scholarly journals Detection of OqxAB and QepA Efflux Pumps and Their Association with Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manijeh Dehnamaki ◽  
Maryam Ghane ◽  
Laleh Babaeekhou
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Background: The emergence and spread of drug resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates have limited the treatment options for these bacteria. Efflux pumps are considered as one of the key mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates. Objectives: The present study aimed to detect oqxA, oqxB, and qepA efflux genes in K. pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) and survey their association with antibiotic resistance. Methods: In total, 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from urine samples, and an antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection of efflux pump genes including, oqxA, oqxB, and qepA, and their association was statistically analyzed with resistance to antibiotics. Results: The highest rate of resistance was obtained against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (72%), amikacin (70%), levofloxacin (68%), gentamicin (56%), ceftazidime (56%), and ceftriaxone (51%), and the lowest resistance was against imipenem (10%). Thirty one percent of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Molecular distribution test showed that 57% and 56% of isolates carried the oqxA and oqxB genes, respectively. Also, the frequency of qepA genes was 21%. The presence of oqxA/oqxB and qepA efflux genes were significantly associated with fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam resistance phenotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The high frequency of efflux genes showed that this resistance mechanism is the main way, along with other resistance mechanisms in K. pneumoniae isolates. It is necessary to adopt appropriate treatment to reduce the incidence of resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, West of Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Nasrin Bahmani ◽  
Noshin Abdolmaleki ◽  
Afshin Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases which is caused by Gram-negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli. Multiple resistance to antimicrobial agents are increasing quickly in E. coli isolates and may complicate therapeutic strategies for UTI. The propose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotypes in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Materials and Methods: A total of 153 UPEC isolates were collected from both hospitalized patients (95 isolates) and outpatients (58 isolates) from March to October 2018. In order to determine the MDR among UPEC isolates, we have tested 15 antimicrobial agents on Muller Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method. Results: The percentage of MDR isolates (resistant to at least three drug classes such as fluoroquinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins) was 55.5% in the hospitalized patients and the outpatients. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was higher than 60%. Meropenem, Imipenem and norfloxacin indicated markedly greater activity (93.3%, 80% and 85.6%, respectively) than other antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection due to MDR E. coli may be difficult to treat empirically due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, so, empirical antibiotic treatment should be reviewed periodically at local studies.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Effect of Antibiotic and Multivitamin in the Formation of Biofilm in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Causing Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
K P Sajna ◽  
P Paulraj ◽  
V Balasupramaniam ◽  
P Sajeesh ◽  
M Chandramohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Significant Difference

Urinary catheters make humans vulnerable to Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) by damaging the natural barrier of the body. Bacteria which are commonly related to this infection are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  In this study   Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from the hospital.  Levofloxacin is a newly developed fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is commonly used in clinical practice. The antibacterial effect of levofloxacin was studied using disk diffusion method. In this method the diameter of zone of inhibition in the presence of multivitamin was smaller than without multivitamin. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference in antibiotic sensitivity with and without multivitamin (p<0.05). In the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), It was observed that in the absence of multivitamin Klebsiella pneumoniae growth stopped at the concentration of 200 µg/ml and in the presence of multivitamin the growth stopped at the concentration of 400 µg/ml. The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa stopped at the concentration of 400 µg/ml in the absence of multivitamin and in the presence the growth was stopped at the concentration of 800 µg/ml. Similar effect was studied in biofilm form as well by measuring the absorbance at 600nm. Using the absorbance values the biofilm growth curve was carried out and in the presence of multivitamin, both bacteria in single and consortia form stayed in stationary phase longer than without multivitamin. These findings demonstrate that a higher concentration of antibiotic is required to inhibit the growth of bacteria when supplemented with multivitamins and in turn increases the development of antibiotic resistance under biofilm condition.  

Detection of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surovi Era Suchi ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Bhuiyan Mohammad Mahtab Uddin ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: The genus Enterococcus is of increasing significance as a cause of nosocomial infections and this trend is exacerbated by the development of antibiotic resistance.Objective: The aims of this study was to find out the susceptibility pattern and the prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Bangladesh.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2015 to December 2015 for a period of one (01) years. All the admitted patients in the Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka and Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka who were  presented with clinical features of urinary tract infection at any age with both sexes were included as study population. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was determined using the disk diffusion method; vancomycin susceptibility pattern was detected by MIC method. PCR was performed for the detection of genus-species, vanA, vanB gene and potential virulence genes.Result: Out of 84 Enterococci, majority (71.42%) of the isolates were E. faecalis followed by 23.81% were E. faecium. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, 100% isolated Enterococci were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin. Most of the Enterococci were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone (92.86%) followed by 88.10% to gentamicin and 85.71% to azithromycin and rifampicin. No VRE was identified and the range of MIC for vancomycin was 1-4 µg/ml. None of the Enterococci was positive for vanA and vanB genes. Out of total E. faecalis and E. faecium, 87.50% were positive for ebp and 77.5%, 72.5%, 55.0%, 45.0%, 40.0% and 10.0% of isolates were positive for gelE, esp, ace, cyl, asa and hyl respectively.Conclusion: Almost all the virulence genes were more prevalent in E. faecalis isolates.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017;4(2):30-34

