018) evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of nano fluconazole compared to conventional fluconazole on dermatophyte isolates using CLSI M38-A2guidelines. Dermatophyte species isolated from clinical cases of dermatophytosis were identified using PCR sequencing techniques. Zeta potential and size of the nano particles containing fluconazole were measured; scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine nano particle structure. Results: The size of liposomal fluconazole obtained was 88.9  12.14 nm with –20.12  3.8 mV for zeta potential. The encapsulation rate for fluconazole was 75.1  4.2%. MIC50 for the three tested species was 32, 16, and 8 μg/ml for Trichophyton interdigitale, T. rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum isolates, respectively. The corresponding values for nano fluconazole were 8 μg/ml for the three tested species. Conclusion: MIC value for nano-fluconazole was lower than conventional fluconazole in all dermatophytes species tested; therefore, nano-fluconazole could inhibit the growth of dermatophytes better than fluconazole at a lower concentration of the drug.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Breakthrough Fungal Infections in the Clinical Mycology Laboratory: An ECMM Consensus Statement

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Jenks ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gangneux ◽  
Ilan S. Schwartz ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
Katrien Lagrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Clinical Mycology ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Endemic Mycoses ◽  
The Impact

Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFI) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Their diagnosis can be challenging due to reduced sensitivity to conventional culture techniques, serologic tests, and PCR-based assays in patients undergoing antifungal therapy, and their diagnosis can be delayed contributing to poor patient outcomes. In this review, we provide consensus recommendations on behalf of the European Confederation for Medical Mycology (ECMM) for the diagnosis of bIFI caused by invasive yeasts, molds, and endemic mycoses, to guide diagnostic efforts in patients receiving antifungals and support the design of future clinical trials in the field of clinical mycology. The cornerstone of lab-based diagnosis of breakthrough infections for yeast and endemic mycoses remain conventional culture, to accurately identify the causative pathogen and allow for antifungal susceptibility testing. The impact of non-culture-based methods are not well-studied for the definite diagnosis of breakthrough invasive yeast infections. Non-culture-based methods have an important role for the diagnosis of breakthrough invasive mold infections, in particular invasive aspergillosis, and a combination of testing involving conventional culture, antigen-based assays, and PCR-based assays should be considered. Multiple diagnostic modalities, including histopathology, culture, antibody, and/or antigen tests and occasionally PCR-based assays may be required to diagnose breakthrough endemic mycoses. A need exists for diagnostic tests that are effective, simple, cheap, and rapid to enable the diagnosis of bIFI in patients taking antifungals.

scholarly journals Study of Fungal Contamination Intensive Care Units of Arak Educational Hospitals and Determining Drug Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-359
Author(s):  
Erfan Rezaei ◽  
◽  
Mojtaba Didehdar ◽  
Seyed Hamed Mirhoseini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolated Species

Background and Aim: Fungal infections are among the most critical and common issues for hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units. This study aimed to determine the fungal contamination of indoor air and surfaces in sensitive wards of the Arak University of Medical Sciences educational hospitals and determine the drug susceptibility pattern of isolated species. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 63 air samples were taken from sensitive hospital wards using the one-stage Anderson method, and 63 surfaces samples were taken using wet cotton swabs and cultured in saprodextrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol. Identification of the genus and, as far as possible, the species of fungi was performed using the culture method on the slide. Drug susceptibility testing was performed on isolated species by broth microdilution method (CLSI-M38A2 standard). Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.315). Results: From the total samples, 18 species of fungi were isolated. These included: Aspergillus niger (8), Aspergillus flavus (4), Aspergillus fumigatus (2), Rhizopus spp. (2), Mucor spp. (1) and Fusarium spp. (1). In the drug sensitivity assay, instances of resistance included: Partial sensitivity of Aspergillus fumigatus to Itraconazole (1), Partial sensitivity of Aspergillus niger to Ketoconazole (1), and Resistance of Aspergillus niger to Itraconazole (1). Conclusion: The pattern of nosocomial fungal infection with pathogenic fungi and the drug susceptibility pattern of these organisms in other regions of Iran and the world is relatively consistent with the present study results. And drugs listed in global guidelines for treating these infections, such as voriconazole and caspofungin in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive mucormycosis and Fusarium wilt, are now effective drugs. Keywords: Invasive fungal infections, Airborne fungi, Dru

scholarly journals An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohireh Taei ◽  
Mostafa Chadeganipour ◽  
Rasoul Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

Abstract Objective: Yeasts are opportunistic microorganisms can cause human fungal infection among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to identify Candida species and uncommon yeasts obtained from clinical specimens in Kashani university hospital and Shefa Lab as a referral medical mycology laboratory, in Isfahan, Iran, by combination of various molecular techniques. Results: A total of 202 yeast strains were isolated from 341 clinical samples between February 2017 to May 2019. All clinical isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular tests. PCR-RFLP, duplex-PCR, multiplex-PCR, and PCR-sequencing were applied for molecular identification of yeasts. The most clinical samples were obtained from urine (66.8%), nail (9.4%), bronchoalveolar lavage (5.9%), sore (4.4%), and blood (3.9%). One hundred and twenty-one Candida species were identified as non- albicans against 76 Candida albicans. Trichosporon asahii, and Pichia terricola were uncommon non- Candida yeasts isolated from urine samples. For the first time, we isolated P. terricola as etiologic agent of urinary tract infection in a pregnant female. Since non- albicans Candida species and non- Candida yeasts have various virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile, precise molecular identification can help us to reach to the advantageous strategies for treatment of these fungal infections.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST FOR FUNGI: CLINICAL AND LABORATORIAL CORRELATIONS IN MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (suppl 19) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana ALASTRUEY-IZQUIERDO ◽  
Marcia S.C. MELHEM ◽  
Lucas X. BONFIETTI ◽  
Juan L. RODRIGUEZ-TUDELA
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
European Standards

