scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term Use of Methylphenidate on Visual Memory of Drug-Naïve Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roheila Seyedtabaei ◽  
Reza Seyedtabaei ◽  
Seyed Davood Mohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Tehranidust
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Drug Naïve

Hyperkinetic or Attention Deficit Disorder

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seija Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Face ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Childhood Condition

BackgroundIn the face of rapidly expanding empirical knowledge about this common childhood condition, there is a need for an up-to-date synthesis, especially for the use of practising clinicians.MethodThe main epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies over the past decade are selectively reviewed.ResultsHyperkinetic/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is common, with young school-age males most frequently affected. The prevalence figures vary depending on the criteria used. Overlap with conduct disorder is high. The causes are likely to stem from a combination of biological, often genetically determined neurochemical disturbances, and environmental disadvantages, with the biological risk tending to be highest in severely hyperactive girls. Good clinical management combines pharmacological, psychological and educational approaches in a sustained manner. Even then, the outcome is often equivocal and the long-term psychosocial adaptation unpredictable.ConclusionsClinically significant hyperactivity is rooted in biological, often genetically transmitted vulnerabilities, upon which environmental disadvantages transact. It may be viewed as a disorder of self-regulation with its roots partly in strained early caregiver–child interactions and disrupted primary attachments.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Teachers Perceptions, Misconceptions, and Teaching of Students with Dyslexia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. p442
Author(s):  
Louis S. Nadelson ◽  
April Beavers ◽  
Brittany Eppes ◽  
Aubree Rogers ◽  
Kanechia Sergeant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Know How

Teachers commonly work with students with dyslexia. They may not have been aware that the reason a student struggled with many academic tasks, was due to challenges with mental processing associated with the dyslexia. Dyslexia tends to be difficult to recognize. However, the commonly associated behaviors such as acting out, withdrawing, or simply trying and failing are readily noticeable. Because of the hidden nature of dyslexia, many teachers may attribute students’ lack of academic success to other easily explainable issues, such as attention deficit disorder or issues with family function. Students’ academic and potentially life-long success, could be influenced by the lack of teacher awareness or ability to recognize the executive functioning issues of students with dyslexia. Thus, there is a need for teachers at all levels to understand what dyslexia is, hold accurate conceptions of dyslexia, and know how to effectively support the learning of students with dyslexia. Given the critical role teachers play in working with students with dyslexia and the potential teachers have to support or hinder students long term success, there is warrant for examining the perceptions, attitudes, misconceptions, and practice of teachers working with students with dyslexia.

Pemoline Pharmacokinetics and Long Term Therapy in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Collier ◽  
S. J. Soldin ◽  
J. M. Swanson ◽  
S. M. MacLeod ◽  
F. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Long Term Therapy

scholarly journals Mild adrenal insufficiency due to a NROB1 (DAX1) gene mutation in a boy presenting an association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, reduced final height and attention deficit disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo P. Calliari ◽  
Mylene N. Rocha ◽  
Osmar Monte ◽  
Carlos Alberto Longui
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Term Evolution

Mutation on NROB1 (DAX1) gene can cause different phenotypes of adrenal insufficiency in infancy. Long-term evolution of these patients shows that it is possible to have an association with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In this article we describe the evolution of a patient with NROB1 gene mutation, diagnosed with a mild form of adrenal insufficiency, and we highlight the presence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and short stature, besides the presence of attention deficit disorder. Such associations should make physicians aware during the follow-up of patients with this disease.

scholarly journals A new Petri Net Model of Working Memory to Predict the Root Causes of Attention Deficit Disorder Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnaz Baghdadi ◽  
Ali Doustmohammadi ◽  
Ainaz Jamshidi ◽  
Farzad Towhidkhah
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Flow Of Information

AbstractWorking memory is a system that helps us to store, retrieve, and manipulate information for a short period. The improper function of working memory is highly reported in people with attention deficit disorder. Attention deficit disorder is one of the most common disruptive behavioral disorders in children. Finding the actual reasons that may lead to inattentive symptoms is still an enigma for scientists. In this study, a model was proposed to show the flow of information through sensory, long-term, and working memory based on the Petri net approach. A new “selective updating” mechanism is also suggested. It is speculated that the central executive part of working memory uses this mechanism for updating the less important content with new incoming essential inputs. The analysis of the proposed model shows how an abnormality in the time setting or unexpected delays in information transmission may lead to some symptoms of inattention. These predictions about the possible causes of inattentive symptoms would be valuable for psychologists to find new possible treatments. This study also illustrates the great potential of Petri net approach for modeling and analysis of biological systems.

Self-Esteem in Children Medically Managed for Attention Deficit Disorder

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Kelly ◽  
Melvin L. Cohen ◽  
William O. Walker ◽  
Owen L. Caskey ◽  
A. W. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Multimodal Management

Self-esteem was measured initially in a group of 21 eight- to 12-year-old children with newly diagnosed attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity and remeasured after 1-month courses of treatment with methylphenidate and placebo given in double-blind cross-over fashion. Multimodal management of all patients included diagnosis, demystification, medication, close follow-up with supportive counseling, and referral as indicated for psychosocial and educational assistance. Long-term follow-up of 12 children who continued to receive methylphenidate was done for an average of 16 months. Initial total self-esteem was low in 30% of all subjects, intermediate in 55%, and high in 15%. No statistically significant changes occurred in self-esteem during the short-term phase of the study despite clinically significant behavioral responses to medication as assessed by serial questionnaires. At long-term follow-up, total, general, and academic self-esteem scores were improved significantly, however. These findings indicate that many preadolescents with attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity exhibit low self-esteem. Despite clinical response to medication, short-term improvement in self-esteem may not occur; however, long-term, multimodal management that includes medication does appear to improve self-esteem.

Stimulant Medications in Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Firm Conclusion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
Persistent Disability

The long-term prospective studies done in the last two decades on children suffering from attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H) give evidence of persistent disability in a majority of them when they reach adulthood. The literature on the use of stimulant medication in adults suffering from attention deficit disorder, residual type (ADD-R), is critically reviewed. After optimistic case reports two controlled double-blind studies have recently showed contradictory results. Some adults appear clearly to be helped by stimulant medication, but more investigations, especially with children diagnosed in childhood and followed-up, are needed before any firm conclusion can be made about the usefulness or non-usefulness of stimulants in ADD-R. There, as it is the case in childhood, medication might be insufficient by itself and might have to be associated with other forms of treatment.

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