scholarly journals Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Different Extracts from Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Taleghani ◽  
Samira Eghbali-Feriz ◽  
Parisa Shokouhnam ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Emami ◽  
Faegheh Farhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Melanin Content ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Oil Concentration

Background: Pistacia is a genus of flowering plants from the Anacardiaceae family that grows in different parts of Iran. This genus has different pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic effect of different extracts and essential oil from unripe fruits of P. atlantica subsp. Kurdica on B16F10 cell line. Methods: The inhibitory effect was determined on the synthesis of melanin, cellular tyrosinase, mushroom tyrosinase activity, and oxidative stress by the colorimetric and fluorometric methods. Results: The data showed that all different concentrations of various P. atlantica subsp. Kurdica extracts had no cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells compared to the control group. Kojic acid as positive control had significant decreasing effects on tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and ROS production (P < 0.001). Different concentrations of P. atlantica subsp. Kurdica extracts decreased all measured parameters, including cellular tyrosinase and melanin content, as well as ROS production. Also, the essential oil concentration had no significant effect in this study. The major essential oil components were α-pinene 60.1%, myrcene 8.0%, and β-pinene 5.2%. Conclusions: The melanogenesis inhibitory and antioxidant effects of P. atlantica subsp. Kurdica on B16F10 cells may suggest this plant as a new pharmaceutical agent in reducing skin pigment and aging in the cosmetic industry.

scholarly journals Camellia japonica Essential Oil Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanin Production and Tyrosinase Activity in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Si Young Ha ◽  
Ji Young Jung ◽  
Jae-Kyung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Natural Substances

Essential oils are aromatic oils extracted from the leaves, stems, peels, petals, and roots of aromatic plants grown in nature or grown in organic methods and have various medical effects as natural substances. The essential oil extracted from Camellia japonica seeds exhibits various functional properties; however, its tyrosinase inhibitory activity has not been investigated extensively. This study is performed to investigate the chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Camellia japonica seed essential oil (CJS-EO). Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (42.36%) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (23.28%) are the two primary components of CJS-EO, as identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The inhibitory activities of CJS-EO and positive control arbutin are further evaluated against mushroom tyrosinase. The results show that CJS-EO and arbutin inhibit tyrosinase activity. Moreover, CJS-EO significantly inhibits melanogenesis in the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-treated group, and a significant amount of melanin is suppressed. To ascertain the cause of the CJS-EO tyrosinase inhibitory effect and melanin reduction effect, genetic and protein analyses are performed. Based on our results, we tentatively conclude that CJS-EO can inhibit melanocytes from harmful factors such as tyrosinase-related protein. These results demonstrate that CJS-EO possesses potent antityrosinase activity and may be a good skin-whitening agent.

Anti-Melanogenic Activity of p-Chlorophenyl Benzyl Ether in α-MSH-Induced Mouse Melanoma B16F10 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Wassana Riam-Amatakun ◽  
Panupan Limpachayaporn ◽  
Jhoan Rhea L. Pizon ◽  
Praneet Opanasopit ◽  
Nopparat Nuntharatanapon
Keyword(s):  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Benzyl Ether ◽  
Melanin Content ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
B16f10 Cells

Melanin is cutaneous pigment which level of its production determines skin complexion. Overproduction of melanin, frequently promoted by UV rays, results in darkening of the skin. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity, a core component in melanin biosynthesis, is one of the mechanisms of depigmenting agents. Hydroquinone and kojic acid are the examples of well-known whitening agents widely used in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. However, their adverse effect issues still needed to be overcome. A recent study showed that p-chlorophenyl benzyl ether (Cl-benz), a new synthetic compound, more strongly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase than kojic acid. In the current study, cytotoxicity, anti-melanogenic activity and anti-tyrosinase activity of Cl-benz were performed in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells compared to kojic acid. After 24 h of treatment on B16F10 cells, the cytotoxicity was not observed with Cl-benz and kojic acid. However, after incubation for 48 h, kojic acid at a concentration of 500 μM reduced cell viability less than 50%, whereas Cl-benz-treated cells showed negligible cytotoxicity. For cell-based assay, Cl-benz exhibited inhibitory effect similar to kojic acid. Melanin production in B16F10 cells was suppressed by Cl-benz in a dose dependent manner. One hundred micrograms of Cl-benz decreased melanin content in α-MSH by 66%. Moreover, the percentage of cellular tyrosinase activity of Cl-benz showed positive association with its corresponding melanin content. These results revealed that Cl-benz could inhibit melanogenesis via the mechanism of cellular tyrosinase inhibition. Accordingly, Cl-benz has potential to become a novel skin whitening agent in terms of efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals The Dual Antimelanogenic and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves ofAcorus macrospadiceus(Yamamoto) F. N. Wei et Y. K. Li