SUMMARYDuring recent decades, antifungal susceptibility testing has become standardized and nowadays has the same role of the antibacterial susceptibility testing in microbiology laboratories. American and European standards have been developed, as well as equivalent commercial systems which are more appropriate for clinical laboratories. The detection of resistant strains by means of these systems has allowed the study and understanding of the molecular basis and the mechanisms of resistance of fungal species to antifungal agents. In addition, many studies on the correlation of in vitro results with the outcome of patients have been performed, reaching the conclusion that infections caused by resistant strains have worse outcome than those caused by susceptible fungal isolates. These studies have allowed the development of interpretative breakpoints for Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., the most frequent agents of fungal infections in the world. In summary, antifungal susceptibility tests have become essential tools to guide the treatment of fungal diseases, to know the local and global disease epidemiology, and to identify resistance to antifungals.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of dermatophytosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of source of infection by restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Jha ◽  
S Mahadeva Murthy ◽  
NL Devi
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection

Introduction Dermatophytes are responsible for most superficial fungal infections and the estimated lifetime risk of acquiring a dermatophyte infection is between 10-20%. These fungi are mainly classified in three major genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Materials and Methods Clinically suspected 200 cases of dermatophyte infected patients from K. R. Hospital Mysore and Mission Hospital Mysore were included in this descriptive study from January 2011 to June 2012. All the culture positive smear- 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and culture in different dermatophytic medium patients were confirmed by PCR and source of infection was detected (n=10) from PCR positive patients and (n=10) from their domestic animals by PCR-RFLP methods targeting 18S rDNA regions of fungi. Results Out of 200 clinically suspected cases KOH mount was positive in 143 (71.5%) cases and culture was positive in 132(66%) cases. The isolates belonged to three genera and eight species as T.mentagrophytes 52(39.4%), T.rubrum 30(22.7%), T.violacium 18(13.6%), T.verrucosum 11(8.3%), E.floccosum 10(7.6%), M.canis 6(4.5%), T.tonsurans 03(2.3%) and T.schollenii 2(1.5%). To identify the source of infection 10 animals ,one each from the houses of 10 patients who were PCR positive were also subjected to PCR and RFLP. The animals and the patients were found to be infected by same organisms T.verrucosum .This indicates that T.verrucosum infection is from animal source. Conclusion Dermatophytic infections are more common infectious disease. Preliminary diagnosis of dermatophytosis can be done by KOH mount and culture, which takes longer time to report and cannot differentiate at the genus and species level. Results indicate that PCR-RFLP may be considered as gold standard for the diagnosis and confirmation of source of infection of dermatophytosis and can aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-4, 7-15 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i4.8694

scholarly journals International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)—New Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Arunaloke Chakrabarti ◽  
Jacques F. Meis ◽  
Oliver A. Cornely
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
International Society ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Global Action

Fungal infections have emerged as major threat to human beings. The world is not ready to face this formidable challenge due to limited awareness, insufficient laboratories, and difficulty in managing mycoses especially in developing countries. The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) has undertaken several new initiatives to overcome these gaps, including a global outreach program with national affiliated mycology societies and other regional groups. ISHAM is working closely with the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) to enhance these efforts. The society has launched laboratory e-courses and is in the process of the development of clinical e-courses. ISHAM has partnered with regional conferences in South America and Asia by sponsoring international experts and young delegates. The society also supports young people from less developed countries to undergo training in laboratories of excellence. ISHAM facilitated the formation of the INFOCUS-Latin American Clinical Mycology Working Group (LATAM) and the Pan-African Mycology Working Group. The society appointed country ambassadors to facilitate coordination with national societies. Still, the task is enormous and ISHAM calls for strong advocacy and more coordinated activities to attract the attention of people from all disciplines to this neglected field.

scholarly journals Medical mycology and fungal immunology: new research perspectives addressing a major world health challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1709) ◽  
pp. 20150462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. R. Gow ◽  
Mihai G. Netea
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Fungal Immunology

Fungi cause more than a billion skin infections, more than 100 million mucosal infections, 10 million serious allergies and more than a million deaths each year. Global mortality owing to fungal infections is greater than for malaria and breast cancer and is equivalent to that owing to tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. These statistics evidence fungal infections as a major threat to human health and a major burden to healthcare budgets worldwide. Those patients who are at greatest risk of life-threatening fungal infections include those who have weakened immunity or have suffered trauma or other predisposing infections such as HIV. To address these global threats to human health, more research is urgently needed to understand the immunopathology of fungal disease and human disease susceptibility in order to augment the advances being made in fungal diagnostics and drug development. Here, we highlight some recent advances in basic research in medical mycology and fungal immunology that are beginning to inform clinical decisions and options for personalized medicine, vaccine development and adjunct immunotherapies. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

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