scholarly journals Effect of Water Hardness on Antibacterial Activity of Green Tea

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Akiko Ike ◽  
Takako Itoman ◽  
Mizuki Kouno ◽  
Shiori Takigami ◽  
Mai Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3485
Author(s):  
Mica Cabrera ◽  
Faizah Taher ◽  
Alendre Llantada ◽  
Quyen Do ◽  
Tyeshia Sapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Tea Infusions

The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region. To assess the effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content, green tea infusions were prepared with synthetic freshwater in five different hardness levels, a sodium bicarbonate solution, a mineral salt solution, and deionized water. HPLC analysis was performed with a superficially porous pentafluorophenyl column. As water hardness increased, total catechin yield decreased. This was mostly due to the autoxidation of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and caffeine showed greater chemical stability. Autoxidation was promoted by alkaline conditions and resulted in the browning of the green tea infusions. High levels of alkaline sodium bicarbonate found in hard water can render some tap waters unsuitable for green tea preparation.

Effect of water hardness on surface tension and dilational visco-elasticity of sodium dodecyl sulphate solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 377 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Fainerman ◽  
S.V. Lylyk ◽  
E.V. Aksenenko ◽  
N.M. Kovalchuk ◽  
V.I. Kovalchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Effect Of Water

Evaluation of the Synergetic Effect of Water Soluble Extracts of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) on the Activity of Ciprofloxacin in Urinary Isolated E. coli

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Hosseini Jazani ◽  
Minoo Zartoshti . ◽  
Shahram Shahabi . ◽  
Zahra Yekta . ◽  
Shahin Nateghi .
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effect Of Water

The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarif K. Jabbar‐Lopez ◽  
Chuin Ying Ung ◽  
Helen Alexander ◽  
Nikeeta Gurung ◽  
Joanne Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Effect Of Water

Effect of Water Hardness on Acetate Absorption

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. S102
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Urita ◽  
Toshiyasu Watanabe ◽  
Tsunehiko Imai ◽  
Tadashi Maeda ◽  
Yosuke Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hardness ◽  
Effect Of Water

Losses of pectic substances during cooking and the effect of water hardness

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Johnston ◽  
Denise Kelly ◽  
Pauline P. Dorrian
Keyword(s):  
Water Hardness ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Pectic Substances

The Effect of Water Hardness on Mortality of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) During Exposure to Oxytetracycline

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hundt ◽  
Benjamin Schreiber ◽  
Reiner Eckmann ◽  
Bjørn Tore Lunestad ◽  
Hannah Wünneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Effect Of Water
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