scholarly journals Early Intravenous Immunoglobulin as an Effective Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Case Series and Case Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozita Khodashahi ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Mandana Khodashahi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The Common

Introduction: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be considered a serious threat to global public health. Due to a large number of infected and dead people, the development of approaches to control the epidemic condition, as well as effective and available drugs, is very important. Case Presentation: In this study, we presented three cases with COVID-19 admitted to the Imam Reza Hospital. A high dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was used for patients as potent and safe treatment. Moreover, case reports and case series focusing on the patients with COVID-19 were reviewed in the present study. During the literature search, 27 patients with COVID-19 were identified in 14 studies. Fever, sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, chills, and muscle pain were the common primary complications of the patients. Kaletra, oseltamivir, ceftriaxone, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and IVIG were the most prevalent drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: Except for the current study, IVIG was utilized in two other studies to treat patients with COVID-19, who did not respond to other therapies.

scholarly journals CURRENT THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019 – A PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
SASMI MB ◽  
MARIA JOSE ◽  
PRAVEENLAL KUTTICHIRA
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Published Evidence

Objectives: Coronavirus pandemic is currently a global public health emergency. With expanding knowledge of the virus and the disease, new therapeutic targets are emerging widely. There is limited evidence about the use of different treatment options in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding therapeutic options in treating coronavirus infection. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library using pre-specified Medical Subject Headings terms about the role of therapeutic options in COVID-19 patients. Results: The majority of the published evidence is either case reports or small observational studies. Antimalarial like hydroxychloroquine reported equivocal results with five studies got positive results and five without any added benefit compared with standard of care. Lopinavir/ ritonavir monotherapy does not show any significant role except in combination with other antiviral drugs but encouraging results are emerging with remdesivir. Studies with favipiravir are inconclusive with some exhibit benefit and others not. Limited case series have shown that tocilizumab and convalescent plasma to be useful as adjuvant therapy in critically ill patients. Conclusion: There is currently no strong evidence for the efficacy of different therapeutic agents in the treatment of COVID-19. More data from ongoing and future trials will add more insight into the role of various drugs.

So Much Writing, So Little Science: A Review of 37 Years of Literature on Edetate Sodium Chelation Therapy

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1504-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Grier ◽  
David G. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Chelation Therapy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of edetate sodium (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; EDTA) chelation therapy for atherosclerosis. METHODS: Literature search using MEDLINE, encompassing 1966 through May 1993. Further references were obtained from articles and books, and from citations obtained from the American Academy of Medical Preventics. RESULTS: 16 case reports or case series, 2 longitudinal studies, and 3 clinical trials were reviewed, along with testimonials cited in 19 books. CONCLUSIONS: Little valid scientific evidence is available. Although the postulated mechanisms of action for EDTA are biologically plausible and EDTA appears to be safe, it has not been proven effective. Indeed, the best evidence shows it to be ineffective. Therefore, EDTA chelation therapy should not be used in clinical practice to treat atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Use Of Intravenous Immunoglobulin For The Treatment Of Severe Covid-19: Case Presentation For Three Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuh Kumru ◽  
Saliha Yarımoğlu ◽  
Tayfun Et ◽  
Rafet Yarımoğlu ◽  
Muhammet Korkusuz
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Ivig Therapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Interleukin Receptor

Although the treatment of the hyperinflammatory response due to COVID-19 has not yet been found, high-dose corticosteroids, interleukin receptor blockers and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are used to improve the hyperinflammatory response.In this article, we aimed to share our experiences with 3 patients who received IVIG therapy in ICU.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of publications about emerging infectious diseases: the case of SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Mert Ipekci ◽  
Diana Buitrago-Garcia ◽  
Kaspar Walter Meili ◽  
Fabienne Krauer ◽  
Nirmala Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Over Time

