scholarly journals Possible Nutrition-Related Mechanisms of Metabolic Management in Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleh Khodabakhshi ◽  
Maryam Mahmoudi ◽  
Hassan Mehrad Majd ◽  
Sayed Hossein Davoodi
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Gene Theory ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Metabolic Management

Context: Somatic mutation theory has been considered as a potential cause for cancer. However, major inconsistencies with the gene theory have necessitated serious reconsideration of this assumption. According to these inconsistencies, cancer may be considered as a metabolic disorder. According to the mitochondrial metabolic theory, substrate-level phosphorylation has been suggested to be superior to oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells. Cancer metabolic therapies such as ketogenic diets (KD) and limitation in glutamine and calorie can be beneficial and are in line with this theory. In this study, we have reviewed the potential effects of KD as well as glutamine and calorie restriction in various types/stages of cancer with a focus on possible mechanisms. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive electronic search of different databases was performed using “cancer”, “ketogenic diet”, and “metabolic” as the main keywords. A comprehensive electronic search of different databases was performed using “cancer”, “ketogenic diet”, and “metabolic” as the main keywords. Results: Emerging evidence has indicated that KD can affect tumor cells by reducing glucose availability and simultaneous elevation of ketone bodies as non-fermentable metabolic fuels. KD has been suggested to be more effective as a non-toxic therapeutic measure in combination with glutamine targeting agents, chloroquine for lysosomal targeting, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and calorie restriction. Conclusions: This metabolic approach can be considered as a promising non-toxic strategy for cancer management.

scholarly journals The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Maalouf ◽  
Jong M. Rho ◽  
Mark P. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Ketone Bodies

Ketogenic Diet in a Hippocampal Slice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Hippocampal Slice ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

The hippocampus is thought to be a good experimental model for investigating epileptogenesis in and/or antiepileptic therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy. The hippocampus is also a useful target for researching the ketogenic diet. This chapter focuses on electrophysiological recordings using hippocampal slices and introduces their use for studying the anticonvulsant effects underlying ketogenic diets. The major difficulty in using hippocampal slices is the inability to precisely reproduce the in vivo condition of ketogenic diet feeding in this in vitro preparation. Three different approaches are reported to reproduce diet effects in the hippocampal slices: (1) direct application of ketone bodies, (2) mimicking the ketogenic diet condition with whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and (3) hippocampal slices from ketogenic diet–fed animals. Significant results have been found with each of these methods. These three approaches are useful tools to elucidate the underlying anticonvulsant mechanisms of the ketogenic diet.

scholarly journals A Calorie-Restricted Ketogenic Diet Reduces Cerebral Cortex Vascularization in Prepubertal Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Viggiano ◽  
Meccariello ◽  
Santoro ◽  
Secondulfo ◽  
Operto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Prepubertal Rats

The antiepileptic effect of ketogenic diets is acknowledged but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. The present work aimed to evaluate possible effects of a calorie-restricted ketogenic diet (CRKD) on brain growth and angiogenesis in normal prepubertal rats. Two groups of prepubertal rats were fed with a standard diet (group 1) or a CRKD (group 2) for ten weeks. Then, rats were sacrificed and the thickness for the following structures was evaluated by histology: (1) cerebral cortex, (2) deep cerebral white matter, and (3) substantia nigra. The capillary density was also evaluated within: (1) cerebral cortex, (2) dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, (3) periaqueductal grey matter, and (4) substantia nigra. The results showed a smaller thickness of all the areas examined and a reduced capillary density within the cerebral cortex in the CRKD-treated group compared to the control group. These findings suggest an association between reduced angiogenesis within the cerebral cortex and the antiepileptic effects of CRKD.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Neuroblastoma Tumor Growth by Ketogenic Diet and/or Calorie Restriction in a CD1-Nu Mouse Model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0129802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Johannes Morscher ◽  
Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari ◽  
René Gunther Feichtinger ◽  
Johannes Adalbert Mayr ◽  
Roland Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Neuroblastoma Tumor

scholarly journals Exogenous Ketone Bodies as Promising Neuroprotective Agents for Developmental Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Wood ◽  
Brianna J. Stubbs ◽  
Sandra E. Juul
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Fetus And Neonate ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

Ketone bodies are a promising area of neuroprotection research that may be ideally suited to the injured newborn. During normal development, the human infant is in significant ketosis for at least the first week of life. Ketone uptake and metabolism is upregulated in the both the fetus and neonate, with ketone bodies providing at least 10% of cerebral metabolic energy requirements, as well as being the preferred precursors for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. At the same time, ketone bodies have been shown to have multiple neuroprotective effects, including being anticonvulsant, decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, and epigenetically upregulating the production of neurotrophic factors. While ketogenic diets and exogenous ketosis are largely being investigated in the setting of adult brain injury, the adaptation of the neonate to ketosis suggests that developmental brain injury may be the area most suited to the use of ketones for neuroprotection. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which ketone bodies exert their neuroprotective effects, and how these may translate to benefits within each of the phases of neonatal asphyxial brain injury.

scholarly journals Comparing the Keyto App and Device with Weight Watchers’ WW App for Weight Loss: Protocol for a Randomized Trial

10.2196/19053 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e19053
Author(s):  
Sean R Locke ◽  
Kaja Falkenhain ◽  
Dylan A Lowe ◽  
Terry Lee ◽  
Joel Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Weight Watchers ◽  
The Impact

