Estimating the Cost of Anesthetic Agents as the First Step in Cost Minimization Strategy: The Second Half of the Story

2019 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Nouri ◽  
Masood Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
The Cost

Cost-minimization analysis of drugs used in the treatment of Asthma and COPD diseases in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billu Payal ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Harsh Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Cost Minimization Analysis ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
The Cost

Background: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) are well known respiratory diseases affecting millions of peoples in India. In the market, various branded generics, as well as generic drugs, are available for their treatment and how much cost will be saved by utilizing generic medicine is still unclear among physicians. Thus, the main aim of the current investigation was to perform cost-minimization analysis of generic versus branded generic (high and low expensive) drugs and branded generic (high expensive) versus branded generic (least expensive) used in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Era Medical University, Lucknow for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Methodology: The current index of medical stores (CIMS) was referred for the cost of branded drugs whereas the cost of generic drugs was taken from Jan Aushadi scheme of India 2016. The percentage of cost variation particularly to Asthma and COPD regimens on substituting available generic drugs was calculated using standard formula and costs were presented in Indian Rupees (as of 2019). Results: The maximum cost variation was found between the respules budesonide high expensive branded generic versus least expensive branded generic drugs and generic versus high expensive branded generic. In combination, the maximum cost variation was observed in the montelukast and levocetirizine combination. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study inferred that substituting generic antiasthmatics and COPD drugs can bring potential cost savings in patients.

Compensation based on active power filters – The cost minimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Maciążek ◽  
Dariusz Grabowski ◽  
Marian Pasko ◽  
Michał Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Active Power Filters ◽  
Power Filters ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Periodic deworming programme in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e100091110722
Author(s):  
Ariel Oliveira Celestino ◽  
Pablo Amercio Silva Lima ◽  
Larissa Maria Cardoso Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Mendonça França ◽  
Isabel Ribeiro Santana Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

To evaluate the periodic deworming programme (PDP) against soil-transmitted helminth infection and estimate the cost-benefit of this action in a Northeastern Brazilian State. An observational descriptive study was peformed by two branches: an epidemiological analysis of parasitological stool tests positivity in the 7 health micro-regions of Sergipe State, from January to June 2019, and a cost-benefitial analysis through comparison between estimated costs of PDP and conventional diagnose and treatment method from 2014 to 2018. From the 1110 parasitological stool tests evaluated, 317 were positive: 20 (1.8 %) for helminths and 307 (26.7%) for protozoan parasites. Among positive tests, 61 (19.2%) were in PDP age target group (5-14 years). An annual average of 255,283 Albendazole tablets (400mg, single dose) were distributed with an annual average coverage rate of 84.2%. To support the programme, approximately R$ 281,859.25 (US$ 89,775.67) were transferred per year to the state of Sergipe. PDP estimated cost-effectiveness was R$ 1.10 (US$ 0.34) per event prevented and generated a cost-minimization of approximately R$ 335.617,60 (US$124,568.00) when compared to the conventional diagnose and treat method. The positive rates of soil-transmitted helminth infection in parasitological tests in Sergipe were low and the recommendation for PDP seems to be currently inadequate. Most positive tests were for commensal protozoa species. PDP estimated cost is lower than conventional diagnose and treatment method. Protozoa infections prevention policies should be evaluated as they are the major parasitic infection in our community after PDP.

scholarly journals Costs and efficacy ofolanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Vittorio Mapelli
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Italian National Health Service ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Introduction: schizophrenia is a serious and long lasting psychiatric disease. The new “atypical” antipsychotic drugs, introduced in the 90s, have substantially improved the effectiveness of medical treatments, compared to previous neuroleptic drugs. Nowadays they tend to be used as first choice drugs. The ddd cost of atypicals may differ by 20% and health authorities may have an incentive to deliver the less costly drug, especially if they are generic. However the various drugs show differential effectiveness rates and a rational choice should consider both cost and effectiveness.
Objective: the purpose of this analysis is to review the existing evidence on cost-effectiveness studies of olanzapine and risperidone, the two most prescribed drugs in Italy. Six published studies were identified, but attention was focused on two articles that reported consistent and methodologically sound results.
Results: most reviewed studies are cost-minimization analyses, since effectiveness indicators show no significant statistical difference between the two drugs, and are inconclusive since the results depend on the evaluation setting. However one observational retrospective study showed a significant severity reduction over 12 months for patients treated with olanzapine (-2.46 on HoNOS scale; p<0.05), compared to a smaller non significant reduction of the risperidone group (-0.57). Despite the higher drug cost, the average total cost per reduced severity score was lower for olanzapine than for risperidone patients (€ 4,554 vs. € 10,897). The only medical and related health care costs for risperidone patients were higher than total costs for olanzapine patients. Another study comparing cohorts of patients with similar starting severity showed a significant severity reduction and global functioning increase over 12 months for olanzapine but no significant increase for risperidone patients (-0.35, p<0.01 on CGI scale; +3.66, p <0.05 on GAF scale, compared respectively to -0.27, p<0.05 and +2.00 n.s.). Again average cost per reduced severity/increased functioning score was higher for risperidone than olanzapine patients (€ 4,568 vs. € 4,170 for CGI and € 2,284 vs. € 1,139 for GAF scales respectively).
Conclusion: the use of olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia is the most cost-effective alternative for the SSN (Italian National health service), as it minimizes the cost per score of severity reduction or functioning increase. Even if the price of risperidone were to be reduced by 50% (becoming a generic), total 12 months treatment costs would exceed those of olanzapine in its highest ddd (30 mg).