SummaryBackgroundOutbreaks of infectious diseases generate outbreaks of scientific evidence. In 2016 epidemics of Zika virus emerged, largely in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2020, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared patterns of scientific publications for the two infections over time.MethodsWe used living systematic review methods to search for and annotate publications according to study design. For Zika virus, a review team performed the tasks for publications in 2016. For SARS-CoV-2, a crowd of 25 volunteer scientists performed the tasks for publications up to May 24, 2020. We used descriptive statistics to categorise and compare study designs over time.FindingsWe found 2,286 publications about Zika virus in 2016 and 21,990 about SARS-CoV-2 up to 24 May 2020, of which we analysed a random sample of 5294. For both infections, there were more epidemiological than laboratory science studies. Amongst epidemiological studies for both infections, case reports, case series and cross-sectional studies emerged first, cohort and case-control studies were published later. Trials were the last to emerge. Mathematical modelling studies were more common in SARS-CoV-2 research. The number of preprints was much higher for SARS-CoV-2 than for Zika virus.InterpretationSimilarities in the overall pattern of publications might be generalizable, whereas differences are compatible with differences in the characteristics of a disease. Understanding how evidence accumulates during disease outbreaks helps us understand which types of public health questions we can answer and when.FundingMJC and HI are funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grant number 176233). NL acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme - project EpiPose (grant agreement number 101003688). DBG is funded by the Swiss government excellence scholarship (2019.0774) and the Swiss School of Public Health Global P3HS.

scholarly journals The Preclinical Inhibitor GS441524 in Combination with GC376 Efficaciously Inhibited the Proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mouse Respiratory Tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuejun Shi ◽  
Lei Shuai ◽  
Zhiyuan Wen ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infected Mouse ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Clinic Practice

AbstractThe unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a serious threat to global public health. Development of effective therapies against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of a remdesivir parent nucleotide analog, GS441524, which targets the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and a feline coronavirus prodrug, GC376, which targets its main protease, using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse model. Our results showed that GS441524 effectively blocked the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in the mouse upper and lower respiratory tracts via combined intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) treatment. However, the ability of high-dose GC376 (i.m. or i.n. and i.m.) was weaker than GS441524. Notably, low-dose combined application of GS441524 with GC376 could effectively protect mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection via i.n. or i.n. and i.m. treatment. Moreover, we found that the pharmacokinetic properties of GS441524 is better than GC376, and combined application of GC376 and GS441524 had a synergistic effect. Our findings support the further evaluation of the combined application of GC376 and GS441524 in future clinical studies.ImportanceSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has seriously threatened global public health and economic development. Currently, effective therapies to treat COVID-19 are urgently needed. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of the preclinical inhibitors GC376 and GS441524 using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse model for the first time. Our results showed that low-dose combined application of GC376 and GS441524 could effectively protect mice from HRB26M infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Hence, the combined application should be developed and considered for future clinic practice.

scholarly journals A.05 An epidemiologic study of SLC52A2-related Riboflavin Transport Deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S9-S10
Author(s):  
JK Mah ◽  
M Menezes ◽  
K Massey
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Transporter Deficiency

Background: Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD), formerly known as Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome, is an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder with distinctive phenotypes. RTD is caused by mutations in either the SLC52A2 or SLC52A3 genes that encode riboflavin transporters RFVT-2 and RFVT-3, respectively. Methods: This was a 3-year retrospective case review from the Cure RTD International Registry. Results: 73 individuals (~60% female, 14 deceased) from 56 families had genetically confirmed RTD Type 2, including 30 novel SLC52A2 mutations (24 missense, 2 nonsense, 4 deletion). The mean ages at symptom onset and at diagnosis were 2.4 years (SD 1.5, range 0.25–8, n=63) and 12.0 years (SD 10.2, range 0.75–52, n=56) respectively. Most common presenting symptoms were sensory ataxia (n=43), sensorineural hearing loss (n=22), nystagmus/visual loss secondary to optic atrophy (n=14), upper limb weakness (n=11), and respiratory insufficiency (n=9). Treatment included high dose riboflavin, other supplements, and supportive care; 7 individuals required transfusions for anemia pre-riboflavin treatment and 17 (25%) received a cochlear implant. The minimum prevalence of RTD was estimated to be 1 per million, with >100 new cases each year. Conclusions: This is the largest case series of RTD to date. Early recognition and prompt riboflavin treatment is essential for survival and optimal outcome.

