scholarly journals Distribution of Virulence Genes in Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from Clinical Samples in the North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Eghbali ◽  
Majid Baserisalehi ◽  
Masood Ghane
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Moraxella catarrhalis is an opportunistic bacterium that has pathogenicity in the human respiratory tract. The rates of colonization and infection of this bacterium are high in the respiratory tract of children and the elderly. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from April 2016 to March 2018, 400 samples were collected from patients with pharyngitis (n = 92), sinusitis (n = 85), otitis media (n = 43), respiratory failure (n = 60), and healthy individuals as the control group (n = 120) in the Northern part of Iran. The isolates were identified by phenotyping methods. Finally, the virulence genes in the isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: Out of a total number of 400 samples, 32 samples (8%) were positive for M. catarrhalis. The frequency of this bacterium was found to be different in patients with pharyngitis as 5.44%, sinusitis as 8.24%, otitis media as 13.95%, respiratory failure as 15%, and in the control group as 4.16%. Since the P value from the Chi-square test was higher than 0.05, there was no relationship between the prevalence of M. catarrhalis and the type of the disease and control group. The PCR results showed that 100% of the isolates had mcaP, ompJ, and ompCD genes. However, the distribution of other virulence genes was varied. Conclusions: Overall, our findings verified the existence of M. catarrhalis in patients with respiratory diseases. Therefore, the rapid identification and successful treatment can play an important role in preventing their spread. In addition, the results verified the high prevalence of virulence genes in M. catarrhalis isolates from patients compared to controls. Regarding the results of this study and by comparing with similar studies, it can be concluded that the frequency of pathogenic isolates may be different even in regions that are not geographically different.

scholarly journals A Cation-Binding Surface Protein as a Vaccine Antigen To Prevent Moraxella catarrhalis Otitis Media and Infections in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Murphy ◽  
Aimee L. Brauer ◽  
Antoinette Johnson ◽  
Gregory E. Wilding ◽  
Mary Koszelak-Rosenblum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human respiratory tract pathogen that is a common cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A vaccine to prevent these infections would have a major impact on reducing the substantial global morbidity and mortality in these populations. Through a genome mining approach, we identified AfeA, an ∼32-kDa substrate binding protein of an ABC transport system, as an excellent candidate vaccine antigen. Recombinant AfeA was expressed and purified and binds ferric, ferrous, manganese, and zinc ions, as demonstrated by thermal shift assays. It is a highly conserved protein that is present in all strains of M. catarrhalis. Immunization with recombinant purified AfeA induces high-titer antibodies that recognize the native M. catarrhalis protein. AfeA expresses abundant epitopes on the bacterial surface and induces protective responses in the mouse pulmonary clearance model following aerosol challenge with M. catarrhalis. Finally, AfeA is expressed during human respiratory tract infection of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Based on these observations, AfeA is an excellent vaccine antigen to be included in a vaccine to prevent infections caused by M. catarrhalis.

ASSESSMENT OF CORRELATION BETWEEN LEUKODERMA AND PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mukesh Batra
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Background: Leukoderma is an acquired disease of pigmentation which is presented by depigmented areas of different shape and sizes on the skin. In various researches it was reported that these defects in melanocytes occurred due to autoimmune pathway or the complex causation of oxidative stress and genetics. Material & Methods: In the present cross‑sectional prospective study 100 patients who were diagnosed with Leukoderma and controls who were not having depigmentation of skin and without any known clinical disease were enrolled for present study by simple random sampling. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Clearance from institutional ethical committee was also taken prior to the study. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric illness among leukoderma group was 22% and among 78% patients we did not found any psychiatric illness. The most common symptom was depression which was present among 22% of patients with Leukoderma and 18% patients with Leukoderma had anxiety symptoms. Among the control group depression was present in 5 % subjects and anxiety symptoms were present in 7% of subjects. The mean WHO-Quality of life scores was low among Leukoderma group in relation to the control group (p value <0.05). On correlation with psychiatric illness, observations were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05) with HAMA-A and HAMA- D. The observations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) with GHQ total and BSA score. Conclusion:  Higher prevalence of psychitric morbidity among patients with leukoderma and it was found associated with duration of disease and BSA scores. The most common symptom was depression which was followed by anxiety symptoms. Key words: Leukoderma, psychiatric illness, anxiety, depression.

scholarly journals Identification of a Third Human Polyomavirus

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 4130-4136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Allander ◽  
Kalle Andreasson ◽  
Shawon Gupta ◽  
Annelie Bjerkner ◽  
Gordana Bogdanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ki Polyomavirus ◽  
Virus Screening