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Chun Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Fen Wang ◽  
Kuang-Hway Yih ◽  
Long-Zen Chang ◽  
Tsong-Min Chang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Melanin Content ◽  
Chelating Activity

The antimelanogenic and antioxidant activities of the essential oil extracted from the leaves ofAcorus macrospadiceus(Yamamoto) F. N. Wei et Y. K. Li have never been explored. The essential oil effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity (EC50= 1.57 mg/mL) and B16F10 tyrosinase activity (IC50= 1.01 mg/mL), decreased the melanin content (EC50= 1.04 mg/mL), and depleted the cellular level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) (EC50= 1.87 mg/mL). The essential oil effectively scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) (EC50= 0.121 mg/mL) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ABTS+radicals (EC50= 0.122 mg/mL). It also exhibited an apparent reducing power (EC50= 0.021 mg/mL) and metal-ion chelating activity (EC50= 0.029 mg/mL). The chemical constituents of the essential oil are ethers (55.73%), ketones (19.57%), monoterpenes (7.82%), alcohols (3.85%), esters (3.77%), sesquiterpenes (3.72%), and aromatic compounds (2.85%). The results confirm thatA. macrospadiceusessential oil is a natural antioxidant and inhibitor of melanogenesis.

scholarly journals Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Ikan Nike (Awous melanocephalus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Stevia E. Nonutu ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: One of the treatment options of periodontal abscess caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum is administration of antibiotics. However, long-term antibiotics consumption can cause negative side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments that have low side effects and easy to be obtained are needed. Nike fish (Awaous melanocephalus) is one of the endemic fish of North Sulawesi province which has antibacterial properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the inhibition effect of nike fish extract on the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum. This was a true experimental study with a posttest only control group design. We used modified Kirby-Bauer method with filter papers. Ciprofloxacin was used as the positive control and aquadest as the negative control. Extract of nike fish and stock of pure bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum were prepared. The results showed that the average diameters of the inhibition zones formed in the nike fish extract after three repetitions, were as follows: for extract concentration of 12.5% was 2.91 mm; 25% was 4.16 mm; 50% was 8.41 mm; and 100% was 9.58 mm. In conclusion, nike fish extract (Awaous melanocephalus) at concentrations of 50% and 100% had a weak inhibitory effect (Himedia category) on the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum meanwhile at concentrations of 12.5% and 25% there was no activity of zone of inhibition.Keywords: extract of nike fish (Awaous melanocephalus); Fusobacterium nucleatum; inhibitory effect Abstrak: Salah satu opsi pengobatan abses periodontal yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum yaitu dengan penggunaan antibiotik namun mengonsumsi antibiotik jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping negatif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengobatan alternatif yang memiliki efek samping rendah serta mudah didapat. Ikan nike merupakan salah satu ikan endemik Provinsi Sulawesi Utara yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak ikan nike (Awaous melanocephalus) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer dengan menggunakan paper disk. Kontrol positif menggunakan antibakteri ciprofloxacin dan kontrol negatif menggunakan akuades. Pada penelitian ini digunakan ekstrak ikan nike dan stok bakteri murni Fusobacterium nucleatum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada ekstrak ikan nike setelah tiga kali pengulangan yaitu untuk konsentrasi 12,5% sebesar 2,91 mm; 25% sebesar 4,16 mm; 50% sebesar 8,41 mm; dan 100% sebesar 9,58 mm. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak ikan nike (Awaous melanocephalus) pada konsentrasi 50% dan 100% memiliki daya hambat kategori lemah (Himedia) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum sedangkan pada konsentrasi 12,5% dan 25% dikategorikan tidak terdapat aktivitas zona hambat. Kata kunci: ekstrak ikan nike (Awaous melanocephalus); Fusobacterium nucleatum; daya hambat