scholarly journals Necrotising otitis externa in the immunocompetent patient: case series

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
S Unadkat ◽  
T Kanzara ◽  
G Watters
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
The Common ◽  
Specific Symptoms

AbstractBackground:Necrotising otitis externa can be a devastating form of otitis externa. It typically tends to affect patients who are immunocompromised or diabetic. To date, there is very little in the literature about necrotising otitis externa in the immunocompetent patient population.Case reports:The present paper discusses both the clinical and radiological findings in three cases of necrotising otitis externa in an immunocompetent patient cohort. The common factor among all three patients was their advanced age.Conclusion:Diagnosing necrotising otitis externa can be challenging because of the potentially non-specific symptoms and the absence of early radiological signs, particularly if patients are neither immunocompromised nor diabetic. Elderly patients should be considered in the same light as immunocompromised and diabetic patients in the context of necrotising otitis externa.

scholarly journals Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Disease – A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Arun Agarwal ◽  
Rekha Jakhar ◽  
Ambika Sharma ◽  
Aakanksha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Past History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Reduce Mortality Rate ◽  
Relevant Effect

Objective: To study and document the outcomes of adjuvant use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in patients with severe or critical corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report in a case series of five patients who were admitted with severe and critical COVID-19 disease and were treated with adjuvant IVIG along-with the institute's standard of care (SOC) treatment. Methods: It is a retrospective observational study. We retrospectively collected data on all patients with COVID-19 disease who were hospitalized in author’s unit. The severe and critical disease patients who received IVIg were shortlisted and are discussed. Results: Data from 101 patients were analyzed. Of them 5 patients were treated with IVIG along with institution’s SOC. 4 patients were male and 1 was female. Except one patient (P2) all were above 60 years of age and all had one or more co morbidities with Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HT) present all of them. 3 patients had past history of pulmonary tuberculosis (P1, P4 and P5). P2 had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and P4 had coronary artery disease (CAD) with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device in situ. Median length of stay was 13 days and 4 of them were discharged. Conclusions: This small case series demonstrates that administration of IVIg in patients with severe COVID-19 disease, who did not respond to usual standard of care treatment, could improve clinical outcome and reduce mortality rate. It should be especially considered in cases with severe critical COVID-19 disease along with evidence of hyper inflammation /cytokine storm. Clinical efficacy is possibly driven by its anti-cytokine effects, reduction of inflammation by inhibition of complement activation, and down-regulation of B and T cells’ functions. Among the various inflammatory markers IVIg reduced CRP and D Dimer levels. It did not show relevant effect on other inflammation markers. However, multicenter studies with large sample size are needed to substantiate these observations.

scholarly journals Odontogenic Keratocyst in Children: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Kamil ◽  
Bassel Tarakji
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocyst ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Gorlin Syndrome ◽  
English Only ◽  
Goltz Syndrome

Objective: Is to highlight the characteristics and management of odontogenic keratocyst in children only Material and Method: Computerized search in pubmed between (2005-2015) using specific words such as odontogenic keratocyst in children, odontogenic keratocyst association with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome with abstract written in English only. Result: During computerized literature search 77 articles in the years (2005-2015) were found. All these publications were miscellaneous studies including case series and case reports. Only 35 papers were selected which conform to our criteria. Most of the papers indicate that the histological type of keratocyst prevalent in children was parakeratinized variant, and most of the cases occurred in maxilla rather than mandible. Conclusion: We recommend that the surgeons who treat keratocysts in children take into consideration the late presentation in addition to the destructive nature and high recurrence rate. General practitioners face difficulty in early detection and referral of children with keratocysts or Gorlin syndrome. Treatment by multidiscplinary team is important if associated with Gorlin's syndrome Postoperative follow up is advised every 6 months.

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