scholarly journals Mild Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a 3-Days-Old Newborn with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Etemadimanesh ◽  
Ali Ghasemi ◽  
Mahmoud Khodabandeh ◽  
Hamid Eshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Atresia ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidity ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Excessive Oxygen ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: SARS-CoV-2 as a member of Coronavirus family, caused a global pandemic in late 2019 and raised concerns about its morbidity and mortality among immune-deficient individuals. Till now, several pediatric cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and some have noted susceptibility to infection in infants and young children, especially those with congenital comorbidities. In this report, we discuss the clinical course, administered treatments, and outcomes of SARS-COV-2 infection in an infant suffering from cardiovascular comorbidity. Case Presentation: We describe a newborn referred to hospital 72 hours postpartum, diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD), and subsequently found to be infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus. The patient presented with tachypnea, lethargy, and a history of recent fever and myalgia in his father. He received intravenous fluid and antibiotic therapy based on an established protocol for COVID-19 treatment by Iran health ministry and was discharged after five days of hospitalization without further complications. Two weeks after discharge, he was referred to the cardiac surgery department for surgical treatment after obtaining a negative result for nasopharyngeal sample SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Conclusions: Mild symptoms and no need for excessive oxygen supports in the current case demonstrate pediatrics patients with COVID-19 have a better prognosis and fewer complications compared with adults, even at early childhood and with the presence of serious cardiac complications.

scholarly journals Human Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and Response to Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Benlier ◽  
Nevhiz Gundogdu ◽  
Mehtap Ozkur
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Clinicians and researchers observing the natural history of endemic and epidemic infections have always been fascinated by the vagaries of these diseases, in terms of both the changing nature of the disease severity and phenotype over time and the variable susceptibility of hosts within exposed populations. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 and is believed to originate from bats, quickly transformed into a global pandemic. The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing great threats to the global health in many aspects. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Comprehensive understanding of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with hosts is fundamentally important in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Advanced age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes and obesity have been identified as risk factors for more severe COVID-19. However, which and to what extent specific genetic factors may account for the predisposition of individuals to develop severe disease or to contract the infection remains elusive. The increasing availability of data from COVID-19 patient populations is allowing for potential associations to be established between specific gene loci and disease severity, susceptibility to infection, and response to current/future drugs.

Screening for haemorrhagic disorders in paediatric patients by means of a questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S87-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Music ◽  
M. Novak ◽  
B. Acham-Roschitz ◽  
W. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

scholarly journals Physiological Biomarkers Assessed by Low-Tech Exercise Tests Predict Complications and Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Pneumonectomy Due to Lung Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Tomasz Marjanski ◽  
Damian Wnuk ◽  
Robert Dziedzic ◽  
Marcin Ostrowski ◽  
Wioletta Sawicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
First Year ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Surgery Department

Due to its debilitating character pneumonectomy this is last-resort procedure. Preoperative results of the 6-min walking test (6MWT) help to identify high risk of postoperative complications and increased mortality in patients undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer. The aim of the study was to validate the value of 500 m in 6MWT as an indicator, which differentiates risk of complications in patients undergoing pneumonectomy. 125 patients who underwent pneumonectomy at Thoracic Surgery Department between 2009 and 2018. On the day preceding the surgery, patients underwent 6MWT. The patients were in median age of 63 years. The cut-off value of 500 m identified patients with increased 90-day mortality [17.9% vs. 3.5%, odds ratio (OR) 6.271, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.528–25.739], first-year mortality (30.7% vs. 11.6%, OR 3.378, 95% CI 1.310–8.709), and overall survival (p = 0.02). Patients who covered a distance ≤ 500 m had an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (35.9% vs. 16.3%, OR 2.880, 95% CI 1.207–6.870) and cardiac complications (38.4% vs. 19.8%, OR 2.537, 95% CI 1.100–5.849). Patients unable to reach 500 m in 6MWT are in a high risk of postoperative death after pneumonectomy, what may be a result of increased frequency of postoperative cardiac complications. Poor result of 6MWT is a predictor of worse overall survival.

Amidst pandemic and racial upheaval: Where Asian Americans Fit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Whitney Hua ◽  
Jane Junn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
Racial History ◽  
History Of

Abstract As racial tensions flare amidst a global pandemic and national social justice upheaval, the centrality of structural racism has renewed old questions and raised new ones about where Asian Americans fit in U.S. politics. This paper provides an overview of the unique racial history of Asians in the United States and analyzes the implications of dynamic racialization and status for Asian Americans. In particular, we examine the dynamism of Asian Americans' racial positionality relative to historical shifts in economic-based conceptions of their desirability as workers in American capitalism. Taking history, power, and institutions of white supremacy into account, we analyze where Asian Americans fit in contemporary U.S. politics, presenting a better understanding of the persistent structures underlying racial inequality and developing a foundation from which Asian Americans can work to enhance equality.

Fear, history, stigma, and bias in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Kevin Kupietz, PhD ◽  
Lesley Gray, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The greatest enemy of a global pandemic is not the virus itself, but the fear, rumor, and stigma that envelopes people. This article explores the context and history of fear and stigma relating to pandemic, summarizing key actions to mitigate the harms during an active pandemic.Method: Our article draws from accounts in literature and journalist accounts documenting the relationship between infectious diseases and major disease outbreaks that have garnered fear and stigmatization. Results: Fear, stigma, and discrimination are not new concepts for pandemics. These social effects run the risk of diverting attention from the presenting disease and government responses. Reactions to fear, stigma, and discrimination risk sabotaging effective efforts to contain, manage, and eradicate the disease.Conclusion: Emergency managers have an important role in dispelling myths, disseminating appropriate and evidence-based information without exacerbating fears. Knowledge about the roots of fear and bias along with a good understanding of historical plagues and pandemics is vital to ensure those in the field of emergency management can effectively manage irrational fears.