Mesoporous TiO2 Nanaoparticles Inhibits Malignant Pancreatic Cancer Cells Through STAT Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1716-1723
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Yueyue Lu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoping Tan
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stat Pathway

Nanoparticles are known to have recognition ability for targeted delivery, and are thus widely used in the treatments of diseases. Mesoporous nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have characteristics of nanomaterials and their porous structure with high surface area strengthens their drug-loading capacity and targeting ability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mesoporous nano-TiO2 on pancreatic cancer cells and STAT pathway activity. Initially, we prepared mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles that were characterized. Pancreatic cancer cells were co-cultured with mesoporous nano-TiO2 nanoparticles at different concentrations (0.1 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, and 10 μg/mL) or 10 μg/mL nano-TiO2 (positive control group) or cells cultured alone (blank group). Cell viability was determined at several specific time points (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Transwell assay and scratching assay were conducted to determine the number of migrated and invaded cells. STAT3 and JAK2 expressions were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. The prepared mesoporous nano-TiO2 exhibited sharp diffraction peaks with enhanced intensity and diffraction rings. STAT pathway was activated in pancreas cancer cells, which had more fluorescent cells than normal cells. The presence of mesoporous nano-TiO2 nanoparticles suppressed cancer cell viability and their inhibition rate increased with increased of nano-TiO2 concentration. The concentration of 10 μg/mL exhibited greatest inhibitory effect and 10 μg/mL mesoporous nano-TiO2 thus was chosen for experimental group. The width of the scratch in the experimental group (19.97±0.82 mm) was higher than in the blank group and positive control group (P < 0.05); 10 μg/mL mesoporous nano-TiO2 significantly decreased the number of invaded cells (71.97±17.84) and number of cell clones (156.91±31.03) (P < 0.05). The expression levels of STAT3 (0.41±0.06 μg/μL) and JAK2 (0.39±0.04 ug/ul) were diminished by treatment with mesoporous nano-TiO2. Mesoporous nano-TiO2 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and STAT expression, as its inhibitory effect depends on its concentration. These findings might provide a novel insight into nanoparticle-based treatment for pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Hydroxyectoine via MITF Inhibition by JNK, p38, and AKT Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985852 ◽  
Author(s):  
You C. Chung ◽  
Min-Jin Kim ◽  
Eun Y. Kang ◽  
Yun B. Kim ◽  
Bong S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
B16f10 Melanoma ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

Melanin plays a role in determining human skin color of a person, and a large amount of melanin makes the skin color look darkened. The proper amount of melanin formation protects our skin from UV radiation, but excessive melanin production causes hyperpigmentation and leads to freckles, melasma, and lentigo. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of hydroxyectoine on melanogenesis and its mechanism in B16F10 cells. Melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity were determined. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and the activities of tyrosinase and other melanogenesis-related enzymes, such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2, were also examined. Hydroxyectoine treatment significantly inhibited melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that hydroxyectoine also reduced the expressions of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In addition, hydroxyectoine significantly reduced the expression of MITF, a major regulator of melanin production, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and activated the protein kinase B. The results demonstrated that hydroxyectoine inhibits the expression of MITF through the inhibition or activation of melanin-related signaling pathways and downregulates melanogenesis by inhibiting melanogenic enzyme expression and tyrosinase activity. Hydroxyectoine has potential value in functional cosmetics applications, such as whitening.

scholarly journals Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil Changes Tyrosinase Activity of α-MSH-Induced B16F10 Cells Via the Antimelanogenesic Effect of Eicosenoic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2097229
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Chia-Jen Nien ◽  
Lih-Geeng Chen ◽  
Sheng-Yang Lee ◽  
Wei-Jen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Model Free ◽  
B16f10 Cells