scholarly journals Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance Mediated by Plasmids and Integrons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Taher Lina ◽  
Sabita Rezwana Rahman ◽  
Donald James Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
High Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI) is a growing public health problem in the world. In this study, a total of 182 uropathogens were isolated from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Escherichia coli (88%) was the most prevalent isolate, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was recovered from 12% cases. The male/female ratio was 1:3. About 56% female and 51% male patients belonged to the age group >40 years. The antibiotic resistance rates of the isolates to fifteen different drugs were investigated. E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed variable pattern of susceptibility. The percentage of resistance to different drugs was higher in E. coli isolates compared to that of K. pneumoniae. Among the total number of isolates about 87% were resistant to at least three commonly used antibiotics. All the isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Analysis of the plasmid DNA had shown that the plasmid pattern was very diverse in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. All the isolates contained multiple numbers of plasmid ranging from 1.0 to >140 MDa. Middleranged plasmids (30 to 80 MDa), the transferable resistance plasmids, were found to be present in 86% E. coli and 85% K. pneumoniae isolates. The strong association observed between plasmid profiles and drug resistance patterns suggest that plasmids other than the common plasmids may have epidemiological significance. The presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons were also investigated. A relatively high occurrence of class 1 integrons, that are associated with lateral transfer of antibacterial resistance genes, was observed in K. pneumoniae (88%) than in E. coli isolates (54%). Class 2 integrons were not found in any of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. These results show the high rate of drug resistance and the presence of high rate of transferable elements in these MDR isolates. Keywords: Uropathogens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, Plasmid profiles, IntegronsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1231 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 19-23

scholarly journals The Dissemination of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) among Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Babylon Province, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0986
Author(s):  
Al-Hasnawy Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. Rapid detection in clinical laboratories is essential for the judicious recognition of antimicrobial resistant organisms. So, the growth of Uropathgenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) profiles that thwart therapy for (UTIs) has been detected and has straight squeezed costs and extended hospital stays. This study aims to detect MDR- and XDR-UPEC isolates. Out of 42 UPEC clinical isolates were composed from UTI patients. The bacterial strains were recognized by standard laboratory protocols. Susceptibility to antibiotic was measured by the standard disk diffusion method Out of 42 Uropathogenic E. coli, 37 (88.09%) were found to be MDR while 5 isolates (11.90%) were XDR. The present study concluded high prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolated from urinary tract infection in Babylon province – Iraq.

scholarly journals Occurrence of urinary tract infection among children attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gautam ◽  
S Regmi ◽  
NT Magar ◽  
B Subedi ◽  
T Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tract Infections

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients. Most commonly, members of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly uropathogenic strains of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. are the primary causative pathogens of UTI in the different part of the world. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogens recovered from urinary tract infections is an increasing problem in the specific region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prevalence and anti microbial susceptibility pattern of the bacterial uropathogens isolated from the children attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Reserch Center (GMC) Nepal. A total of 155 children aged upto 15 years were included in this study. Urine cultures were carried out and the isolates were identified by Gram staining and conventional biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS: In the present study 21.3 % of the sample size, showed significant bacterial growth. E. coli was the most frequently occurring pathogen (39.40%), followed by Proteus spp. 21.2%, Citrobacter spp. and Streptococcus faecalis (12.1%) Klebsiella spp. (9.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter (3.0%). Susceptibility rate of E. coli were 69.2% to Gentamycin and Amikacin, 53.8% to Norfloxacin, 38.4% to Nalidixic acid and Norfloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric urine culture isolates were becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Finally, we suggest that empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organisms and antibiotic sensitivities rather than on universal guidelines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665   Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):82-86

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM CHILDREN WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
YOGESH OLI ◽  
GANESH BHANDARI ◽  
UPASHANA BHANDARI ◽  
SUNITA BISTA ◽  
AMRIT KUMAR BHATTARAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli

Objective: This work aimed to detect the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from children, as it is the most predominant pathogen of urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: About 530 urine samples were collected and tested using the modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method to find the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria. Results: Out of a total of 530 samples, 114 (21.50%) showed significant growth. A total of 8 different types of bacteria were isolated from the growth of positive samples. Among the isolates, E. coli 66 (57.8%) was found to be the most predominant organism followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 18(15.8%), Proteus spp. 10 (8.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (7.0%), Acinetobacter spp. 4 (3.5%), CoNS 4 (3.5%), Enterobacter spp. 2 (1.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (1.8%). In the present study, out of 66 E. coli, 37 (56.1%) were multidrug-resistant strain. E. coli showed 94.0% resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime 86.5% and cefotaxime 70.3%. Imipenem (91.9%) followed by amikacin (89.2%) seems to be the effective drug against UTI causing E. coli in children. Conclusion: Multidrug resistance may possess difficulties with the choice of therapeutic options for the treatment of severe infections.

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