ABSTRACT We have previously reported on a system for large-scale molecular virus screening of clinical samples. As part of an effort to systematically search for unrecognized human pathogens, the technology was applied for virus screening of human respiratory tract samples. This resulted in the identification of a previously unknown polyomavirus provisionally named KI polyomavirus. The virus is phylogenetically related to other primate polyomaviruses in the early region of the genome but has very little homology (<30% amino acid identity) to known polyomaviruses in the late region. The virus was found by PCR in 6 (1%) of 637 nasopharyngeal aspirates and in 1 (0.5%) of 192 fecal samples but was not detected in sets of urine and blood samples. Since polyomaviruses have oncogenic potential and may produce severe disease in immunosuppressed individuals, continued searching for the virus in different medical contexts is important. This finding further illustrates how unbiased screening of respiratory tract samples can be used for the discovery of diverse virus types.

scholarly journals Comparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Fayyaz ◽  
Shazadi Ambreen ◽  
Hammad Raziq ◽  
Azmat Hayyat
Keyword(s):  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postural Tachycardia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Objectives: To compare the levels of cortisol in patients of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and Electrophysiology Department at (AFIC). This study included 80 subjects, comprising of 35 patients in each group of vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome and 10 healthy subjects. Patients with complaint of syncope was evaluated for vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome using Head Up Tilt Test (HUTT). Blood samples of all the participants were taken and serum cortisol was analyzed using ELISA method. Results were analyzed on SPSS Statistics 21 using ANOVA with a p-value of ≤0.05 regarded as significant. Results: Hormonal analysis shows that cortisol levels in the vasovagal, postural tachycardia syndrome and in control group was 153±16.7pg/ml, 160.17±pg/ml, and 69.65±5.8pg/ml respectively. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in both vasovagal and POTS groups as compared to controls with a p-value of 0.04 and 0.023 respectively. However, there was no significant difference between vasovagal and POTS patients with p value 0.570. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that cortisol responses of VVS and POTS were positive. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 How to cite this:Khan HF, Ambreen S, Raziq H, Hayat A. Comparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Recurrent Miscarriage and Consanguinity among Omani Women– A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Al Hoqani ◽  
Wadha Al Ghafri ◽  
Saneya El tayeb ◽  
Yahya Al Farsi ◽  
Vaidyanathan Gowri
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

Objective: to determine the prevalence of explained and unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to find out if there is a significant relationship between recurrent miscarriages and consanguinity. Methods: A cross sectional in which the cases group included all women with RM attending the outpatient clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from July 2006 to April 2012 and the controls group included women with no history of RM after matching them with cases for age (case to control ratio was 1:1). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of consanguinity in women with or without recurrent miscarriages. Results: During study period a total of 290 women with RM were seen. Of which, 150 (51.7%) women had unexplained RM. Control group with no history of RM were 300 women. Consanguinity rate among cases (49.5%) %) was less than the controls (52.7 %%). Both first cousin and second cousin marriages were more common in the controls than the cases and it was not statistically significant (p value 0.476, chi squared test). Conclusion: In this study we found that more than half of RM cases were unexplained and there was no significant association between RM and consanguinity.

scholarly journals The Relationship Of The Utilization Of Sanitation Clinic With The Prevention Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Disease In Majasem Public Health Center Working Area Cirebon City 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Dina Aulya Wahab ◽  
Mitha Erlisya Puspandhani ◽  
Shella Febiana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Public Health Office ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Utilization of clinical sanitation is where people use clinical sanitation room and follow activity in clinical saanitation. Efforts to prevent diseases of the upper respiratory tract, namely to prevent direct or indirect contact with patients with upper respiratory tract infections and using PPE, maintaining environmental cleanliness, maintaining personal hygiene with clean and healthy living behaviors in the household order. Depend on data of Public Health Office Cirebon at 2018, achievement program clinical sanitation just reach clinical sanitation is 30%, number of ISPA cases reach number 26.142 people. This research uses correlation descriptive, approach with cross sectional. Population is all of people in Puskesmas Working Area Cirebon as much 2.506 people. Sample technic which use is purposiv sampling technic as much 97 people. Instrumen which uses this research is questionare. Result of research shows 97 responden total responden which utilize clinical sanitation as much 88 responden or 90,7% more than which not utilize clinical sanitation as much 9,3%. P value which is got as bis as 0,00 and smller of value a = 0,05. This result shows that there is relation utilization of clinical sanitation which prevent ISPA disease in Puskesmas Working Area Majasem Cirebon.  Be expected that the agency more improve clinical sanitation program and educate the public related importance to maintain environmental health.

scholarly journals Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Chronic Sinusitis with Polyps

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. E13-E18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Daval ◽  
Hervé Picard ◽  
Emilie Bequignon ◽  
Philippe Bedbeder ◽  
André Coste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

