scholarly journals The Role of Some Transcription Factors in Expression of GyrA and GyrB Following Exposure to Ciprofloxacin

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Pourahmad Jaktaji ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Lesani ◽  
Hoda Akhavan ◽  
Maryam Tanhaei
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Soxs Gene

Background: GyrA and gyrB genes encode DNA gyrase subunits. This enzyme regulates DNA supercoiling. Inhibitors of this enzyme, such as ciprofloxacin, may change the level of supercoiling and the expression level of genes, including gyrA and gyrB. Objectives: The aims of this research were first to select some transcription factors, which regulate the expression of gyrA and gyrB. Secondly, the effect of these transcription factors was investigated on the expression of these genes in Escherichia coli mutants with different levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin in the presence and absence of these transcription factors. Methods: For this purpose, the online software called Promoter Analyzer in Virtual Footprint version 3 was used to find and select some transcription factors. The relative expression of genes was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Theoretical results showed that CspA, FhlA, and SoxS transcription factors (with a score of match higher than 6), could be selected for further analysis. The expression of gyrA and gyrB genes remained unchanged in the presence and absence of CspA and FhlA transcription factors following exposure to the low amount of ciprofloxacin. However, SoxS transcription activator might have indirect effects on the expression of these genes, as soxS gene was overexpressed following treatment with a higher amount of ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: It is concluded that overexpression of gyrA and gyrB genes is not dependent on CspA and FhlA transcription factors, but may be dependent indirectly on regulatory proteins involved in oxidative stress following exposure to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals HbxB Is a Key Regulator for Stress Response and β-Glucan Biogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Sung-Hun Son ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee ◽  
Ye-Eun Son ◽  
Hee-Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trehalose Biosynthesis

Homeobox transcription factors are conserved in eukaryotes and act as multi-functional transcription factors in filamentous fungi. Previously, it was demonstrated that HbxB governs fungal development and spore viability in Aspergillus nidulans. Here, the role of HbxB in A. nidulans was further characterized. RNA-sequencing revealed that HbxB affects the transcriptomic levels of genes associated with trehalose biosynthesis and response to thermal, oxidative, and radiation stresses in asexual spores called conidia. A phenotypic analysis found that hbxB deletion mutant conidia were more sensitive to ultraviolet stress. The loss of hbxB increased the mRNA expression of genes associated with β-glucan degradation and decreased the amount of β-glucan in conidia. In addition, hbxB deletion affected the expression of the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and the amount of sterigmatocystin. Overall, these results indicated that HbxB is a key transcription factor regulating trehalose biosynthesis, stress tolerance, β-glucan degradation, and sterigmatocystin production in A.nidulans conidia.

scholarly journals Expression Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes and Transcription Factors in Peanut Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Kubra ◽  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Faiza Munir ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Drought is one of the hostile environmental stresses that limit the yield production of crop plants by modulating their growth and development. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a wide range of adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates, but its yield is prone to loss due to drought. Other than beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients, peanut harbors various bioactive compounds including flavonoids that hold a prominent position as antioxidants in plants and protect them from oxidative stress. In this study, understanding of the biosynthesis of flavonoids in peanut under water deficit conditions was developed through expression analysis and correlational analysis and determining the accumulation pattern of phenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Six peanut varieties (BARD479, BARI2011, BARI2000, GOLDEN, PG1102, and PG1265) having variable responses against drought stress have been selected. Higher water retention and flavonoid accumulation have been observed in BARI2011 but downregulation has been observed in the expression of genes and transcription factors (TFs) which indicated the maintenance of normal homeostasis. ANOVA revealed that the expression of flavonoid genes and TFs is highly dependent upon the genotype of peanut in a spatiotemporal manner. Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. Correlational analysis between the expression of TFs related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the accumulation of phenolics, flavonols, and anthocyanins indicated coregulation of flavonoid synthesis by TFs under water deficit conditions in peanut. This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut.