Background Obesity and being overweight are major contributing factors for many diseases. Calorie restricted diets often fail to result in sustained long-term weight loss. Very low–carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets have been suggested to have superior metabolic and weight loss effects. Keyto is a low-cost, highly scalable mobile health (mHealth) app paired with a noninvasive biofeedback tool aimed at facilitating weight loss through a personalized healthy and predominantly plant- and fish-based ketogenic diet. Objective This protocol describes a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of the Keyto mHealth app and device intervention to that of Weight Watchers’ WW app in individuals who are overweight or obese. The primary outcome is weight loss after 12 weeks. Secondary and exploratory outcomes, including metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, will be assessed at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Methods A total of 144 participants will be recruited and randomized to either the Keyto program or Weight Watchers program. Study participants will be guided through the study via video conference or phone calls and will undergo a fasting blood analysis performed by a third-party diagnostic lab at weeks 0 and 12 to assess metabolic and cardiovascular risk markers. All participants will be asked to weigh themselves daily on a study-provided Bluetooth-enabled scale. Participants randomized to the Keyto arm will also be asked to measure their breath acetone levels, a measure of ketosis, with the Keyto device 3 times per day. Results Recruitment started in December 2019. Rolling recruitment is expected to be completed by July 2020. Data collection and analysis of the primary intervention phase is expected to be completed in October 2020. The 24- and 48-week follow-ups are expected to be completed in January 2021 and July 2021, respectively. Conclusions This trial will provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy of the Keyto weight loss program in individuals who are overweight and obese in a free-living condition. This study also fills a gap by examining the impact of a ketogenic diet emphasizing plant- and fish-based fats on blood lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04165707; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04165707. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19053

scholarly journals Patient with Recurrent Glioblastoma Responding Favorably to Ketogenic Diet Combined with Intranasal Delivery of Perillyl Alcohol: A Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Santos ◽  
Wanise Cruz ◽  
Axel Schönthal ◽  
Marcela Salazar ◽  
Cristina Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Perillyl Alcohol ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Methylguanine Methyltransferase ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction Monoterpene perillyl alcohol (POH) is cytotoxic to temozolomide-resistant glioma cells, regardless of its O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. Moreover, adherence to a ketogenic diet (KD) produced successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies in the glioma setting. Case Presentation A 54-year-old Caucasian man had a confirmed diagnosis of refractory glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The immunohistochemical evaluation was negative for methylation, and failed to detect mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes. In January 2016, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial combining daily intranasal delivery of POH in combination with a KD. The KD was administered concomitantly with inhalation of POH (55 mg, 4 times a day) in an uninterrupted administration schedule for 3 months. Results The combination treatment was well-tolerated. The nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of the patient were measured. Adherence to the KD was confirmed by measuring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine. Throughout the treatment, a reduced frequency of seizures was observed. After three months of adherence to the treatment, the patient presented with weight loss, reduced body fat, increased water retention, and a slight increase in bone and muscle mass. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan after 3 months of treatment revealed marked reduction of the enhancing lesion. Conclusion Intranasal delivery of POH combined with concomitant adherence to a KD appeared to have a beneficial therapeutic effect in a patient with recurrent GBM. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this therapeutic strategy in a larger cohort of treatment-refractory GBM patients.

scholarly journals Ketone Bodies as a Possible Adjuvant to Ketogenic Diet in PDHc Deficiency but Not in GLUT1 Deficiency

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Habarou ◽  
N. Bahi-Buisson ◽  
E. Lebigot ◽  
C. Pontoizeau ◽  
M. T. Abi-Warde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Glut1 Deficiency

scholarly journals Glioblastoma Utilizes Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies for Growth Allowing Progression during Ketogenic Diet Therapy

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 101453
Author(s):  
Jantzen Sperry ◽  
Michael C. Condro ◽  
Lea Guo ◽  
Daniel Braas ◽  
Nathan Vanderveer-Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Diet Therapy

scholarly journals Satiating Effect of a Ketogenic Diet and Its Impact on Muscle Improvement and Oxidation State in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Benlloch ◽  
María Mar López-Rodríguez ◽  
María Cuerda-Ballester ◽  
Eraci Drehmer ◽  
Sandra Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Background: It was previously established that Multiple sclerosis (MS) generates energy alterations at the mitochondrial level related to the loss of muscle mass. Ketone bodies, mainly beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), re-establish this energy alteration causing satiety, changes in body composition and a decrease in hormone-dependant hunger, such as ghrelin. The aim of this study was to establish possible improvements in body composition and the level of oxidation in patients with MS, by means of the satiating effect of a ketogenic diet. Methods: A pilot study was carried out with 27 MS patients who were given a Mediterranean isocaloric and ketogenic diet for 4 months. Anthropometric measurements, as well as satiety and hunger perception (VAS scale), were taken. In addition, BHB and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), as an oxidation marker, were measured by spectrophotometric automated assays, and ghrelin was determined by an enzyme immunoassay in the serum. All measurements were taken before and after the intervention. Results: A significant increase in satiety perception at lunch and dinner and of BHB in the blood was obtained. Hunger perception decreased significantly at lunch and dinner with similar levels of ghrelin. In addition, an important increase in lean mass and PON1 was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing improvements in body composition, oxidation state and metabolism in MS patients, based on the satiating effect of a Mediterranean isocaloric diet. Conclusion: A ketogenic diet increases lean mass and decreases inflammation and oxidation possibly as a consequence of an increase in satiety and decrease in hunger in MS patients.

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