scholarly journals Evaluation of Heart Rate, Work Rate and O2 Uptake Relationships During Constant Load Exercise Test Work Load at the Anaerobic Threshold in Healthy Male

2020 ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Seda UGRAS ◽  
Oguz OZCELİK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

Effects of exercise at the anaerobic threshold on respiratory quotient in young male subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Oxidation Ratio ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

Aim: Exercise has great influence on increasing metabolic system functions. The work load corresponded to anaerobic threshold provide optimal aerobic strain for metabolic activity in exercising muscle. In the present study we intended to evaluate body substrate oxidation ratio during constant load exercise test at the intensity of anaerobic threshold in healthy young male subjects. Material and Method: Total of 15 male performed an incremental ramp exercise test to estimate anaerobic threshold. Standard V-slope method used to estimate anaerobic threshold. Then each subject performed a constant load exercise test for a 30 min period with a work load corresponded to their anaerobic threshold. Respiratory quotient (RQ) used to evaluate substrate oxidations during exercise. Anova test used to evaluate significance of data obtained every 5 minutes of constant load exercise. Results: The subjects’ anaerobic threshold occurred at approximately 63% of their maximal exercise capacity. RQ varied markedly among the subjects but as a mean value, but it systematically decreased with increasing exercise time. Body mass index and exercise time has great importance on fat and carbohydrate oxidation ratio. Conclusion: Exercise intensity at the anaerobic threshold provides meaningfully fat oxidation and could be acceptable in subjects with high body fat mass.

The Astrand-Ryhming nomogram revisited

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Legge ◽  
E. W. Banister
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Power

Relationships among O2 uptake (VO2), heart rate, and work rate during constant-load submaximal cycle ergometry and ramp-forced exercise to exhaustion have been studied in core groups of trained (n = 15) and untrained (n = 10), 20- to 29-yr-old males. A signal aim was to improve on the accuracy of the 1954 Astrand-Ryhming (A-R) nomogram predicting maximum aerobic power from heart rate elevation at submaximum work rates. A new nomogram has been developed based on a linear relationship, established in experimental groups, between VO2 and delta HR, the latter being defined as the elevation of exercise heart rate above that reached during zero-load pedaling at 90 rpm. The delta HR variable used in a nomogram linking it and submaximum VO2 (either derived by calculation from the concomitant steady-state work rate or measured directly from respiratory gas analysis) successfully differentiated maximum aerobic power of trained from untrained subjects in core groups whose different abilities could not otherwise be distinguished by the A-R nomogram itself. In a validation group of trained (n = 5), untrained (n = 5), and moderately trained (n = 4) 20- to 29-yr-old males, the correlation measured between VO2max values and those predicted from the new nomogram was significantly better (r = 0.98) (P less than 0.05) than predictions made from the A-R nomogram (r = 0.80).

scholarly journals The respiratory and metabolic responses for determinants of exercise endurance time in constant-load exercise test in healthy adult volunteers, prospective cross-sectional design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Kawachi ◽  
Keisaku Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

Abstract Although constant-load exercise test is performed at approximately 80% of maximum load determined based on individual exercise capacity of incremental-load exercise test, some subjects cannot maintain exercising in constant-load exercise test. We assumed that the metabolic responses difference between those who are and are not able to maintain exercising in only constant-load exercise. Therefore, present study was performed to elucidate the metabolic responses for determinants of endurance time in constant-load exercise test. Twenty-seven healthy volunteers performed constant-load exercise test at 80% of maximum load determined by incremental-load exercise test. Subjects were separated into those who were and were not able to complete 20 minutes of constant-load exercise test. The metabolic indexes were compared between the two groups. The not-completed group showed significantly higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) as anaerobic threshold and minimum minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) as ventilatory inefficiency at peak exercise only in constant-load exercise test (P < 0.05). It was suggested that the respiratory and metabolic responses for determinants of endurance time in constant-load exercise test were exercise beyond anaerobic threshold and the increase in CO2 output due to ventilatory inefficiency related to a reduced skeletal muscle in healthy adults.

