Active forces modulate collective behaviour and cellular organization

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

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Three-dimensional image analysis and visualization in confocal light microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146631 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 158-159

Author(s):

J. K. Samarabandu ◽

R. Acharya ◽

D. R. Pareddy ◽

P. C. Cheng

Keyword(s):

Depth Perception ◽

Computer Graphic ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Data Set ◽

Computational Burden ◽

Interactive Operation ◽

Cell Organization ◽

Confocal Images ◽

3D Digitization

In the study of cell organization in a maize meristem, direct viewing of confocal optical sections in 3D (by means of 3D projection of the volumetric data set, Figure 1) becomes very difficult and confusing because of the large number of nucleus involved. Numerical description of the cellular organization (e.g. position, size and orientation of each structure) and computer graphic presentation are some of the solutions to effectively study the structure of such a complex system. An attempt at data-reduction by means of manually contouring cell nucleus in 3D was reported (Summers et al., 1990). Apart from being labour intensive, this 3D digitization technique suffers from the inaccuracies of manual 3D tracing related to the depth perception of the operator. However, it does demonstrate that reducing stack of confocal images to a 3D graphic representation helps to visualize and analyze complex tissues (Figure 2). This procedure also significantly reduce computational burden in an interactive operation.

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How do cardiomyocytes sense stretch? Effects of cyclic mechanical stretch on cardiomyocyte cellular organization

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1367452 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

S. Dhein ◽

A. Schreiber ◽

S. Steinbach ◽

M. Kostelka ◽

F.W. Mohr

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stretch ◽

Cellular Organization

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of MGOUN3, an Arabidopsis gene with TetratricoPeptide-Repeat-related motifs, regulates meristem cellular organization.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1012501.204327 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Running

Keyword(s):

Tetratricopeptide Repeat ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Arabidopsis Gene

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Shroom3 functions downstream of planar cell polarity to regulate myosin II distribution and cellular organization during neural tube closure.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725316941.793504376 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ira Daar

Keyword(s):

Cell Polarity ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Planar Cell Polarity ◽

Myosin Ii ◽

Neural Tube Closure ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Tube Closure

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Basic Biology of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826999201203213527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Aline Araujo Zuma ◽

Emile dos Santos Barrias ◽

Wanderley de Souza

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Endocytic Pathway ◽

Host Cells ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Basic Biology ◽

Comparative Information

Abstract:: The present review addresses basic aspects of the biology of the pathogenic protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and some comparative information with Trypanosoma brucei. Like eukaryotic cells, their cellular organization is similar to that of mammalian hosts. However, these parasites present structural particularities. That is why the following topics are emphasized in this paper: developmental stages of the life cycle in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts; the cytoskeleton of the protozoa, especially the sub-pellicular microtubules; the flagellum and its attachment to the protozoan body through specialized junctions; the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, including its structural organization and DNA replication; the glycosome and its role in the metabolism of the cell; the acidocalcisome, describing its morphology, biochemistry, and functional role; the cytostome and the endocytic pathway; the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex; the nucleus, describing its structural organization during interphase and division; and the process of interaction of the parasite with host cells. The unique characteristics of these structures also make them interesting chemotherapeutic targets. Therefore, further understanding of cell biology aspects contributes to the development of drugs for chemotherapy.

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