The relationship between otitis media with effusion (OME) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 80 consecutively presenting patients—42 males and 38 females, aged 15 to 76 years (median: 48)—who were diagnosed with CRSwNP. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence of OME in CRSwNP patients, to determine whether the severity of CRSwNP affected OME, and to identify risk factors for OME in CRSwNP patients. The severity of CRSwNP was assessed on the basis of nasal symptoms, endoscopic nasal examinations, and Lund-Mackay staging scores. In addition to demographic data, we obtained information on each patient's history of otitis, otoscopic findings, and the results of pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. We then compared the data between CRSwNP patients with OME (n = 20) and those without (n = 60). In the OME group, a conductive hearing loss was present in 16 patients (80.0%); all patients in the control group had normal hearing. With regard to symptoms, only rhinorrhea appeared to be more common in patients with OME than in those without, although the difference was not statistically significant. We found no significant difference in nasal polyposis grades between the two groups. Also, we found no correlations between the risk of OME and previous surgical treatment, asthma, allergy, aspirin intolerance, aspirin and/or NSAID intolerance, aspirin and/or sulfite intolerance, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Based on our findings, we conclude that OME occurs frequently during the evolution of CRSwNP, even when the nasal disease is well controlled. This finding suggests the possible presence, in OME and/or CRSwNP, of a global inflammatory process that involves the epithelium in both the middle ear and upper airway.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing Practices and Errors among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Suffering from Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Sarwar ◽  
Anum Saqib ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Qurat-ul-ain Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Errors ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and objective: The noncompliance of treatment guidelines by healthcare professionals, along with physiological variations, makes the pediatric population more prone to antibiotic prescribing errors. The present study aims to evaluate the prescribing practices and errors of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics among pediatric patients suffering from acute respiratory tract infections who had different lengths of stay (LOS) in public hospitals. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in five tertiary-care public hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan, between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2017. The study population consisted of pediatric inpatients aged 0 to 9 years. Results: Among the 11,892 pediatric inpatients, 82.8% were suffering from lower acute respiratory tract infections and had long LOS (53.1%) in hospital. Penicillins (52.4%), cephalosporins (16.8%), and macrolides (8.9%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Overall, 40.8% of the cases had antibiotic prescribing errors related to wrong dose (19.9%), wrong frequency (18.9%), and duplicate therapy (18.1%). Most of these errors were found in the records of patients who had long LOS in hospital (53.1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of prescribing errors were lower in female patients (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9, p-value = 0.012). Patients who were prescribed with ≥3 antibiotics per prescription (OR = 1.724, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, p-value = 0.020), had long LOS (OR = 12.5, 95% CI = 10.1–17.6, p-value < 0.001), and were suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.7–3.9, p-value < 0.001) were more likely to experience prescribing errors. Conclusion: Antibiotics were commonly prescribed to patients who had long LOS. Prescribing errors (wrong dose, wrong frequency, and duplicate therapy) were commonly found in cases of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), especially among those who had prolonged stay in hospital.

scholarly journals Genome Analysis of Moraxella catarrhalis Strain RH4, a Human Respiratory Tract Pathogen

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (24) ◽  
pp. 7021-7021
Author(s):  
S. P. W. de Vries ◽  
S. A. F. T. van Hijum ◽  
W. Schueler ◽  
K. Riesbeck ◽  
J. P. Hays ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tract Pathogen

Serum Creatine Kinase Muscle-Brain Fraction (CK-MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as Markers of Perinatal Asphyxia in Term Neonates

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Piush Kanodia ◽  
Sudesh Shrestha ◽  
Santosh Gautam ◽  
Sachin Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Neonates

Background: The enzymes CK-MB & LDH are used as potential predictors of timing and grade of HIE in newborns with perinatal asphyxia. Objectives: To differentiate HIE neonates from non-HIE ones on the basis of significant rise of LDH & CK-MB. Methodology: Prospective cross-sectional analytical study. Among 164 newborns, 82 comprising the cases and 82 neonates comprising the controls met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The umbilical cord blood samples for CK-MB and LDH was drawn and sent for analysis. A serum CK-MB value >92.6 U/L and LDH value >580 U/L was taken as the cut-off level. Descriptive statistical analyses were done to find the significance between two groups. ROC Curve analysis was performed to find the diagnostic performance of CK-MB and LDH. Results: Out of total 164 neonates studied, 18.3% had moderate HIE & 11%had severe HIE while 56.1%had No HIE. Seventy-two newborns were found to have LDH levels >580 U/L out of which 71 were in case group and 1 was in control group. Among the 164 neonates studied, 7.9% from case group were found to have CK-MB levels >92.6 U/L. Both the results of LDH & CK-MB levels were very significant with P value <0.001. Area under ROC (Receiving operating Characteristic) value of LDH when compared to CK-MB is (0.978 vs. 0.731). Conclusion: Estimation of CK-MB and LDH enzymes can help to distinguish asphyxiated from non-asphyxiated term neonates when correlating with their history and clinical features.

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