scholarly journals Comparison of Behavioral Cerebral Systems in Tattooed and Non-tattooed Substance-Dependent Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedighe Moallemi ◽  
Behnaz Sahahbakhsh ◽  
Nour-Mohammad Bakhshani ◽  
Zohreh Salaridargi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Fight Or Flight

Background: Tattoos or stencils on the body have a special charm for the people of different cultures. The fact that such stencils are considered attractive and essential to some people from a specific culture has led to the conclusion that there might be factors which make tattooing attractive to someone. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine and compare behavioral activation system (BAS), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and fight-or-flight system between tattooed and non-tattooed substance-dependent individuals. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, this study included 146 substance-dependent individuals (73 tattooed and 73 non-tattooed) referring to Baharan rehabilitation center in Zahedan, Iran. Data collection was done by the short form of the Gray–Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), and data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: According to the results of GWPQ, in BIS, in tattooed individuals, extinction and total scores of avoidance was higher than non-tattooed. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between BAS and fight-or-flight system. Conclusions: While BAS is associated with positive emotions, BIS is associated with negative emotions. The attitudes of substance-dependent individuals towards tattoos are slightly different from other people. The tattoo can be used as a way to extinction the emotions and avoiding to deal with pejorative emotions. Higher impulsivity can lead substance-dependent people to do high-risk behaviors such as tattooing.

scholarly journals Compared the Fight-or-Flight System Dependent People, Glass, Opium and Ordinary on the Basis of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Rezgar Majidi ◽  
Yahya Yarahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
System Level ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Center Hospital ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Fight Or Flight

This study aimed to compared the Fight – or - flight system dependent people, glass, opium and ordinary on the basis of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory. The present study method, of terms of purpose, function and of terms of manner of implementation, causal-comparative, of type then event. The study population included all drug addicts referred to the Medical Center Hospital of Sanandaj qods who first referred to the center (New Case) and have not received any medical treatment. Among the population of through available sampling a total of 90 people were selected and questionnaire Gary- Wilson personality questionnaire (GWPQ( 1993, was carried out on them. To analyze the data variance and Tukey test was used. The results showed that between the Fight – or - flight system dependent people, glass, opium and ordinary there is a significant difference. The results of analysis of variance showed that the level of significance (0.011) is less than %5, as a result of the confidence level %95, there difference, Between Fight – or - flight system level members dependents the opium, glass and ordinary people on the basis of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study on the Dose–Effect Association between Physical Activity Volume and Body Composition of the Elderly in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6365
Author(s):  
Xiao Hou ◽  
Zheng-Yan Tang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yu-Jie Liu ◽  
Jing-Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese old adults’ different body compositions in response to various levels of physical activity (PA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the dose–response relationship between PA and body composition in old adults. Methods: 2664 participants older than 60 years (males: n = 984, females: n = 1680) were recruited for this cross-sectional health survey. PA was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) instruments. The differences of separate body composition indices (lean body mass, LBM; bone mass, BM; and fat mass, FM) of older participants with different PA levels (below PA recommendation and over PA recommendation) were examined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). To compare the differences of three body composition indices with six different multiples of PA recommendation (0–1 REC, 1–2 REC, 2–4 REC, 4–6 REC, >6 REC), the one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s test was used for the post hoc analysis to identify the upper PA-benefit threshold in different indices of body composition. Results: The LBM and BM are significantly higher and the FM are significantly lower in old adults performing more PA volume than the WHO recommendation, compared with individuals performing less PA volume than the WHO recommendation. There were significant increases in LBM for males in “1–2 REC”, “2–4 REC”, and “>6 REC” groups, compared with the “0–1 REC” group; and there were significant increases in BM for males in “1–2 REC”, “2–4 REC”, compared with the “0–1 REC” group. The best PA volume for LBM and BM in females was the PA volume of “2–4 REC”. Additionally, whether males or females, there was no significant difference in FM between the “0–1 REC” group and other separate groups. Conclusion: The PA volume that causes best benefit for body composition of the elderly occurs at 1 to 2 times the recommended minimum PA for males, while it occurs at 2 to 4 times that recommended for females. No additional harms for old adults’ body composition occurs at six or more times the recommended minimum PA.

scholarly journals Women, Drug Dependency and Consequences: A Study from a Developing Country

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam ◽  
Majidreza Erfanian ◽  
Arash Alipourtabrizi ◽  
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Drug Dependency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Addiction in women can expose them to malnutrition, high blood pressure, cancer, and some other dangerous diseases like hepatitis, AIDS, or other sexual transmitted diseases. The aim of this study was to assess illegal sexual relations in three groups of women.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study that was done on 236 girls and young women aged 16–25 years in 2012 in three groups: vulnerable women who have substance dependency (crimes that had made women incarcerated were considered as vulnerability in this study), invulnerable women who have substance dependency (substance dependent women without a history of incarceration), and a control group (women with no history of substance dependency or being in prison).Results. 43.8% of vulnerable women who have substance dependency had extramarital sexual relations; this percentage was 55.8% in invulnerable women who have substance dependency and 1.4% in the control group. Crystal and methamphetamine abuse was higher in addicts who had extramarital sexual relations and alcohol abuse was correlated with unsafe sexual intercourse (r=;0.36,P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in extramarital sexual relation based on marital status (P<0.001).Conclusions. Poverty, drug dependency, divorce, and alcohol consumption make women prone to other high risk behaviors that need more attention.