Cardiovascular response to cycle exercise during and after pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Sady ◽  
M. W. Carpenter ◽  
P. D. Thompson ◽  
M. A. Sady ◽  
B. Haydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Response To Exercise

Our purpose was to determine if pregnancy alters the cardiovascular response to exercise. Thirty-nine women [29 +/- 4 (SD) yr], performed submaximal and maximal exercise cycle ergometry during pregnancy (antepartum, AP, 26 +/- 3 wk of gestation) and postpartum (PP, 8 +/- 2 wk). Neither maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) nor maximal heart rate (HR) was different AP and PP (VO2 = 1.91 +/- 0.32 and 1.83 +/- 0.31 l/min; HR = 182 +/- 8 and 184 +/- 7 beats/min, P greater than 0.05 for both). Cardiac output (Q, acetylene rebreathing technique) averaged 2.2 to 2.8 l/min higher AP (P less than 0.01) at rest and at each exercise work load. Increases in both HR and stroke volume (SV) contributed to the elevated Q at the lower exercise work loads, whereas an increased SV was primarily responsible for the higher Q at higher levels. The slope of the Q vs. VO2 relationship was not different AP and PP (6.15 +/- 1.32 and 6.18 +/- 1.34 l/min Q/l/min VO2, P greater than 0.05). In contrast, the arteriovenous O2 difference (a-vO2 difference) was lower at each exercise work load AP, suggesting that the higher Q AP was distributed to nonexercising vascular beds. We conclude that Q is greater and a-vO2 difference is less at all levels of exercise in pregnant subjects than in the same women postpartum but that the coupling of the increase in Q to the increase in systemic O2 demand (VO2) is not different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Exercise in Merino sheep dash the relationships between work intensity, endurance, anaerobic threshold and glucose metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Pethick ◽  
CB Miller ◽  
NG Harman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The effect of exercise intensity on (i) the ability of sheep to sustain exercise and (ii) glucose metabolism was investigated in fed non-pregnant adult Merino ewes. Five animals were prepared with cannulae to study the splanchnic tissues using the arteriovenous difference technique either at rest or during 8 levels of exercise: 3, 5, 7 and 9 km h-1 at either 0� or 9� incline. The anaerobic threshold, determined by elevation of blood lactate concentration or lactate/pyruvate ratio, occurred at a work rate of about 6-10 watts/kg body wt (7 km h-1 on 0� incline, 3 km h-1 on 9� incline). Only exercise well in excess of the anaerobic threshold resulted in ewes showing fatigue. Fatigue was not associated with carbohydrate depletion or lacticacidosis. Changes in the partial pressure of CO2 and the pH of blood indicated a marked respiratory alkalosis that was related to the severity of exercise, suggesting that thermoregulation may have been an important component of fatigue. Splanchnic blood flow declined when the intensity of exercise exceeded the anaerobic threshold; however, this did not compromise splanchnic function as assessed by oxygen and metabolite uptake. During exercise below the anaerobic threshold euglycemia was maintained while a pronounced hyperglycemia, that became more severe as the work rate increased, was found for exercise above the anaerobic threshold. The release of glucose by the liver increased significantly at all work rates and markedly so after the anaerobic threshold, such that the resultant hyperglycemia was consistent with an exaggerated hepatic glucose release due to 'feed forward' control. The contribution of lactate and glycerol to gluconeogenesis, assuming complete conversion, remained constant at 18-25% except at the highest work load where the contribution significantly declined to 9%. The decline was due to (i) saturation of hepatic lactate uptake and (ii) a failure for glycerol concentration and so uptake to increase beyond a work rate of 22 W kg-1. The requirement for gluconeogenic end products of digestion for animals grazed under extensive conditions would be 9-30% greater than for animals not exercising, depending upon the speed and inclination of exercise.

