scholarly journals The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Firefighters

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Montazerifar ◽  
Mansour Karajibani ◽  
Razieh Hosseini ◽  
Aliyeh Tafazzoli ◽  
Ahmad Bolouri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in stressful occupations. Firefighting is a hazardous profession and is associated with high metabolic risk. However, limited studies on firefighters are available. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among firefighters in Zahedan city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 140 firefighters (age range, 16 - 55 years) employed at the fire department in Zahedan city, southeast Iran. Anthropometric characteristics and metabolic risk parameters, including blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile were measured, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Results: MetS was presented in 47 (33.6%) of the firefighters. Among the metabolic risk factors, abdominal obesity (87.1%), low-high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (62.1%), and hypertriglyceridemia (61.4%) were more prevalent. Moreover, a significant increasing trend was found with increasing age and work experience (both, P = 0.05). However, no significant differences were found for the remaining metabolic risk factors. Conclusions: The findings showed that about one-third of the firefighters had MetS. Age, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia were independent risk factors for MS in the firefighters. Thus, efforts should be undertaken to implement healthy lifestyle promotion programs for firefighters.

scholarly journals Metabolic Risk Factors and Associated Morbidities among Adult Urban People in Pyin Oo Lwin Township

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban People

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues ◽  
Neiva Leite ◽  
Manuel J. Coelho e Silva ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
Raul A. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Run Test

Background:Associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with lifestyle behaviors in youth is potentially important for identifying subgroups at risk and encourage interventions. This study evaluates the associations among the clustering of metabolic risk factors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth.Methods:The sample comprised 522 girls and 402 boys (N = 924) aged 11 to 17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressures were measured. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. MVPA was estimated with a 3-day diary. Outcome variables were statistically normalized and expressed as z scores. A clustered metabolic risk score was computed as the mean of z scores. Multiple linear regression was used to test associations between metabolic risk and MVPA by sex, adjusted for age, WC, and CRF.Results:After adjustment for potential confounders, MVPA was inversely associated with the clustering of metabolic risk factors in girls, but not in boys; in addition, after adjusting for WC, the statistical model of that relationship was substantially improved in girls.Conclusion:MVPA was independently associated with increased risk of MetS in girls. Additional efforts are needed to encourage research with different analytical approach and standardization of criteria for MetS in youth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Metabolic Syndrome and their Association with Metabolic Risk Factors among Healthy Individuals in New Belgrade

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Veroslava Stanković ◽  
Svetlana Stojanović ◽  
Nađa Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices

Summary People with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) are about twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and over four times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumferences (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are useful screening tools for making the diagnosis. MetSy has increased the health risk in primary care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric indices for MetSy and determine which of simple anthropometric measurements is most closely associated with metabolic risk factors. The research included 264 individuals, of which 132 men with mean age (±SD) of 44.73 ±9.37 years and 132 women with mean age (±SD) of 46.67±8.44 years. Antropometric indicators were measured using standard protocols, without shoes and outerwear. BMI was calculated as weight/height2(kg/m2) ratio, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Blood pressure measurements were obtained with the subject in a seated position by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were obtained after a minimum of 12-h fast; the metabolic parameters (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose) were analyzed by standard procedures. Analysis of the examinees’ medical records was also performed. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The analysis of the research results were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 10.0 (SPSS 10.0 for Windows). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 44.7% in men and 43.2% in women. Normal-weight subjects of both sexes were significantly younger and had significantly lower blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides than overweight and obese subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly increased in parallel with increasing of BMI. For the whole sample, both anthropometric indices had significant associations with the other five components of MetSy. Waist circumference is a simple measure of adiposity most strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. The results obtained in this study indicate that WC is a good indicator of health risk in women but not in men. Measurement of WC by BMI categories may indicate a person with an increased risk of development of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Relationship between body fat percentage determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis and metabolic risk factors in Syrian male adolescents (18–19 years)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Al-Bachir ◽  
Mohamad Adel Bakir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract The association between increasing obesity and metabolic syndrome among adolescent and the adverse consequences in adulthood including type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease is well documented. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the major metabolic risk factors and some clinical important parameters in Syrian male adolescents (18-19 years old), and to assess the correlations between BF% determined by BIA-man prediction equation and metabolic risk factors in the same group. The correlations between body fat percentage (BF%) based on BIA-man predictive equations, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), Hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) in 1596 healthy Syrian adolescents aged 18-19 years and the mean values of these parameters were examined. Data showed that, DBP, Chol, TG, LDL and TG/HDL-C were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overweight and obese subjects in compression to normal weight cases. Whereas, SBP, FBS and Ht were significantly (p<0.05) higher in obese subjects in compression to normal weight. However, all measured variable related to metabolic syndrome risk factors increased with increasing the BF% determined by BIA-man. The present study suggests that % BF by BIA-man is a good predictor of metabolic risks factors for Syrian adolescents.