scholarly journals AP1 Transcription Factors in Epidermal Differentiation and Skin Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Eckert ◽  
Gautam Adhikary ◽  
Christina A. Young ◽  
Ralph Jans ◽  
James F. Crish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Factor Function

AP1 (jun/fos) transcription factors (c-jun, junB, junD, c-fos, FosB, Fra-1, and Fra-2) are key regulators of epidermal keratinocyte survival and differentiation and important drivers of cancer development. Understanding the role of these factors in epidermis is complicated by the fact that each protein is expressed, at different levels, in multiple cells layers in differentiating epidermis, and because AP1 transcription factors regulate competing processes (i.e., proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation). Variousin vivogenetic approaches have been used to study these proteins including targeted and conditional knockdown, overexpression, and expression of dominant-negative inactivating AP1 transcription factors in epidermis. Taken together, these studies suggest that individual AP1 transcription factors have different functions in the epidermis and in cancer development and that altering AP1 transcription factor function in the basal versus suprabasal layers differentially influences the epidermal differentiation response and disease and cancer development.

scholarly journals Xenopus laevis FGF16 activates the expression of genes coding for the transcription factors Sp5 and Sp5l

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 631-639
Author(s):  
Michael Elsy ◽  
Abigail Rowbotham ◽  
Hannah Lord ◽  
Harry V. Isaacs ◽  
Mary E. Pownall
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Branchial Arches

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a family of signalling molecules with essential roles in early embryonic development across animal species. The role of FGFs in mesoderm formation and patterning in Xenopus has been particularly well studied. However, little is known about FGF16 in Xenopus. Using in situ hybridisation, we uncover the expression pattern of FGF16 during early Xenopus laevis development, which has not been previously described. We show that the zygotic expression of FGF16 is activated in the mesoderm of the early gastrula as a ring around the blastopore, with its first accumulation at the dorsal side of the embryo. Later, FGF16 expression is found in the otic vesicle, the branchial arches and the anterior pituitary, as well as in the chordal neural hinge region of the tailbud. In addition, we show that FGF16 can activate the MAPK pathway and expression of sp5 and sp5l. Like FGF16, sp5 is expressed in the otic vesicle and the branchial arches, with all three of these genes being expressed in the tailbud. These data provide evidence that FGF16 is present in the early mesoderm and can activate the expression of developmentally important transcription factors.

scholarly journals Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying graft success in grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Assunção ◽  
C. Santos ◽  
J. Brazão ◽  
J. E. Eiras-Dias ◽  
P. Fevereiro
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phenolic Metabolism ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Lower Expression

Abstract Background Grafting is an intensive commercial practice required to protect the European grapevine against the Phylloxera pest. Rootstocks resistant to this pest are hybrids of American vine species with different levels of compatibility with European Vitis vinifera varieties. Aiming to understand what drives grafting compatibility in grapevine, a transcriptomic approach was used to search for master regulators of graft success. Two scion/rootstock combinations, with different levels of compatibility, were compared in a nursery-grafting context at two stages, at 21 and 80 days after grafting. Results In the most compatible combination, an earlier and higher expression of genes signaling the metabolic and hormonal pathways as well as a reduced expression of genes of the phenolic metabolism and of the oxidative stress response was observed. At 80 days after grafting a higher expression of transcription factors regulating vascular maintenance, differentiation and proliferation was obtained in the most compatible combination. Moreover, lower expression levels of microRNAs potentially targeting important transcription factors related to plant development was observed in the more compatible combination when compared to the less compatible one. Conclusion In this context, a set of regulators was selected as potential expression markers for early prediction of a compatible grafting.

scholarly journals Insight Cross-talk between p53 and Toll-like Receptor

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jahoor Alam ◽  
Fevzi Bardakci ◽  
Sadia Anjum ◽  
Shumayla Rasheed Mir ◽  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Broad Understanding