Greater Exercise Pressor Response Is Associated With Impaired Claudication Outcomes in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease

Angiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Gardner ◽  
Polly S. Montgomery ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Chixiang Chen ◽  
Marcos Kuroki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

We determined whether a greater exercise pressor response during a constant-load treadmill test was associated with lower peak walking time (PWT) and claudication onset time (COT) measured during a graded maximal treadmill test in 304 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). The exercise pressor response was assessed by measuring heart rate and blood pressure (BP) at rest and during a constant-load treadmill test (speed = 2 mph, grade = 0%). After only 2 minutes of walking, mean heart rate increased by 26 beats/min from rest and mean systolic BP increased by 16 mm Hg. In adjusted analyses, increases in systolic BP ( P = .021), heart rate ( P = .002), mean arterial pressure ( P = .034), and rate–pressure product ( P < .001) from rest to 2 minutes of constant-load exercise were negatively associated with COT. Similarly, increases in heart rate ( P = .012) and rate–pressure product ( P = .018) from rest to 2 minutes of constant-load exercise were negatively associated with PWT. A greater exercise pressor response observed after only 2 minutes of walking at no incline was independently associated with impaired claudication outcomes in patients with symptomatic PAD. The implication is that the exercise pressor response is an important and easily obtained clinical measurement that partially explains differences in PWT and COT.

scholarly journals Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lässing ◽  
R. Falz ◽  
C. Pökel ◽  
S. Fikenzer ◽  
U. Laufs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Minimum ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

AbstractWearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This prospective crossover study examined the effects of medical face masks during constant-load exercise. Fourteen healthy men (age 25.7 ± 3.5 years; height 183.8 ± 8.4 cm; weight 83.6 ± 8.4 kg) performed a lactate minimum test and a body plethysmography with and without masks. They were randomly assigned to two constant load tests at maximal lactate steady state with and without masks. The cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were monitored using impedance cardiography and ergo-spirometry. The airway resistance was two-fold higher with the surgical mask (SM) than without the mask (SM 0.58 ± 0.16 kPa l−1 vs. control [Co] 0.32 ± 0.08 kPa l−1; p < 0.01). The constant load tests with masks compared with those without masks resulted in a significantly different ventilation (77.1 ± 9.3 l min−1 vs. 82.4 ± 10.7 l min−1; p < 0.01), oxygen uptake (33.1 ± 5 ml min−1 kg−1 vs. 34.5 ± 6 ml min−1 kg−1; p = 0.04), and heart rate (160.1 ± 11.2 bpm vs. 154.5 ± 11.4 bpm; p < 0.01). The mean cardiac output tended to be higher with a mask (28.6 ± 3.9 l min−1 vs. 25.9 ± 4.0 l min−1; p = 0.06). Similar blood pressure (177.2 ± 17.6 mmHg vs. 172.3 ± 15.8 mmHg; p = 0.33), delta lactate (4.7 ± 1.5 mmol l−1 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5 mmol l−1; p = 0.15), and rating of perceived exertion (6.9 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.16) were observed with and without masks. Surgical face masks increase airway resistance and heart rate during steady state exercise in healthy volunteers. The perceived exertion and endurance performance were unchanged. These results may improve the assessment of wearing face masks during work and physical training.

scholarly journals Prognostic power of anaerobic threshold parameters in patients with transposition of the great arteries and systemic right ventricle

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451
Author(s):  
António V. Gonçalves ◽  
Tânia Mano ◽  
Ana Agapito ◽  
Sílvia A. Rosa ◽  
Lídia de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Test Parameters

AbstractIntroduction:Both transposition of the great arteries (TGA) previously submitted to a Senning/Mustard procedure and congenitally corrected TGA (cc-TGA) have the systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle, thereby rendering these patients to heart failure events risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters for stratifying the risk of heart failure events in TGA patients.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of adult TGA patients with systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise test in a tertiary centre. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year for the primary endpoint of cardiac death or heart failure hospitalisation. Several cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters were analysed as potential predictors of the combined endpoint and their predictive power were compared (area under the curve).Results:Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed in 44 TGA patients (8 cc-TGA), with a mean age of 35.1 ± 8.4 years. The primary endpoint was reached by 10 (22.7%) patients, with a mean follow-up of 36.7 ± 26.8 months. Heart rate at anaerobic threshold had the highest area under the curve value (0.864), followed by peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) (0.838). Heart rate at anaerobic threshold ≤95 bpm and pVO2 ≤20 ml/kg/min had a sensitivity of 87.5 and 80.0% and a specificity of 82.4 and 76.5%, respectively, for the primary outcome.Conclusion:Heart rate at anaerobic threshold ≤95 bpm had the highest predictive power of all cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters analysed for heart failure events in TGA patients with systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle.

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