scholarly journals Overnutrition, ectopic lipid and the metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Current View ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic risk factors including atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated serum triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol), elevated blood pressure, dysglycemia (insulin resistance and elevated serum glucose), a pro-inflammatory state, and a prothrombotic state. Most persons with metabolic syndrome are obese, and usually have abdominal obesity. Generally, obesity is a reflection of overnutrition. A current view is that when adipose tissue fails to store all excess nutrients as triglyceride, lipid begins to accumulate in various tissues (eg, muscle, liver, pancreas, and heart). This accumulation is called ectopic lipid. Various mechanisms have been proposed whereby ectopic lipid is detrimental in different tissues; these derangements induce metabolic risk factors. The foundation of the metabolic syndrome thus appears to be overnutrition, that is, more nutrient intake than can be safely disposed by lipid oxidation. Excess dietary carbohydrate also induces ectopic lipid. Of interest, less than half of obese individuals develop metabolic syndrome. Through various mechanisms they adapt to overnutrition so as to minimize lipid overload in tissues, and consequently, prevent the syndrome.

scholarly journals Trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, cardio-metabolic risk factors and diabetes treatment target achievement in repeated cross-sectional surveys – The Tromsø Study 1994-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petja Lyn Langholz ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Rolf Jorde ◽  
Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hba1c Levels

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate time trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, and other cardio-metabolic risk factors in the general population as well as treatment target achievement among those with diabetes.Design and settingRepeated cross-sectional surveys in the population-based Tromsø Study.MethodsWe used age-adjusted generalized estimating equation models to study trends in self-reported and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes, cardio-metabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in 27281 women and men aged 40-84 years examined in up to four surveys of the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016. Further, we analyzed trends in diabetes treatment target achievement.ResultsDuring 1994-2016 diabetes prevalence increased in women (2.3% to 3.9%) and men (2.4% to 5.3%) and in all age-groups, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes in women (33% to 20%) and men (37% to 27%) decreased. Blood pressure and total cholesterol decreased, while waist circumference increased in participants with and without diabetes, leading to a relatively stable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome throughout the study period. There was a marginal increase in HbA1c levels among participants without diabetes. Only half of those with diabetes achieved the treatment target of HbA1c ≤7.0%.ConclusionIn the last two decades diabetes prevalence increased, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes declined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remained stable throughout, driven by opposing trends with an increase in obesity and a decrease in other cardio-metabolic risk factors. HbA1c treatment target achievement did not improve.

scholarly journals Prevalence and sex-specific patterns of metabolic syndrome in rural Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Limor Ben-Yacov ◽  
Pearl Ainembabazi ◽  
Aliza Hannah Stark ◽  
Samuel Kizito ◽  
Silver Bahendeka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Sex Disparities

Background and aimsIn sub-Saharan Africa, infectious diseases are still the leading causes of mortality; however, this may soon be surpassed by non-communicable illnesses, namely hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study determined the prevalence and patterns of metabolic syndrome and cardio-risk factors in men and women in rural Uganda.MethodsA household-based, cross-sectional survey was carried out following the WHO STEP-wise approach to surveillance. It included demographic and lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses. Of the 200 randomly recruited participants, 183 successfully completed two steps of the study and 161 provided blood samples.ResultsData were collected from 183 adults, aged 18–69 years; 62% were female. Based on the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 19.1% (95% CI 14.0 to 22.5). Elevated fasting plasma glucose was observed in 14.2% (95% CI 9.1 to 19.3) of participants, hypertriglyceridaemia in 16.9% (95% CI 12.1 to 23.1); hypertension in 36.1% (95% CI 29.0 to 43.0) and 52.5% (95% CI 45.2 to 59.6) had low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Abdominal obesity was found in 24.6% (95% CI 18.8 to 31.4) of participants. Sex disparities were significant for several risk factors. Females had significantly higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (38.6% vs 1.5% in males, p=0.001) and twice the rates of low HDL (65.8% vs 30.4%, p=0.001). Men tended to have higher but not significant rates of hypertension (42.0% vs 32.5%) and smoked significantly more than women (49.3% vs 21.1%, p<0.001). Alcohol consumption was also higher in men (55.1% vs 18.4%, p<0.001) and quantities consumed were approximately three times greater than in females (p<0.001).ConclusionMetabolic syndrome exists at worrying rates in the rural Ugandan population. Sex disparities are evident in risk factor prevalence, reflecting physiological variables and deeply entrenched cultural and lifestyle norms.