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are one of the most-studied receptors for their role in innate immunity. TLRs are reported to binds with conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). TLRs and PAMPS interaction leads to several downstream proteins' activation, which further signaled to the various transcription factors. Moreover, these transcription factors play an important role in synthesizing proteins that control cellular immunity. Various TLR proteins have been reported in humans as well several other organisms. Studies show that apart from inducing innate immunity, TLRs have also played an important role in the induction of many proteins, and protein networks associated with initiation apoptosis and cancer prevention. P53 is one of the most important and widely studied proteins. Moreover, various experimental studies suggest that p53 has an important role as tumor suppressor. It is reported that more than 50% of cancerous growth are associated with the mutation of p53. It acts as transcription activator for several proteins that are mostly associated with glycolysis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, apoptosis and cancer. In the present review, we present an insight cross-talk between p53 and Toll-like receptor. In addition, the well-characterized role of p53 in the regulation of the immune system is studied, which would provide a new insight to the broad understanding of p53 role in human biology. Moreover, the association of the p53 and TLRs can lead to therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals The “Janus” Role of C/EBPs Family Members in Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manlio Tolomeo ◽  
Stefania Grimaudo
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumor Promoters ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Molecular Aspects

CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of transcription factors composed of six members that are critical for normal cellular differentiation in a variety of tissues. They promote the expression of genes through interaction with their promoters. Moreover, they have a key role in regulating cellular proliferation through interaction with cell cycle proteins. C/EBPs are considered to be tumor suppressor factors due to their ability to arrest cell growth (contributing to the terminal differentiation of several cell types) and for their role in cellular response to DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and genotoxic agents. However, C/EBPs can elicit completely opposite effects on cell proliferation and cancer development and they have been described as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. This “Janus” role of C/EBPs depends on different factors, such as the type of tumor, the isoform/s expressed in cells, the type of dimerization (homo- or heterodimerization), the presence of inhibitory elements, and the ability to inhibit the expression of other tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the implication of the C/EBPs family in cancer, focusing on the molecular aspects that make these transcription factors tumor promoters or tumor suppressors.

scholarly journals Tuning up Transcription Factors for Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Attila Becskei
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Range Interaction ◽  
Long Range Interaction ◽  
Recent Developments

The recent developments in the delivery and design of transcription factors put their therapeutic applications within reach, exemplified by cell replacement, cancer differentiation and T-cell based cancer therapies. The success of such applications depends on the efficacy and precision in the action of transcription factors. The biophysical and genetic characterization of the paradigmatic prokaryotic repressors, LacI and TetR and the designer transcription factors, transcription activator-like effector (TALE) and CRISPR-dCas9 revealed common principles behind their efficacy, which can aid the optimization of transcriptional activators and repressors. Further studies will be required to analyze the linkage between dissociation constants and enzymatic activity, the role of phase separation and squelching in activation and repression and the long-range interaction of transcription factors with epigenetic regulators in the context of the chromosomes. Understanding these mechanisms will help to tailor natural and synthetic transcription factors to the needs of specific applications.

Regulation of gene transcription by fatty acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 261-261
Author(s):  
A.M. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Different Levels

Dietary lipids have the capacity to regulate many aspects of metabolism in a manner depend on chain length and the number, and position, of double bonds in the fatty acids they contain. For example, while long chain saturated fatty acids increase plasma cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have the opposite effect. PUFA also have a major impact on the activity of enzymes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and lipid biosynthesis and oxidation. The role of fatty acids as substrates in these pathways, and their conversion to eicosanoids, with different levels of activity depending on the parent molecule, represents two mechanisms whereby they exert such effects. However, more recently it has been established that fatty acids and/or their derivatives also have direct effects on the expression of genes for proteins regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

The role of Forkhead Box O 3a (FoxO3a) Transcription Factors in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pneumologie ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Al-Tamari ◽  
M Eschenhagen ◽  
A Schmall ◽  
R Savai ◽  
HA Ghofrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Forkhead Box
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