scholarly journals A two-phase solution approach for a manufacturing-distribution problem with rework, outsourcing, and multi-shipment policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509
Author(s):  
Chiu Peter ◽  
Peng-Cheng Sung ◽  
Victoria Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Batch Size ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Straightforward Solution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phase Solution

In a recent study, a manufacturing batch-size and end-product shipment problem with outsourcing, multi-shipment, and rework was investigated using mathematical modeling and derivatives in its solution procedure. This study demonstrates that a simplified two-phase algebraic approach can also solve the problem and decide the cost-minimization policies for batch-size and end-product shipments. Our proposed straightforward solution approach enables the practitioners in the production planning and controlling filed to comprehend and efficiently solve the best replenishing batch-size and shipment policies of this real problem.

An Economic Evaluation of the Highlands and Islands Teledentistry Project

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Scuffham ◽  
M Steed
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
General Dental Practitioner ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Outreach Visits

A 12-month trial of teledentistry was conducted in two general dental practices (one in the Orkney Islands and one in the Scottish Highlands at Kingussie). The dental practices had a PC-based videoconferencing link, connected by ISDN at 128 kbit/s, to a restorative specialist at a hospital in Aberdeen. Twenty-five patients were recruited into the trial. A cost-minimization analysis was undertaken by comparing the costs of teledentistry with two alternatives: outreach visits, where the specialist regularly visited the remote communities, and hospital visits, where patients in remote communities travelled to hospital for consultation. For Orkney patients, dental teleconsultations cost the National Health Service (NHS) an additional £36 per patient compared with outreach visits, but cost-savings of £270 per patient could be achieved compared with hospital visits. For Kingussie patients, teleconsultations cost the NHS an additional £44 and there were cost-savings of £1.54 compared with outreach visits and hospitals visits, respectively. However, patients incurred additional costs for radiographs and photographs, and the general dental practitioner incurred additional preparation time costs. When the value of patient time was included, there were cost-savings of around £900 per Orkney patient compared with hospital visits, but compared with outreach visits teledentistry cost an additional £180 per patient. Based on the trial data, there were no cost-savings from teledentistry for Kingussie patients, even when the value of time was included. These results were relatively robust in a sensitivity analysis. However, we estimated that the cost-effectiveness of teledentistry would improve with greater familiarity and use of equipment. Benefits and cost-savings would be greatest in island or remote communities, where patients have to travel long distances to hospital for specialist consultations.

A Cost-Minimization Analysis of Paediatric Telehomecare Compared to Usual Care: the lower cost more than compensates a longer stay (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Adroher Mas ◽  
Candela Esposito ◽  
Astrid Batlle Boada ◽  
Ricard Casadevall ◽  
Marta Millet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Usual Care ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Cost Minimization Analysis ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
The Cost

BACKGROUND While home hospitalization has been a well-known and widespread practice for some time in the adult population, it has not been the same case in the paediatric setting. Simultaneously, telemedicine tools are a facilitator of the change in the healthcare model, which is increasingly focused on home care. In a pioneering way in Spain, the in-home hospitalization program of the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona allows the child to be in their home environment at the time they are being monitored and clinically followed by the professionals. In addition to being the preferred option for families, previous experience suggest that paediatric home hospitalization reduces costs, primarily thanks to savings on the structural cost of the stay. OBJECTIVE To compare the average cost of a discharge by telehomecare with the usual care and to analyse the main drivers of the differential costs of both care models. METHODS Cost-minimization analysis conducted under a hospital’s perspective, based on observational data and estimated retrospectively. A historical control group of similar patients in terms of clinical casuistry to children hospitalized at home was used for comparison. RESULTS A 24h stay at the hospital costs € 503.68, while the in-home hospitalization costs € 264.66 per day, representing a saving of almost half (48%) of the cost compared to usual care. The main savings drivers were the personnel costs (35.5% of the total), intermediate non-care costs (33.17%), and structural costs (19.04%). Home hospitalization involves a total stay 27.61% longer, but at a daily cost of almost half, represents a € 155 (9.01%) per 24h stay saving. CONCLUSIONS The cost analysis conducted under a hospital perspective shows that paediatric telehomecare is 9% cheaper compared to regular hospital care. These results motivate the most widespread implementation of the service from the point of view of economic efficiency, adding to previous experiences that suggest that it is also preferable from the perspective of user satisfaction.