scholarly journals The Cut-Off Values of Anthropometric Indices for Identifying Subjects at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Elderly Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Gharipour ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽  
Minoo Dianatkhah ◽  
Shirin Bidmeshgi ◽  
Alireza Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim. This study aimed to investigate which anthropometric indices could be a better predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the cut-off points for these surrogates to appropriately differentiate MetS in the Iranian elderly.Method. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). MetS was defined according to Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII). In total, 206 elderly subjects with MetS criteria were selected. Anthropometric indices were measured and plotted using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results. WC followed by WHtR yielded the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.683; 95% CI 0.606–0.761 and 0.680; 95% CI 0.602–0.758, resp.) for MetS. WC at a cut of 94.5 cm resulted in the highest Youden index with sensitivity 64% and 68% specificity to predict the presence of ≥2 metabolic risk factors. BMI had the lowest sensitivity and specificity for MetS and MetS components. WC has the best ability to detect MetS which followed by WHtR and BMI had a lower discriminating value comparatively.Conclusion. WC is the best predictor for predicting the presence of ≥2 metabolic risk factors among Iranian elderly population and the best value of WC is 94.5 cm. This cut-off values of WC should be advocated and used in Iranian men until larger cross-sectional studies show different results.

scholarly journals Eating behavior affects cardio-metabolic risk in high school teenagers in a developing country

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Rita Suhadi ◽  
Phebe Hendra ◽  
Dita Maria Virginia ◽  
Christianus Heru Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

BACKGROUND Modernization negatively changes lifestyle, characterized by excessive eating and reduced energy consumption, and concurrently increases the cardiometabolic risk. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between eating behavior and cardio-metabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI) in percentile, blood pressure (BP) in percentile, waist circumference, and heart rate in total subjects and gender sub-groups. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study was done from July to November 2018. High schools in four provinces of Indonesia and students were selected using purposive sampling. Subjects’ profiles were collected from interview and cardio-metabolic parameters were measured at the study sites. Data were analyzed with chi-square and independent t-test. RESULTS Subjects who were overweight/obese and had high BP accounted for 27.1% and 9.3–12.0% of the total subjects (n = 768), respectively. Subjects who having breakfast tended to have lower BMI (p = 0.006), and the lower consumption of western meals had lower heart rate (p = 0.02). Male subjects had more meal frequency and had less quantity of snacks than female subjects (p<0.001). Male subjects with routine intake of vegetables had low heart rate (p = 0.03). Female subjects with routine breakfast had better BMI (p<0.001), and lower diastolic BP (p = 0.004) and waist circumference (p = 0.02), whereas those who consumed Western meals had higher heart rate (p = 0.046) and waist circumference (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Eating behaviors are likely to affect cardio-metabolic risk factors, and the effects vary within gender groups.

Association between serum zinc concentrations and metabolic risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Qianrang Zhu ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
Jingxian Zhang ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Hui Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Zinc plays an important role in metabolic processes in human organisms and is indispensable in many enzymatic processes. To date, few studies have assessed the association between serum zinc and metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to examine whether serum zinc concentrations was associated with metabolic risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2016-2017 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance for Children and Nursing in Jiangsu Province. A total of 3241 participants aged 6 -17years were included. Metabolic risk factors included fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models, which were adjusted for age, gender, high sensitive C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index and region of residence, to assess the associations of serum zinc concentrations with metabolic risk factors. Results We observed a negative association between serum zinc concentrations and FG (coefficient = -0.532; 95% CI: -0.569, -0.495; p< 0.001). Moreover, TC (coefficient = 0.175 ; 95% CI 0.127, 0.222; p< 0.001), HDL-C (coefficient = 0.137 ; 95% CI 0.082, 0.193; p< 0.001) and LDL-C (coefficient = 0.195 ; 95% CI 0.128, 0.263; p< 0.001) were found to be positively associated with zinc levels. A generalized additive model showed that the negative association between serum zinc and FG was weak at lower serum zinc concentrations, and was stronger with the increase in serum zinc concentrations. Additionally, a U-shaped association between serum zinc and TG was observed. Conclusions Serum zinc concentrations were associated with FG, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in Chinese children and adolescents. Lower levels of serum zinc were more likely related to a poor metabolic status.

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