Melanogenesis is a complex process that can lead to pigmentation defects. Various chemical skin-lightening products have been developed to treat pigmentation disorders. However, these chemical products can cause harmful adverse effects. Therefore, the development of safer, natural bleaching ingredients is a trend for sustainability. It has been reported that unsaturated fatty acids exhibit significant antimelanogenic effects. Sapindus mukorossi seed oils contain abundant unsaturated fatty acids; however, these have not yet been investigated for beneficial effects on skin tone evenness. In this study, we tested the possibility of using S. mukorossi oil for the treatment of hyperpigmentation in an in vitro model. Free fatty acid compositions and β-sitosterol were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography, respectively. The effect of S. mukorossi oil on melanoma B16F10 cell viability was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The inhibitive effects of fatty acids and β-sitosterol in S. mukorossi oil on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced melanogenesis was evaluated by detecting melanin formation and tyrosinase activity. Our results showed that S. mukorossi oil produced no significant cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells at various concentrations compared with the control group. The enhancement of melanin formation induced by α-MSH was reduced by S. mukorossi oil. We also found that the primary fatty acid contributing to the antimelanogenesis effect was eicosenoic acid. These results suggest that S. mukorossi seed oil can effectively inhibit melanogenesis and has the potential for future development as a de-hyperpigmentation product within a waste utilization context.

scholarly journals Combined effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume essential oil and nystatin on Candida albicans growth and micromorphology

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Dias de Castro ◽  
Edeltrudes De Oliveira Lima ◽  
Irlan De Almeida Freires ◽  
Livia Araújo Alves
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Synergism ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Individual Agent

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">Introduction: The combination of a natural product and a synthetic antifungal may lead to a lower dose of each individual agent and </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">consequent reduction of adverse effects and greater pharmacological synergism. Objective: This study investigated the antifungal</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">activity of the essential oil (EO) from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume alone and combined with nystatin on Candida albicans growth </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">and micromorphology. Methodology: We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">Index (FIC) and the effect of the EO alone and combined with nystatin on the growth kinetics and production of virulence-related </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">structures by the yeasts, such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia. Results: When tested alone, the EO from C. zeylanicum and</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">nystatin showed MIC of 312.5 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml, respectively. When combined, MIC values decreased to 39 μg/ml and 32 μg/</span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">ml for the EO and nystatin, respectively. The value of the Fractional Concentration Index (FIC) was 0.6024, indicating additivity. It </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">could be observed that at all concentrations the products tested alone and in combination were able to reduce the number of CFU/</span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">mL, when compared to the control group (p<0.0001) from 30 min. In addition, both the products alone and combined inhibited </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">production of pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia compared to the control. Conclusion: The combination between the essential oil</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">from C. zeylanicum and nystatin potentiated the inhibitory effect on C. albicans growth. Furthermore, it reduced the production of </span><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">pathogenicity-related morphological structures such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">Key-words: Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Nystatin. Essential Oil. Natural Product. Drug synergism.</span></p>

scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidative Potentials of Onion (Allium cepaL.) Extract Fermented with a NovelLactobacillus caseiHD-010

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Woong-Suk Yang ◽  
Jin-Chul Kim ◽  
Jae Yong Lee ◽  
Cheorl-Ho Kim ◽  
Cher-Won Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Onion Extract ◽  
Coa Reductase

The purpose of this study was to investigate antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potentials of onion (Allium cepaL.) extract fermented with a novelLactobacillus caseiHD-010. In general, fermented onion extract is used for its antioxidative activity (ORAC), inhibitory effect on adipocytes differentiation, quercetin contents, and antihyperlipidemic activities. However, the effect of fermented onion extract on hyperlipidemia after oral administration using ApoE-deficient mice has not been reported yet. To understand the effect of fermented onion extract on hyperlipidemia, we used benzafibrate (10 mg/kg, bw/day) as a positive control in the present study. Serum was collected every week to analyze levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryi-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, and cholesterol ester transport protein (CETP) activity. In the fermented onion-treated group, HDL level was significantly increased while levels of TG and LDL were significantly decreased compared to those in the control group. In addition, the inhibition activity of HMG-CoA reductase was increased 20% in the fermented onion-treated group at 100 mg/kg. CETP activity has been observed to be significantly inhibited in the fermented onion-treated groups compared to that in the control group. These results suggest that fermented onion has a preventive/therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemic disease. It might have potential to be developed as a functional food.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document