scholarly journals Comparing 2% lidocaine gel (Dispogel and Cathejell) in cystoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 4225-4229
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ucar ◽  
Fatih Oguz ◽  
Ilhan Gecit ◽  
Mustafa Said Aydogan
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Lidocaine Gel ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Urologic Procedure ◽  
Observation Period

Objective Cystoscopy is a common urologic procedure. Analgesics are often used to reduce any pain associated with this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy in reducing pain and the cost-effectiveness of two forms of lidocaine gel in patients undergoing cystoscopy. Methods In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 77 male patients who were referred for double J removal, urethral dilatation, or cystoscopy were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: Dispogel and Cathejell. All patients received 20 mL of intraurethral lidocaine gel 2% and cystoscopy was performed 5 minutes thereafter. The primary outcome was the pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS) during and 5 minutes after cystoscopy. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the VAS scores, blood pressure, and pulse rate in the groups in either observation period. No patient required additional anesthetic agents or sedatives for insufficient pain relief. Conclusion The results of this study show that the analgesic efficacy of Dispogel and Cathejell in the treatment of pain during and after elective cystoscopy was the same, but Dispogel was more cost-effective.

scholarly journals Estimating the economic life of forest machinery using the cumulative cost model and cost minimization model in Iranian Caspian forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hejazian Mohammad ◽  
Lotfalian Majid ◽  
Limaei Soleiman Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cumulative Cost ◽  
Cumulative Cost Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Costing Analysis

This study was conducted in order to estimate the economic life of two models of rubber-tired skidders, namely Timberjack 450C and HSM 904, in Iranian Caspian forests. The total annual costs and average cumulative cost of skidders were calculated by life-cycle costing analysis. The economic life of the machines was estimated by both the cumulative cost model and cost minimization model. The results indicated that the economic life of Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 is 7,700 h (at the end of the 11<sup>th</sup> year) and 15,300 h (at the end of the 17<sup>th</sup> year), respectively, using the cost minimization model. Furthermore, the results indicated that the economic life of Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 is 9,100 h (at the end of the 13<sup>th</sup> year) and 11,900 h (at the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> year), respectively, using the cumulative cost model. The cumulative cost model estimated the economic life of skidders longer than the cost minimization model.

scholarly journals PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STATIN TABLETS - IN VITRO PERFORMANCE PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Vidyavathi M ◽  
Koteswaramma L ◽  
Krishnaveni A ◽  
Madhuri T ◽  
Sarada B
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
In Vitro Performance

Objective: Pharmacoeconomics refers to the scientific discipline that compares the value of pharmaceutical drugs or drug therapies. The pharmacoeconomic analysis includes the research methods related to cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit analysis. The present study concerned with the pharmacoeconomic analysis of statin tablets (simvastatin [S1-S5], atorvastatin [A1-A5], and rosuvastatin [R1-R5]) of different brands which are varying in their prices using in vitro evaluation methods of tablets.Methods: Weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration, and dissolution tests of all selected statin tablets were performed as per official procedure for the pharmacoeconomic comparative analysis.Results: It was found the least T90% with S5 and high T90% with S1 tablets among simvastatin tablets, the least T90% was observed with A1 and A5 and high T90% with A2 tablets among atorvastatin tablets, and least T 90% was observed with R5 and high T90% with R2 was found among rosuvastatin tablets without any relation with their order of prices. Hence, the study concluded that there is no significant correlation between cost and in vitro performance as there is no excellent in vitro performance found from the costliest tablets and vice versa.Conclusion: The range of the cost of different marketed statin tablets is from Rs.17.5 to Rs.127.0 per a strip of 10 tablets. All brands of three drugs have equal strength which are assumed to produce the same outcomes. As there is no significant correlation between cost and results of some of in vitro parameters of the tablets, the cost minimization analysis can be ruled out for these brands of S1 to

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