scholarly journals Examination of Physical Activity and Life Quality Levels of University Students in Terms of Related Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Bekir Barış CİHAN ◽  
Berkan BOZDAĞ ◽  
Levent VAR
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity levels and life quality of Amasya University students. The universe of the study consists of university students studying in 6 faculties of the University of Amasya during the 2018-2019 academic year and the sample is composed of 331 (162 female, 169 male) university students. As data collection tools, in order to determine the level of physical activity (Craig, et al., 2003) by the improved validity and reliability study in Turkey (&Ouml;zt&uuml;rk, 2005) in order to determine the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For the deremination of life quality, Fidaner&rsquo;s (1999) &ldquo;World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form&rdquo; was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, independent sample t-test and single factor variance analysis (One-Way ANOVA). As a result of the analyses; 262 students attending the research stated that the physical activity areas of the faculties were insufficient and 69 students stated that they were sufficient. When the body mass indexes of the participants were examined, it was found that the majority of 76.4 % of the participants had normal BMI (Global Database on BMI, WHO, 2004) classification. A significant difference was found in the psychological and environmental dimensions of students&rsquo; life quality in goodness of the students habiting at home. When it is classified according to physical activity score, it is seen that 65 students studying at the Faculty of Education have a high Met level, while 33 students studying at the Faculty of Medicine have low Met level. It was concluded that students with high levels of MET have higher total life quality scores than students at other levels of MET.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Psychosocial Factors between Mothers of Infants with and without Physical Abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Mahtab Ranjbar ◽  
◽  
Ebrahim Masoudnia ◽  
Mohsen Haghshenas Mojaver ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are one of the most important causes of disability and mortality in childhood seen in developing and developed countries. Mothers with physically-abnormal newborns have unfavorable lifestyle compared to mothers with healthy infants. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference between mothers of infants with and without physical abnormalities in terms of psychosocial factors. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study with two study groups; the case group (n=133) consists of mothers who had babies with birth defects referred to health centers in Amol city, Iran for postnatal care in 2018. The control group (n=133) included mothers with healthy infants in this city. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. Measurement tools included a Socio-demographic form, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS), Coping Strategies Scale - Short Form (CSS-SF), Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ), and General Health Questionnaire - Short Form (GHQ-SF). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test. Results: A total of 266 mothers with a mean age of 31.9±5.6 years were examined. There was a significant difference between the two groups of mothers in terms of overall HPLP score (P=0.01), and its dimensions of spiritual growth (P<0.05), physical activity, nutrition (P=0.01), and stress management (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was reported between them in terms of MPSSS and its dimensions of social support from friends, family, and significant others (P=0.01). Furthermore, There was a significant difference between them with respect to GHQ dimensions of anxiety/insomnia, and depression (P<0.01); CSS dimensions of escape avoidance and emotion-focused coping strategies (P=0.01); and PDQ and its dimensions of concerns about the delivery and the health of the baby, and about the body weight/image (P=0.01). Conclusion: Mothers of infants with and without birth defects are significantly different from each other in terms of psychosocial factors. It seems that poor psychosocial variables in mothers during pregnancy can act as a risk factor for congenital anomalies.

BAS, BIS and FFS in obsessive-compulsive patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 969-969
Author(s):  
S. Ghooshchianchoobmasjedi ◽  
J. Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Activation System ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activation System

IntroductionRecent research on the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has emphasis on the moderating effects of the brain behavioral mechanisms.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this research was to examine the Gray's brain behavioral systems (1994) among the obsessive-compulsive disordered patients.AimsMy aim of this research was to examine the Gray's brain behavioral systems (1994) among the obsessive-compulsive disordered patients.MethodsParticipants were included 20 obsessive-compulsive patients and 20 normal individuals who were selected respectively by available sampling and counter balance sampling methods on the basis of the age, sex and education variables. The average of participant's ages was 29/85 (SD = 7/37). All subjects were completed the Gray-Wilson Questionnaire and data were extracted for the three systems of BAS, BIS and FFS and also for its six measures of approach, active avoidance, passive avoidance, extinction, fight and flight separately.ResultsA multivariate analysis of variance, for comparing six measures of the Gray-Wilson questionnaire were shown significantly differences for Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and also for Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). Pairwise comparisons were shown a higher Behavioral- Inhibition system (BIS) and a lower Behavioral- Activation system (BAS) in obsessive -compulsive patients than normal individuals. No significant difference was found for Fight- Flight system (FFS).ConclusionsThese results were suggested higher BIS and lower BAS activity as moderator of OCD. This results supported the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) conveying a higher tendency to the punishment and elimination of the reward in anxious person as a consequence of Behavioral-Inhibition System (BIS).

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

In-vivo anti-oxidant screening of Tectona grandis extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tamilarasi G P ◽  
Sabarees G
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Generation

Oxidation is an essential reaction in the human body, which determines the expression of proteins in the body. This results in the altered expression like rapid growth resulting in cancers and other disorders. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market that is effective in limiting the free radical generation and the reaction of radicals with cells. Unfortunately, all those synthetic drugs were found to cause side effects and adverse effects in the body. But given the accuracy of the predictability of the results and administration, this research focuses on testing the anti-oxidant efficiency in rat models testing the biochemical parameters. Investigations have also been done on the anti-oxidant activity of Tectona, but every research was concentrated to prove the anti-oxidant activity only. extract had been tested for anti-oxidant activity by estimating various tissue parameters and it showed better activity. As predicted, there is a significant difference in the and results which can be explained are due to the physiological conditions that exist inside the body.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

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