scholarly journals Relativistic effects on the electronic structure of the heaviest elements. Is the Periodic Table endless?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
Valeria Pershina
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Heaviest Elements

scholarly journals Radiochemical Research with Transactinide Elements in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 924-931
Author(s):  
Patrick Steinegger ◽  
Robert Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Ion Accelerator ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Paul Scherrer ◽  
Heaviest Elements

Here, we present a review on a fundamental radiochemical research topic performed by Swiss scientists in national and international collaborations, utilizing large accelerator facilities at the Paul Scherrer Institute as well as abroad. The chemical investigation of the heaviest elements of the periodic table is a truly multidisciplinary effort, which allows scientists to venture into a variety of fields ranging from nuclear and radiochemistry to experimental and theoretical work in inorganic and physical chemistry all the way to nuclear and atomic physics. The structure and fundamental ordering scheme of all elements in the periodic table, as established more than 150 years ago, is at stake: The ever increasing addition of new elements at the heavy end of the periodic table together with a growing influence of relativistic effects, raises the question of how much periodicity applies in this region of the table. Research on the heaviest chemical elements requires access to large heavy-ion accelerator facilities as well as to rare actinide isotopes as target materials. Thus, this scientific area is inevitably embedded in joint international efforts. Its fundamental character ensures academic relevance and thereby substantially contributes to the future of nuclear sciences in Switzerland.

Relativity in the electronic structure of the heaviest elements and its influence on periodicities in properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 833-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Pershina
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Heaviest Elements ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractTheoretical chemical studies demonstrated crucial importance of relativistic effects in the physics and chemistry of superheavy elements (SHEs). Performed, with many of them, in a close link to the experimental research, those investigations have shown that relativistic effects determine periodicities in physical and chemical properties of the elements in the chemical groups and rows of the Periodic Table beyond the 6thone. They could, however, also lead to some deviations from the established trends, so that the predictive power of the Periodic Table in this area may be lost. Results of those studies are overviewed here, with comparison to the recent experimental investigations.

Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 771-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Chemey ◽  
Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Fusion Reactions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This brief introduction to the synthesis and chemistry of elements discovered since 1940 is focused primarily on Z=93–118. The goal of this work is not to simply catalogue the nuclear fusion reactions needed to prepare new elements, but rather to focus on the chemical and physical properties that these elements possess. These elements share a single common feature in that they all have large Z values, and thus have electronic structures that are significantly altered by both scalar relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. These effects scale nonlinearly with increasing Z and create unexpected deviations both across series and down groups of elements. The magnitude of these effects is large enough that orbital energies rearrange and mix in ways that complicate incomplete depictions of electronic structure that are based solely on electron repulsion. Thus, the primary aim of this review is to document the impact of relativistic effects on electronic structure and how this has altered not just our understanding of the chemistry of heavy elements, but has even created in the need to rearrange the Periodic Table itself.

scholarly journals Relativistic Effects on the Equation-of-State of the Light Actinides

2005 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Landa ◽  
Per Söderlind
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Electronic Structure Methods ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Structure Calculations

AbstractThe effect of the relativistic spin-orbit (SO)interaction on the bonding in the early actinides has been investigated by means of electronic-structure calculations. Specifically, the equation of state (EOS) for the face-centered cubic (fcc) model systems of these metals has been calculated from the first-principles density-functional (DFT) theory. Traditionally, the SO interaction in electronic-structure methods is implemented as a perturbation to the Hamiltonian that is solved for basis functions that explicitly do not depend on SO coupling. Here this approximation is shown to compare well with the fully relativistic Dirac treatment. It is further shown that SO coupling has a gradually increasing effect on the EOS as one proceeds through the actinides and the effect is diminished as density increases.

Relativistic effects on the surface electronic structure of Mo(011)

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 10302-10312 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jeong ◽  
R. H. Gaylord ◽  
S. D. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Surface Electronic Structure

Theoretical study of relativistic effects in the electronic structure of Pu

2000 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
pp. 12562-12565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Fernando ◽  
E. H. Sevilla ◽  
Bernard R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Relativistic Effects
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document