Biomedical Perspectives of Acute and Chronic Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Stefano ◽  
Pascal Büttiker ◽  
Simon Weissenberger ◽  
Radek Ptacek ◽  
Fuzhou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Poor Mental Health Status ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

: The incidence of infections from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has dramatically escalated following the initial outbreak in China in late 2019, resulting in a global pandemic with millions of deaths. Although the majority of infected patients survive, and the rapid advent and deployment of vaccines have afforded increased immunity against SARS-CoV-2, long term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become increasingly recognized. These include, but are not limited to, chronic pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disorders, and proinflammatory-associated neurological dysfunction that may lead to psychological and neurocognitive impairment. A major component of cognitive dysfunction is operationally categorized as “brain fog” which comprises difficulty with concentration, forgetfulness, confusion, depression, and fatigue. Multiple parameters associated with long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been detailed in clinical studies. Empirically elucidated mechanisms associated with the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are by nature complex, but broad based working models have focused on mitochondrial dysregulation leading to systemic reductions of metabolic activity and cellular bioenergetics within CNS structures. Multiple factors underlying the expression of brain fog may facilitate future pathogenic insults leading to repetitive cycles of viral and bacterial propagation. Interestingly, diverse neurocognitive sequelae associated with COVID-19 are not dissimilar from those observed in other historical pandemics, thereby providing a broad and integrative perspective on potential common mechanisms of CNS dysfunction subsequent to viral infection. Poor mental health status may be reciprocally linked to compromised immune processes and enhanced susceptibility to infection by diverse pathogens. By extrapolation, we contend that COVID-19 may potentiate the severity of neurological/neurocognitive deficits in patients afflicted by well-studied neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. Accordingly, the prevention, diagnosis, and management of sustained neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are pivotal health care directives and provide a compelling rationale for careful monitoring of infected patients, as early mitigation efforts may reduce short- and long-term complications.

Foreign Body Aspiration: Potential Cause of Coughing and Wheezing

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
H. James Holroyd
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System ◽  
Infants And Young Children

As many as half of routine ill-patient visits in pediatrics practice involve respiratory symptoms. It is not surprising that we see so much coughing and wheezing when we consider that children are still developing immunologically and are, therefore, more susceptible to infection. In early life, most of these infectious diseases occur in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, the gradual exposure of the constitutionally allergic child to environmental allergens pre-disposes to the development of respiratory symptoms. Childhood is also a time for congenital defects of the cardiopulmonary system to become apparent. A sometimes overlooked cause of respiratory symptoms in infants and young children—and one that can become rapidly and severely complicated if misdiagnosed—is the aspiration of foreign bodies. Aspiration or ingestion of foreign bodies remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Children between 8 months and 4 years of age are at highest risk. Not all cases of aspiration are of the acute, obstructive variety, and pediatricians should consider a foreign body as a possible cause of coughing and wheezing even when no definite history of aspiration is obtained. Children of course are curious and their natural tendency is to reach out and explore new objects. Bringing objects to their mouths to taste and to test textures is common.

EMBRYOMA OF KIDNEY (WILMS' TUMOR) IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
LLOYD B. DICKEY ◽  
L. R. CHANDLER
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Postoperative Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Careful Physical Examination

A series of 12 cases of Wilms' tumor, in which the diagnosis was confirmed in all instances by examination of the gross or microscopic tissue, is reported, with a survival rate of 33.3%. Four patients are living and well, 4, 8, 10, and 15 years, respectively, after treatment. All recurrences appeared less than 10 months after treatment. The sex incidence, and the sex survival incidence were exactly equal. Six tumors were in the left kidney, and six in the right. Eight of the patients were under 2 years of age when first diagnosed and treated, and all were under 7 years. The history of breast or bottle feeding was irrelevant. In a large number of these and reported cases, the presence of the tumor was the first symptom, and in a considerable number the only symptom. This fact stresses the importance of careful physical examination of infants and young children, regardless of complaint, or of lack of it. The finding of calcification in the tumor is possibly a good prognostic sign. All three patients in whom calcification was noted in the tumor are living and well. Immediate removal of the tumor by transperitoneal nephrectomy, with postoperative radiation to the area, seems to be the advisable treatment.

scholarly journals Human Babesiosis in Europe

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Anke Hildebrandt ◽  
Annetta Zintl ◽  
Estrella Montero ◽  
Klaus-Peter Hunfeld ◽  
Jeremy Gray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Human Babesiosis

Babesiosis is attracting increasing attention as a worldwide emerging zoonosis. The first case of human babesiosis in Europe was described in the late 1950s and since then more than 60 cases have been reported in Europe. While the disease is relatively rare in Europe, it is significant because the majority of cases present as life-threatening fulminant infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Although appearing clinically similar to human babesiosis elsewhere, particularly in the USA, most European forms of the disease are distinct entities, especially concerning epidemiology, human susceptibility to infection and clinical management. This paper describes the history of the disease and reviews all published cases that have occurred in Europe with regard to the identity and genetic characteristics of the etiological agents, pathogenesis, aspects of epidemiology including the eco-epidemiology of the vectors, the clinical courses of infection, diagnostic tools and clinical management and treatment.

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